Lawyers Manual - Unified Court System
Lawyers Manual - Unified Court System Lawyers Manual - Unified Court System
262 Amy E. Schwartz and Sharon Stapel about the legislative and policy directives around the FVO. However, despite the great deal of discretion given to DVLs, many clients report that the DVLs do not perceive themselves as having much discretionary power and regularly ask for supervisor approval before granting waivers and exemptions. Although law and policy does not require such approval, the DVLs’ perceived need for it can make the waiver process multi-layered and time-consuming. Family Violence Option Waivers Many of the programmatic requirements have the potential to jeopardize a domestic violence survivor’s safety or the safety of her children. 41 For example, she may need time to secure safer housing, attend counseling, enroll her children in new schools, or organize family affairs. Pursuing child support may disclose her whereabouts to her abuser or incite anger or retaliation. As a result, demanding compliance with requirements such as employment activities or child support cooperation may be difficult or even dangerous, or may frustrate the survivor to such an extent that she considers returning to the abuser. Waivers, intended to provide temporary relief, can be granted for a minimum of four months, but are renewable and should be continued for as long as necessary. 42 Although renewable, waivers are subject to the DVL’s ongoing review43 and must be re-determined at least every six months, and can be modified, terminated or extended at any time. Once a waiver ends, it will automatically expire if it is not renewed. A client may also decline a waiver or terminate an existing waiver at any time. Waivers can be granted to excuse the applicant or recipient from programmatic requirements including, but not limited to: residency rules, child support and paternity establishment and cooperation, employment and work training, participation in alcohol and substance abuse screening and treatment, alien eligibility and deeming requirements, spousal support requirements, minor parent education and living arrangement requirements, and lien requirements. 44 DVLs are also able to grant exemptions from the 60-month lifetime limit for the receipt of TANF-funded public assistance benefits. 45 A DVL may grant a full waiver, which will completely relieve the client of fulfilling any part of a programmatic requirement, or a partial waiver, which has the effect of modifying certain programmatic requirements. Partial waivers are most often seen for child support enforcement and paternity establishment requirements, 46 as well as employment requirements. 47 A “partial child support waiver” allows the agency to proceed with child support collection and enforcement activities, but with certain precautions and limitations intended to
Public Assistance and Housing 263 protect the survivor and her children while support is pursued. 48 For example, while a child support case is proceeding, the DVL may request the Child Support Collection and Enforcement Unit to take steps to maintain confidentiality of certain information about the client or limit the abuser’s contact with the client in court. 49 Partial employment waivers may mandate the client to be involved with work activity, but require her to travel to a different job site outside of her abuser’s community. We have found that minimal advocacy, such as speaking directly to the DVL or sending a compelling advocacy letter on the client’s behalf, often results in the granting of a full or partial waiver. Advocates need to explain clearly and convincingly how domestic violence makes it unsafe for the applicant or recipient to comply with programmatic requirements. These letters must be explicit. For example, “Ms. X is a survivor of domestic violence and needs a waiver” is helpful, but “Ms. X’s abuser is constantly threatening to kill her if he is served with a petition for support. Ms. X’s abuser has in the past acted on his threats to kill her by choking her and hitting her until the police were called or Ms. X managed to escape. If Ms. X’s abuser receives a petition for child support, he will not distinguish between the agency’s actions and Ms. X’s actions. He will blame Ms. X and will likely act on his threats to kill her. Ms. X must be given a permanent full child support waiver to stay safe and to escape her abuser’s threats of violence” is more likely to be successful. If the request for a waiver is denied, or a full waiver was requested but a partial waiver was granted, the client may (and should) pursue a fair hearing. Some communities have alternative programs that do not waive but instead modify the welfare requirements that domestic violence survivors must fulfill. For example, New York City’s Human Resources Administration / Department of Social Services (HRA/DSS) established a pilot project known as ADVENT (the Anti-Domestic Violence Eligibility Needs Team). 50 ADVENT allows survivors in domestic violence shelters to include “domestic-violence related services” when satisfying their work requirement. 51 Advocates should note, however, that a waiver is always more beneficial than a program like ADVENT because applicants or recipients cannot be sanctioned for not fulfilling waived requirements. Confidentiality Concerns Because survivors may be hesitant to share sensitive information with social services agencies, confidentiality safeguards were implemented to address both applicant or recipient information and records. Disclosure of domestic violence
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Public Assistance and Housing 263<br />
protect the survivor and her children while support is pursued. 48 For example,<br />
while a child support case is proceeding, the DVL may request the Child Support<br />
Collection and Enforcement Unit to take steps to maintain confidentiality of<br />
certain information about the client or limit the abuser’s contact with the client in<br />
court. 49 Partial employment waivers may mandate the client to be involved with<br />
work activity, but require her to travel to a different job site outside of her<br />
abuser’s community.<br />
We have found that minimal advocacy, such as speaking directly to the<br />
DVL or sending a compelling advocacy letter on the client’s behalf, often results<br />
in the granting of a full or partial waiver. Advocates need to explain clearly and<br />
convincingly how domestic violence makes it unsafe for the applicant or<br />
recipient to comply with programmatic requirements. These letters must be<br />
explicit. For example, “Ms. X is a survivor of domestic violence and needs a<br />
waiver” is helpful, but “Ms. X’s abuser is constantly threatening to kill her if he<br />
is served with a petition for support. Ms. X’s abuser has in the past acted on his<br />
threats to kill her by choking her and hitting her until the police were called or<br />
Ms. X managed to escape. If Ms. X’s abuser receives a petition for child<br />
support, he will not distinguish between the agency’s actions and Ms. X’s<br />
actions. He will blame Ms. X and will likely act on his threats to kill her. Ms. X<br />
must be given a permanent full child support waiver to stay safe and to escape<br />
her abuser’s threats of violence” is more likely to be successful. If the request<br />
for a waiver is denied, or a full waiver was requested but a partial waiver was<br />
granted, the client may (and should) pursue a fair hearing.<br />
Some communities have alternative programs that do not waive but instead<br />
modify the welfare requirements that domestic violence survivors must fulfill.<br />
For example, New York City’s Human Resources Administration / Department<br />
of Social Services (HRA/DSS) established a pilot project known as ADVENT<br />
(the Anti-Domestic Violence Eligibility Needs Team). 50 ADVENT allows<br />
survivors in domestic violence shelters to include “domestic-violence related<br />
services” when satisfying their work requirement. 51 Advocates should note,<br />
however, that a waiver is always more beneficial than a program like ADVENT<br />
because applicants or recipients cannot be sanctioned for not fulfilling waived<br />
requirements.<br />
Confidentiality Concerns<br />
Because survivors may be hesitant to share sensitive information with social<br />
services agencies, confidentiality safeguards were implemented to address both<br />
applicant or recipient information and records. Disclosure of domestic violence