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892 Index Written texts: Japan, 758–774 and educational works, 767–768 and initiation documents, 763–764 and martial art treatises, 764–767 and war tales, 761–762 and warrior exploits, 762 See also Archery, Japanese; Budô, bujutsu, and bugei; individual texts; Japan; Kendô; Koryû bugei; Religion and spiritual development: Japan; Sword, Japanese; Swordsmanship, Japanese WTF. See World Taekwondo Federation Wu, 621 Wu Bei Zhi (Account of Military Arts and Science), 809 Wu Chengqing, 620 Wu, Emperor, 706 Wu Hong, Emperor, 289 Wu Jianquan, 621 Wu Mei, 131, 674, 783 Wu Mei (Ng Mui), 127–128, 781–782, 815 Wu Qin Xi (Five Animals Play), 791–792 Wu Quanyou, 621 Wu Ruqing, 620 Wu San Niang, 674 Wu Xingui, 247 Wu Yuxiang, 130–131, 620, 621, 746 Wu Zetian, Empress, 689 Wudang, 23 Wudang Boxing, 121 Wu/Hao, 621 Wujing Zongyao, 68 Wun Hop Kuen Do, 221, 222 Wurzburg, Bishop of, 801 Wushu, 43, 65, 66. See also Boxing, Chinese Wuyi, 65 WWF. See World Wrestling Federation WWWF. See World Wide Wrestling Federation Xena: Warrior Princess, 555, 804 Xenophon, 448 Xia, 790 Xiang Kairan, 823 Xiangpu, 199 Xiao Hong Quan (little red fist), 38 Xiaowu, Emperor, 457 Xie Zhongxiang, 243–244, 246, 366 Xin Tangshu (The New History of the Tang Dynasty), 181 Xing, 135. See also Form/xing/kata/pattern practice Xingyi, 24, 121 and folk hero legends, 130 Xingyi boxing, 16–17 Xingyiquan (hsing i ch’uan), 13, 38, 70, 130, 461, 775–779, 816 history of, 775 and kung fu, 313 and meditation, 336 and qi, 261 and training, 777, 778 and weapons, 777–778 See also Baguazhang (pa kua ch’uan); Boxing, Chinese; External vs. internal chinese martial arts; Ki/qi; Taijiquan (tai chi ch’uan) Xu Chenglie, 823 Xu Fulin, 823 Xu Xuanping, 618 Xu Yusheng, 824 Xuan Zong, 794 Xy Yiping, 823 Ya, 20 Yabiku Môden, 234, 290, 823 Yabu Kentsû, 242 Yabusame, 19 Yagi Meitoku, 248, 290 Yagli, 113 Yagli-Gures, 341–342 Yagyû Munenori, 765, 766–767 Yakusoku kumite, 826 Yakuza, 809 Yale, 819 Yamada, 242 Yamada Tatsuô, 257 Yamaga Sôkô, 493, 763 Yamaguchi, Paul, 258 Yamaguchi Yoshimi (Gôgen), 131–132, 235, 238–239, 248 Yamamoto Kanzuke, 763 Yamamoto Tsunetomo, 812 Yamaoka Tesshû, 496–497 Yamashita dôkutsujin, 363 Yamashita, Yoshiaka, 211–213 Yamato damashii (the Japanese spirit), 90 Yamato-ryû, 811 Yamazato, 242 Yan Si (Yim Yee), 782 Yan Yongchun, 782 Yan Yuan, 29 Yang, 328, 667, 796
Yang Aner, 691 Yang Banhou, 620–621 Yang Chengfu, 621, 624 Yang Family, 618, 621 Yang Jianhou, 621, 824 Yang Jwing-Ming, 39 Yang Luchan, 620–621 Yang Shaohou, 621 Yangtze River, 32 Yara Chatan, 242 Yasen kanna (Hakuin Ekaku), 492 Yasumaru Yoshio, 494 Yasushi, Aizawa, 58 Yatra Brahmans, 176 Yazawa Isako, 694, 700 Yedo Kumbup, 600 Yellow Emperor (Huang Di), 124, 492, 705, 728, 787 “The Yellow Wallpaper” (Gilman), 678 Yi Dok-Mu, 294, 299, 816 Yi He Tuan (Righteous Harmonious Fist), 437 Yi Sŏng-ji, 603 Yi Sŭng-Man, 605 Yijing (I Ching; Book of Changes), 188, 328, 493, 618, 731, 788, 790, 798, 808 Yin, 328 Yin family, 23 Yin Fu, 23 Yin Yang, 23 Yin-yang symbol, 206 Yin-yang theory, 745–746, 790 Yip Chun, 674, 815 Yip Man, 203, 783, 784–785 Yiquan, 130 YMCA. See Young Men’s Christian Association Yoga, 24, 228, 229, 239, 425, 467, 468–470, 753 and performing arts, 421 Yoga Sutra of Patanjali, 469–470 Yogi Jitsuei, 238, 248 Yogis, 470 Yokoyama Sakujirô, 768 Yon Mu Kwan, 157 Yong In University, 296 Yongchun County Gazetteer, 691 Yongchun (wing chun), 38, 121, 131, 548, 674, 781–786, 815, 828 history of, 781–784 and technique, 784–785 and weapons, 784 See also Boxing, Chinese; Boxing, Chinese Shaolin; Folklore in the martial arts; Women in the martial arts: China; Written texts: China Yonten Gyatso, 808 York, archibishop of, 454 York Barbell, 826 Yoshi and Company, 422 Yoshiaki, 517 Yoshikawa Eiji, 762 Yoshimasa, 196–197 Yoshimitsu, 196–197 Yoshinaka, 668, 799 Yoshinkan Aikidô, 15 Yôshin-ryû, 211–212 Young, Mae, 740 Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), 89, 532, 819, 821, 825 and boxing, 46 Shanghai Chinese, 824 Young, Terence, 153 Young, Thomas, 258 Your Physique, 826 Youth Games, 666 Yu Dayou, 747 Yu Kwon Sool, 159 Yu Sool, 159, 161 Yu Yang Za Zu (Miscellaneous Fare from Yu Yang) (Duan Cheng), 795 Yuan Ying, 460–461 Yubi Lakpi, 642 Yudaoshi, 20 Yudô College, 296 Yue Fei, 129–130, 130–131, 775 Yue Kong, 460 Yugaeri, 20 Yugake, 20 Yugamae, 20 Yumi, 20 Yun Pyung-In, 296 Yung Geka, 296 Yungjo, Emperor, 598 Yûryaku, Emperor, 181, 730 Zaiteki, 20 Zanshin, 20 Zappas, Evangelios, 820 Zarrilli, Phillip, 421–422 Zbyszko, Stanislaus, 738 Zeami, 196 Zebra dance, 8 Zen and Japanese Culture (Suzuki), 483 Zen Buddhism, 126, 455, 460, 472, 482–484, 488, 492, 495–496, 497, 730, 794 and meditation, 336–337 and sword, Japanese, 568–569 See also Buddhism Index 893
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Martial Arts of the World
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Copyright © 2001 by Thomas A. Gree
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vi Contents Japanese Martial Arts,
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Editorial Board D’Arcy Jonathan D
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Bill Adams Director, Bill Adams Fit
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Kimberley Taylor University of Guel
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xvi Introduction the sword” in Eu
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xviii Introduction References Frida
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Africa and African America Although
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a range of up to 80 meters. The wou
