Sanskrit Vibhaktis--for words ending in consonants
Sanskrit Vibhaktis--for words ending in consonants
Sanskrit Vibhaktis--for words ending in consonants
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sup! àTyy> or ivÉ´y> Cases (Eight <strong>in</strong> Number)<br />
ivÉi´> Case S<strong>in</strong>gular Dual Plural<br />
àwma Nom<strong>in</strong>ative (subject) s! AaE As!<br />
iÖitya Accusative (object) Am! AaE As!<br />
t&tIya Instrumental (by, with) Aa _yam! iÉs!<br />
ctuwI Dative (<strong>for</strong>, to) @ _yam! _ys!<br />
pÂmI Ablative (from) As! _yam! _ys!<br />
;óI Genitive (of) As! Aaes! Aam!<br />
sÝmI Locative (<strong>in</strong>, on, among) # Aaes! su<br />
s
Compare the Nom<strong>in</strong>ative and Accusative Declensions<br />
t! or dœ<br />
c! or j!<br />
M vt!<br />
M An!<br />
M An!<br />
s! AaE As! Am! As!<br />
Nom. S<strong>in</strong>g. N/A Dual Nom. Plural Acc. S<strong>in</strong>g. Acc. Plural<br />
mét!<br />
vakœ<br />
Égvan!<br />
raja<br />
AaTma<br />
métaE<br />
vacaE<br />
ÉgvNtaE<br />
rajanaE<br />
AaTmanaE<br />
mét><br />
vac><br />
ÉgvNt><br />
rjan><br />
AaTman><br />
métm!<br />
vacm!<br />
ÉgvNtm!<br />
rajanm!<br />
AaTmanm!<br />
mét><br />
vac><br />
Égvt><br />
ra}><br />
AaTmn>
Declension <strong>for</strong> Mascul<strong>in</strong>e/Fem<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>e t! or dœ-<strong>end<strong>in</strong>g</strong> Nouns<br />
There are a number of nouns which undergo no change, and are decl<strong>in</strong>ed alike,<br />
whether mascul<strong>in</strong>e or fem<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>e; as ÉUÉ&t! m., mét! m., †zdœ f., etc. (Bhandarakar, p. 97)<br />
mét! m. (W<strong>in</strong>d)<br />
ivÉi´> Case S<strong>in</strong>gular Dual Plural<br />
Nom<strong>in</strong>ative (subject) mét! * métaE mét><br />
marut marutau marutaù<br />
Accusative (object) métm! métaE mét><br />
marutam marutau marutaù<br />
Instrumental (by, with) méta méÑ(am! méiÑ><br />
marutä marudbhyäm marudbhiù<br />
Dative (<strong>for</strong>, to) méte méÑ(am! méÑ(><br />
marute marudbhyäm marudbhyaù<br />
Ablative (from) mét> méÑ(am! méÑ(><br />
marutaù marudbhyäm marudbhyaù<br />
Genitive (of) mét> métae> métam!<br />
marutaù marutoù marutäm<br />
Locative (<strong>in</strong>, on, among) méit métae> méTsu<br />
maruti marutoù marutsu<br />
Vocative mét! métaE mét><br />
marut marutau marutaù<br />
* When there are more <strong>consonants</strong> than one at the end of a word, the first is reta<strong>in</strong>ed and<br />
the others dropped; as mét! with s! becomes méTs!, but s! is dropped and the <strong>for</strong>m is mét! .<br />
(Bh. 97)
Declension <strong>for</strong> Mascul<strong>in</strong>e/Fem<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>e c! or j! (c or j)-<strong>end<strong>in</strong>g</strong> Nouns<br />
vac! f. (Speech)<br />
ivÉi´> Case S<strong>in</strong>gular Dual Plural<br />
Nom<strong>in</strong>ative (subject) vakœ * vacaE vac><br />
väk väcau väcaù<br />
Accusative (object) vacm! vacaE vac><br />
väcam väcau väcaù<br />
Instrumental (by, with) vaca vaG_yam! * vaiGÉ><br />
väcä vägbhyäm vägbhiù<br />
Dative (<strong>for</strong>, to) vace vaG_yam! vaG_y><br />
väce vägbhyäm vägbhyaù<br />
Ablative (from) vac> vaG_yam! vaG_y><br />
väcaù vägbhyäm vägbhyaù<br />
Genitive (of) vac> vacae> vacam!<br />
väcaù väcoù väcäm<br />
Locative (<strong>in</strong>, on, among) vaic vacae> va]u **<br />
väci väcoù väkñu<br />
Vocative vakœ vacaE vac><br />
väk väcau väcaù<br />
* The f<strong>in</strong>al c! or j! is changed to kœ when followed by a hard consonant or by noth<strong>in</strong>g and g!<br />
when followed by a soft consonant.<br />
** s! follow<strong>in</strong>g a vowel except A and Aa or a letter of the gutteral class, or rœ generally becomes<br />
;! .
