A study case on coffee (Coffea arabica): Limu Coffe - IRD

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The geographical indication paradox Do economy and ecology are compatible in the GI framework? As Stellmacher noted (2007), in forest coffee certification, the main objective is the economic one to increase farmers’ income through the selling and exporting of their products. Accordingly, they foremost try to produce larger quantities of forest coffee and to obtain higher prices. This is likely to have negative impacts on the forest since yields can not be expanded beyond limited thresholds without degrading its natural habitat. Higher prices provide an incentive to produce more forest coffee by increased forest management at the expense of the forest ecosystem and biodiversity. Indeed primary forests would turn to secondary, tertiary, etc. forests and species of former forests would tend to disappear. The coffee forest landscape will tend to homogeneity with selected shade trees as Acacia, Albizia, Cordia, Croton and Ficus species while the other trees will be cut. The organization of these forests will be divided into two or three stratums. This phenomenon is already observable in Limu Kosa and surrounding woredas, and progressively spreads since the socialist government through extension programmes where farmers constitute a dispatched pioneer front, daily transforming primary forest in secondary forest. While farmers are colonising the forest borders, investors are clearing more deeply in these forests as it is in Debacon forest of Caffee Ilfataa and Gaallee Jimaate kebeles in Limu Kosa. Debacon forest presents the same structure that characterized non exploited forests as protected Babiya Folla forest (including Kebena forest). That means dense vegetation distributed in several stratums: an inferior stratum made of weeds species up to 2 meters high, a shrubby stratum mainly made of coffee trees in forest borders, a medium stratum from 5 to 15 meters high, and then a superior stratum including species as Kararo trees (up to 30 meters high) characterizing south western Ethiopian forests. The recent development of investors threatens this structure: some plots 100 meters long and 30 meters wide are cleared in the middle of the forest. All stratums are cut down, and some trees of middle and superior stratums are maintained for shade purpose while temporary shades as Sesbania species are row planted with coffee seedlings. Debacon forest divided into eleven investors is step by step normalized and transformed as a common coffee agro-forest landscape. 137
Illustration 55: Debacon forest 3) an high weed stratum 4) kararo tree 5) smallholders coffee plots in the borders of the forest 6) 7) investor deforestation in the middle of the forest (Bossolasco, August 2009) 138
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A study ca
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Several names In the 14 th and 15 t
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eighteen improved cultivars/varieti
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Greens to sun drying Floaters to su
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1.3) Quality seen by the value chai
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Producers A thirty-seven-years-old
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Purpose Cooperative Union 14 are re
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Step 1: Collection of different cof
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Region Sidamo Limu Gimbi Harar Yirg
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- About Ethiopian Limu Wild Grown (
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Before 1996, Ethiopia was divided i
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After opposition defeated the DERG
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27 Yembaro Dhidesa Limu-2 Jima-4/5
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3.2) Limu Kosa climate and physical
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forests 25 , and man made forests a
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Botanical name 3.3.2) Vernacular na
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Eucalyptus Key bahir zaf Red river
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The kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea was a
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virgin forests of which the local i
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that they were the property of Hail
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4.1.3) Small-holder or garden coffe
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English Amharic Oromic Home garden
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300 members. The average production
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4.3) Land property rules 4.3.1) Agr
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field) committee which is a measure
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Consequently eviction was rare and
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socialist government in military di
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whereas poorer households difficult
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Kebele Average farm area 45 (ha) Av
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What do coffee plots mean in the Li
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A third remark could be the existin
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phenomenon linking friends and neig
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Coffee can also be used in other ce
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tona and baraka. In this myth, char
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I kindly request you to make sure t
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It is probable that coffee plant or
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et, groceries, dwellers), all coffe
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Akhrabies (suppliers & wholesalers)
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an Harar 4 an Harar 4, etc. but as
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Investors are new comers in the Eth
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Sebsabies Their role was to bring c
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Cooperative Unions Cooperative unio
Page 87 and 88: chief executive Eleni Guebre Madhin
Page 89 and 90: eaction of these frustrated actors
Page 91 and 92: The arrival coffee test, Addis Abeb
Page 93 and 94: Unwashed coffees Type/Name Origin S
Page 95 and 96: Cup quality value Cup cleanness (15
Page 97 and 98: The Ethiopian Commodity Exchange Au
Page 99 and 100: Then coffee for export gets commonl
Page 101 and 102: as explained me a French importer:
Page 103 and 104: Each coffee producing woreda presen
Page 105 and 106: Limu Kosa coffee production & marke
Page 107 and 108: Name of sector Kind of coffee Coope
Page 109 and 110: - Non organic substances are not al
Page 111 and 112: Limu coffee is particularly good be
Page 113 and 114: Area under coffee plantation Mature
Page 115 and 116: 6.3) A current and coming decentral
Page 117 and 118: The Ethiopia Commodity Exchange Aut
Page 119 and 120: 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 December 2
Page 121 and 122: 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Dece
Page 123 and 124: Farmer 2: He produced three bags in
Page 125 and 126: the not picked on time and therefor
Page 127 and 128: 7) Assessment of the product as a G
Page 129 and 130: 1. To be eligible to use a PDO or a
Page 131 and 132: 7.1.6) Differences between GIs and
Page 133 and 134: een difficult. Indeed, certificatio
Page 135 and 136: “Merits are that GIs allow collec
Page 137: Akhrabies represent a homogeneous c
Page 141 and 142: “In respect of the geographical i
Page 143 and 144: The average productivity is 700 kg
Page 145 and 146: Illustrations table Table 1: Limu c
Page 147 and 148: Illustration 34: Daily labourers in
Page 149 and 150: Bibliography STELLMACHER, T., 2007:
Page 151 and 152: Annexes Home Garden Project pre <st
Page 153 and 154: Justification: The institutional co
Page 155 and 156: Commercial and economic aspects Des
Page 157 and 158: L Limu Seka coffee production & mar
Page 159 and 160: Activities 1 NURSERY OPERATION Mont
Page 161 and 162: Activities Months July Aug Sept Oct
Page 163 and 164: Proclamation no. 602/2008: A procla
Page 165 and 166: 22) “Coffee trade” means acts i
Page 167 and 168: 4) ensure, before loading coffee fo
Page 169 and 170: 1) purchase the coffee for such pur
Page 171 and 172: Sources of income 1 Coffee Chat Cof
Page 173 and 174: WHEREAS, Licensor owns all right, t
Page 175 and 176: 3. OWNERSHIP OF MARKS Licensee ackn
Page 177 and 178: 9. INDEMNIFICATION Licensee shall i
Page 179 and 180: trustees, receivers, successors or
Page 181 and 182: SCHEDULE A MARK COUNTRY APP. NO. FI
Page 183 and 184: MARK COUNTRY SIDAMO in Japanese Jap
Page 185 and 186: SCHEDULE C All notices and other co
Page 187: Buna bet: Literally “coffee bar
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A study case on coffee (Coffea arabica): Limu Coffe - IRD

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