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the competitors. In this respect, t
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Beginning in 1415, after the Portug
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Many African combat systems relied
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as a result of similar circumstance
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eturn strike; rather, the practitio
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Ranking in most aikidô dôjô is b
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The magic monkey Songoku from a Chi
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A young woman aims at a barrel of s
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See also Kendô; Religion and Spiri
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Baguazhang is closely associated wi
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26 Bandô ———. 1984. The Mast
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Chinese children in a martial arts
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A modern picture of a Buddhist mona
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32 Boxing, Chinese Shaolin Styles L
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A 74-year-old Buddhist monk practic
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Grand Master Rich Mooney demonstrat
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38 Boxing, Chinese Shaolin Styles h
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40 Boxing, Chinese Shaolin Styles m
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42 Boxing, Chinese Shaolin Styles (
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44 Boxing, European See also Animal
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46 Boxing, European marked the end
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48 Boxing, European If there is one
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50 Boxing, European practicality an
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52 Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Gilbey, John
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54 Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu papers his w
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56 Budô, Bujutsu, and Bugei autono
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58 Budô, Bujutsu, and Bugei Meiji-
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Capoeira Capoeira is a Brazilian ma
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quiring knowledge of capoeira and t
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early 1990s. By the late 1990s capo
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The entries on archery, straight sw
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Contemporary literature provides a
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eral policies in recent years have
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Clovis, one of the earliest Frankis
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A candidate for knighthood, after s
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though the weapons were blunted, th
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wise counsel, attacked the Turkish
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and elevated courtly love to a form
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Combatives: Military and Police Mar
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during the 1870s, as did the Japane
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and 1930s, comic books and movies f
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he beat up the British Resident. Th
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And, with decolonization on the hor
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Coe, Michael D., Peter Connolly, An
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United States Army. 1992. Field Man
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98 Dueling duels in late eighteenth
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100 Dueling the upper class, but it
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102 Dueling tribal level of sociopo
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104 Dueling was equipped with a coa
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106 Dueling theories are different,
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108 Dueling See also Gunfighters; M
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110 Europe system dates to the Egyp
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An armored ninthcentury Franconian
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An old German woodcut illustrating
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116 Europe handsprings, cartwheels,
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118 Europe the art vary, it is gene
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elow the navel) by physical and spi
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122 External vs. Internal Chinese M
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124 Folklore in the Martial Arts la
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126 Folklore in the Martial Arts sy
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128 Folklore in the Martial Arts ve
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130 Folklore in the Martial Arts a
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132 Folklore in the Martial Arts tr
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134 Folklore in the Martial Arts wi
