Lawyers Manual - Unified Court System
Lawyers Manual - Unified Court System Lawyers Manual - Unified Court System
352 Lori Cohen 91. Michael Aytes /s/ by Janis Sposato, Acting Assoc. Director, Domestic Operations, to Director, Vermont Service Center, File No. HQPRD 70/6.2, Applications for U Nonimmigrant Status (Jan. 6, 2006), http://www.asistaonline.org/legalresources/policymemos/ Unonimms010606.pdf (accessed Aug. 14, 2006). 92. INA § 212(d)(14). 93. INA § 101(a)(42)(A); § 208 (b)(1)(A); INS v Elias-Zacarias, 502 US 478, 481 (1992). 94. INS v Cardoza-Fonseca, 480 US 421, 440 (1987). 95. Matter of Acosta, 19 I&N Dec. 211, 233-34 (BIA 1985), modified on other grounds, Matter of Mogharrabi, 19 I&N Dec. 439 (BIA 1987); Matter of C-A-, 23 I&N Dec. 951 (BIA 2006) (social visibility of group an important consideration). 96. Matter of Kasinga, 21 I&N Dec. 357 (BIA 1996) (female genital mutilation); Gao v Gonzales, 440 F3d 62, 66-70 (2d Cir. 2006) (forced marriage in China). For unpublished grants of asylum to women fleeing honor killing and prostitution, see Center for Gender and Refugee Studies, http://cgrs.uchastings.edu/law/index.php (accessed August 15, 2006). Unpublished grants, while persuasive in some instances, do not have precedential value. At least one court has rejected classifying “young, attractive women” at risk for prostitution as a social group for asylum purposes, Rreshpja v Gonzales, 420 F3d 551 (6th Cir 2005), and a practitioner submitting an application on these grounds should consult a mentor experienced in gender-based asylum law. 97. Matter of S-A, 22 I&N Dec. 1328 (BIA 2002) (woman with liberal Muslim beliefs who suffered abuse at the hands of her father); Ali v Ashcroft, 394 F3d 780 (9th Cir 2005) (rape on account of social group membership in a clan and political opinion), Safaie v INS, 25 F3d 636 (8th Cir 1994) (opposition to the Iranian government may be both political opinion and particular social group). 98. Matter of R-A-, 22 I&N Dec. 906 (AG 2001; BIA 1999), remanded by AG, 23 I&N Dec. 694 (AG 2005). 99. Id. at 917. 100. 65 Fed. Reg. 76588 (Dec. 7, 2000).
Representing Immigrant Victims of Domestic Violence 353 101. Order No. 2379-2001 of Attorney General Janet Reno, In re: Rodi Alvarado (Jan. 19, 2001), reprinted in Matter of R-A-, 22 I&N Dec. 906 (A.G. 2001; BIA 1999). 102. For a summary of the procedural history of Matter of R-A-, see Joe Whitley, General Counsel, US Dept. Homeland Security, File No. A73 753 922, Dept. of Homeland Security’s Position on Respondent’s Eligibility for Relief, 7-8 (Feb. 19, 2004) (hereinafter “DHS 2/19/04 Brief”), http://cgrs.uchastings.edu/documents/legal/dhs_brief_ra.pdf (accessed August 15, 2006). 103. In re R-A-, 23 I&N Dec. 694 (AG 2005). 104. Form I-589, http://www.uscis.gov/graphics/formsfee/forms/i-589.htm. 105. Id. 106. Memo from Phyllis Coven, Office of International Affairs, INS, to all INS Asylum Office/rs, HQASM Coordinators, Considerations for Asylum Officers Adjudicating Asylum Claims from Women (May 26, 1995), http://cgrs.uchastings.edu/documents/legal/guidelines_us.pdf (accessed August 15, 2006). 107. 8 CFR § 208.7(a)(1). 108. INA § 209, 8 CFR § 209.2. 109. Form I-730, Petition for Refugee/Asylee, http://www.uscis.gov/graphics/ formsfee/forms/files/I-730.htm (modified 9/29/06). 110. 8 CFR § 1003.1(b). 111. INA § 242(a)(1). 112. INA § 208(a)(2)(B). For the government’s analysis of the one-year filing provisions, see INS, Asylum Officer Basic Training Course, One-Year Filing Deadline (2001), http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/united_states/ asylum_officer_training_oneyear_112001.pdf (accessed September 6, 2006). 113. INA § 208(a)(2)(D); 8 CFR § 208.4(a)(4), (5); § 1208.4 (a)(4), (5). 114. INA § 241(b)(3). 115. Cardoza-Fonseca, 480 US at 423; INS v Stevic, 467 US 407 (1984). 116. Cardoza-Fonseca, 480 US at 428-29.
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Representing Immigrant Victims of Domestic Violence 353<br />
101. Order No. 2379-2001 of Attorney General Janet Reno, In re: Rodi<br />
Alvarado (Jan. 19, 2001), reprinted in Matter of R-A-, 22 I&N Dec. 906<br />
(A.G. 2001; BIA 1999).<br />
102. For a summary of the procedural history of Matter of R-A-, see Joe<br />
Whitley, General Counsel, US Dept. Homeland Security, File No. A73 753<br />
922, Dept. of Homeland Security’s Position on Respondent’s Eligibility for<br />
Relief, 7-8 (Feb. 19, 2004) (hereinafter “DHS 2/19/04 Brief”),<br />
http://cgrs.uchastings.edu/documents/legal/dhs_brief_ra.pdf (accessed<br />
August 15, 2006).<br />
103. In re R-A-, 23 I&N Dec. 694 (AG 2005).<br />
104. Form I-589, http://www.uscis.gov/graphics/formsfee/forms/i-589.htm.<br />
105. Id.<br />
106. Memo from Phyllis Coven, Office of International Affairs, INS, to all INS<br />
Asylum Office/rs, HQASM Coordinators, Considerations for Asylum<br />
Officers Adjudicating Asylum Claims from Women (May 26, 1995),<br />
http://cgrs.uchastings.edu/documents/legal/guidelines_us.pdf (accessed<br />
August 15, 2006).<br />
107. 8 CFR § 208.7(a)(1).<br />
108. INA § 209, 8 CFR § 209.2.<br />
109. Form I-730, Petition for Refugee/Asylee, http://www.uscis.gov/graphics/<br />
formsfee/forms/files/I-730.htm (modified 9/29/06).<br />
110. 8 CFR § 1003.1(b).<br />
111. INA § 242(a)(1).<br />
112. INA § 208(a)(2)(B). For the government’s analysis of the one-year filing<br />
provisions, see INS, Asylum Officer Basic Training Course, One-Year<br />
Filing Deadline (2001), http://www.asylumlaw.org/docs/united_states/<br />
asylum_officer_training_oneyear_112001.pdf (accessed September 6,<br />
2006).<br />
113. INA § 208(a)(2)(D); 8 CFR § 208.4(a)(4), (5); § 1208.4 (a)(4), (5).<br />
114. INA § 241(b)(3).<br />
115. Cardoza-Fonseca, 480 US at 423; INS v Stevic, 467 US 407 (1984).<br />
116. Cardoza-Fonseca, 480 US at 428-29.
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