Declension <strong>for</strong> Mascul<strong>in</strong>e vt! or mt! (vat or mat) -<strong>end<strong>in</strong>g</strong> Nouns<br />
Égvt! m.<br />
ivÉi´> Case S<strong>in</strong>gular Dual Plural<br />
Nom<strong>in</strong>ative (subject) Égvan! * ÉgvNtaE ÉgvNt><br />
bhagavän bhagavantau bhagavantaù<br />
Accusative (object) ÉgvNtm! ÉgvNtaE Égvt><br />
bhagavantam bhagavantau bhagavataù<br />
Instrumental (by, with) Égvta ÉgvÑ(am! ÉgviÑ><br />
bhagavantam bhagavantau bhagavataù<br />
Dative (<strong>for</strong>, to) Égvte ÉgvÑ(am! ÉgvÑ(><br />
bhagavate bhagavadbhyäm bhagavadbhyaù<br />
Ablative (from) Égvt> ÉgvÑ(am! ÉgvÑ(><br />
bhagavataù bhagavadbhyäm bhagavadbhyaù<br />
Genitive (of) Égvt> Égvtae> Égvtam!<br />
bhagavataù bhagavatoù bhagavatäm<br />
Locative (<strong>in</strong>, on, among) Égvit Égvtae> ÉGvTsu<br />
bhagavati bhagavatoù bhagvatsu<br />
Vocative Égvn! ÉgvNtaE ÉgvNt><br />
bhagavan bhagavantau bhagavantaù<br />
* Nouns end <strong>in</strong> vt! or mt! when mascul<strong>in</strong>e prefix a n! to the f<strong>in</strong>al t! <strong>in</strong> the first five <strong>in</strong>flections.
Declension <strong>for</strong> Mascul<strong>in</strong>e An! (an) - <strong>end<strong>in</strong>g</strong> Nouns<br />
rajn! m. (K<strong>in</strong>g)<br />
ivÉi´> Case S<strong>in</strong>gular Dual Plural<br />
Nom<strong>in</strong>ative (subject) raja rajanaE rjan><br />
räjä räjänau rajänaù<br />
Accusative (object) rajanm! rajanaE ra}> *<br />
räjänam räjänau räjïaù<br />
Instrumental (by, with) ra}a raj_yam! rajiÉ><br />
räjïä räjabhyäm räjabhiù<br />
Dative (<strong>for</strong>, to) ra}e raj_yam! raj_y><br />
räjïe räjabhyäm räjabhyaù<br />
Ablative (from) ra}> raj_yam! raj_y><br />
räjïaù räjabhyäm räjabhyaù<br />
Genitive (of) ra}> ra}ae> ra}am!<br />
räjïaù räjïoù räjïäm<br />
Locative (<strong>in</strong>, on, among) rai} raj<strong>in</strong>* ra}ae> rajsu<br />
räjïi räjani räjïoù räjasu<br />
Vocative rajn! rajanaE rajan><br />
räjan räjänau räjänaù<br />
* A is dropped be<strong>for</strong>e the vowel term<strong>in</strong>ations beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g with As! of the accusative plural but not<br />
<strong>in</strong> cases where the A is preceded by a conjunct consonant of which m! or v! is the f<strong>in</strong>al member.
See AaTmn! below. This rule is applied optionally <strong>in</strong> the locative s<strong>in</strong>gular of mascul<strong>in</strong>e and neuter<br />
nouns.<br />
Declension <strong>for</strong> Mascul<strong>in</strong>e An! (an)-<strong>end<strong>in</strong>g</strong> Nouns<br />
AaTmn! m. (Self)<br />
ivÉi´> Case S<strong>in</strong>gular Dual Plural<br />
Nom<strong>in</strong>ative (subject) AaTma AaTmanaE AaTman><br />
ätmä ätmänau ätmänaù<br />
Accusative (object) AaTmanm! AaTmanaE AaTmn> *<br />
ätmänam ätmänau ätmanaù<br />
Instrumental (by, with) AaTmna AaTm_yam! AaTmiÉ><br />
ätmanä ätmabhyäm ätmabhiù<br />
Dative (<strong>for</strong>, to) AaTmne AaTm_yam! AaTm_y><br />
ätmane ätmabhyäm ätmabhyaù<br />
Ablative (from) AaTmn> AaTm_yam! AaTm_y><br />
ätmanaù ätmabhyäm ätmabhyaù<br />
Genitive (of) AaTmn> AaTmnae> AaTmnam!<br />
ätmanaù ätmanoù ätmanäm<br />
Locative (<strong>in</strong>, on, among) AaTm<strong>in</strong> AaTmnae> AaTmsu<br />
ätmani ätmanoù ätmasu<br />
Vocative AaTmn! AaTmanaE AaTman><br />
ätman ätmänau ätmänaù<br />
* A is dropped be<strong>for</strong>e the vowel term<strong>in</strong>ations beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g with As! of the accusative plural but not<br />
<strong>in</strong> cases where the A is preceded by a conjunct consonant of which m! or v! is the f<strong>in</strong>al member.
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