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Women at an annual martial arts fes
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138 Form/Xing/Kata/Pattern Practice
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In any event, one should probably n
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142 Gladiators in every province of
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144 Gladiators protection, was ligh
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146 Gladiators The question, of cou
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148 Gongfu Although providing marti
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A late-nineteenthcentury engraving
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152 Gunfighters (quoted in Horan 19
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154 Gunfighters fine art” (Cunnin
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Hankuk Haedong Kumdô See Swordsman
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and kyûdô (Japanese Archery). Kor
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ecome other thoughts. In combat app
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this ideology by a word meaning “
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largely the creation of heralds, wh
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Christendom gradually acquired the
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Iaidô Iaidô is the Japanese marti
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the imaginary blood is flicked off
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Watanabe, Tadashige. 1993. Shinkage
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for infantry; and for wrestling), a
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named after dynamic animals such as
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Japan The historical development an
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Warfare, Politics, and Society Warf
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egion (present-day Nara prefecture)
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of the Taira and the Minamoto as vi
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winds that blew the invading armada
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would be punished. The kenka ryô s
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improve their arsenal of weapons us
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fact, some of these weapons were co
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The periodic emphasis on the ideal
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of the bloody Ônin War (1467-1477)
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Berry, Marry Elizabeth. 1994. The C
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Yuanyun (1587-1671, usually pronoun
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for I strongly object to formality,
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searched and experimented with othe
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Bruce Lee said that Jeet Kune Do wa
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In 1996, Lee’s widow, Linda Lee C
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the “all-pervading” jûdô prin
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Naturally, it was immediately compa
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(jûdô practitioner). Older system
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———. 1994. Kôdôkan Judo. 19
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220 Kajukenbo Joseph Holck, a black
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222 Kajukenbo nese, and the Japanes
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224 Kajukenbo Kajukenbo techniques
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Satish Kumar (left) and Shri Ajit (
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228 Kalarippayattu though clearly r
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230 Kalarippayattu given to applica
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232 Kali Kali See Philippines Karat
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234 Karate, Japanese where he recei
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236 Karate, Japanese pseudonym, Sh
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238 Karate, Japanese terminology fo
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240 Karate, Okinawan ———. 199
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242 Karate, Okinawan gested to the
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244 Karate, Okinawan shionna Kanry
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246 Karate, Okinawan sible for havi
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248 Karate, Okinawan returned to Ok
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250 Kendô In the late Kamakura and
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252 Kendô only noted fencers from
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254 Kendô leadership, ability in j
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Japanese men and women practicing K
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258 Kenpô Kempô grand master, the
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260 Ki/Qi See also Kajukenbo; Karat
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262 Ki/Qi jujitsu. Martial artists
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264 Knights crossbow, or harquebus.
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266 Knights tury, when the benefice
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268 Knights vided with support in t
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270 Knights adopt those hereditary
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272 Knights hope of being knighted
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274 Knights acquire dominions and f
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276 Knights which time the tourname
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278 Knights their own troop and fou
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280 Knights Germany were probably f
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282 Knights glect. Instead, many ne
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284 Knights From the beginning of t
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286 Kobudô, Okinawan Kobudô, Okin
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288 Kobudô, Okinawan Japanese Infl
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290 Kobudô, Okinawan various forms
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Winners of an archery contest in Ko
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294 Korea fucianism so completely t
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296 Korea nese withdrawal. Moreover
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298 Korea KTA and changed the name
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including Ming general Qi Jiguang
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302 Koryû Bugei, Japanese koryû b
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304 Koryû Bugei, Japanese student
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306 Krav Maga Krav Maga Krav maga (
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Krav Maga practitioners are taught
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powerless for a few seconds while t
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Krav maga has been called the “fi
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Two young women demonstrate Chinese
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318 Masters of Defence and-death en
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320 Masters of Defence “Masters o
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322 Masters of Defence ing both in
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324 Masters of Defence naissance sp
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326 Masters of Defence the classic
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328 Medicine, Traditional Chinese f
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330 Medicine, Traditional Chinese s
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332 Medicine, Traditional Chinese o
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334 Medicine, Traditional Chinese
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A sculpture of Buddha in seated med
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338 Middle East Maliszewski, Michae
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340 Middle East ture battles. The c
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342 Middle East The oil obviously m
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344 Mongolia to gain punching power
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Two Inner Mongolian wrestlers await
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348 Mongolia range of up to 500 yar
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350 Muay Thai Sinor, Denis. 1990. T
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352 Muay Thai (Praditbatuga 2000).
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354 Muay Thai Ron Smith emphasizes
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356 Ninjutsu ninja boom that spread
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358 Ninjutsu Nobunaga in Kyoto in 1
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360 Ninjutsu out fatigue, breath co
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Okinawa Okinawa means a “rope in
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Sensei Ty Yocham of the Texas Okina
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source in Okinawa. The family opera
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A meeting of a branch of the Knight
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it one of the largest and most wide
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the Teutonic Knights of the Hospita
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in 1211 and had just been expelled
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the Knightly Order of St. George, f
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tallers of St. John wore a habit an
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some places grand priories, includi
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cipline was enforced by written reg
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though they normally included men f
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emony (principally the Knights of t
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and Order of the Young Male Falcon,
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took it upon themselves to promote
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Castilian court. Before he could co
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William, and St. George of the Peli
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cieties. One order—that of the Sh
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order in 1344, there can be little
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minion or domain, the monarchical o
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404 Pacific Islands to fight well t
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406 Pacific Islands was developed f
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408 Pacific Islands Hawaiians inclu
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410 Pankration References Balent, M
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412 Pankration feet were permitted.
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414 Pankration dent hit correctly,
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416 Pankration With the explosion o
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An opera singer in full costume wav
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420 Performing Arts can be impossib
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422 Philippines now internationally
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Warrior tribesmen of the Philippine
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426 Philippines his people. Althoug
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428 Philippines Also in the first c
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430 Philippines While the sixth cat
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432 Philippines curer (seruhana, ar
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434 Philippines Besides reasons of
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A painting of a burning station and
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A photo of the Ghost Dance of the A
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440 Political Conflict and the Mart
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442 Political Conflict and the Mart
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Martial Arts of the World
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Copyright © 2001 by Thomas A. Gree
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vi Contents Karate, Okinawan, 240 K
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A Note on Romanization In 1979, the
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Taekwondo students wear colored bel
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for every battle, but whenever a ma
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century the cross was introduced wh
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the mobilization of an expedition t
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desire of Christian princes to main
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The martial arts probably more ofte
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Shaolin Monastery, established in A
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ing on boxing to try to bring it up
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See also Boxing, Chinese; Boxing, C
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An Indian miniature of the defeat o
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In terms of formalized religious pr
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from these austerities is thought t
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Sutra of Patanjali, give scant ment
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Religion and Spiritual Development:
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tention to the relationships among
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from firsthand knowledge of their o
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spread throughout the world. It rea
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ity just as warriors (bushi [24]) o
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To counter the influence of the Bri
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Herrigel spoke each other’s langu
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Japan. Variation by region and soci
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to deliver the labor and taxes dema
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and gods and all creatures. Success
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Aside from magical spells, the alch
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Over time, the Confucian ideals pro
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a means of acquiring status. Lackin
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498 Religion and Spiritual Developm
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500 Religion and Spiritual Developm
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502 Religion and Spiritual Developm
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504 Religion and Spiritual Developm
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Sambo Sambo is an acronym (in Russi
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A crowd intently watches a wrestlin
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Upravlenije; State Intelligence Age
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In addition to this ranking system,
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A portrait of three men in Japan dr
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Godaigo, issued a call to arms agai
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Mass, Jeffrey P. 1989. Lordship and
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style. One should note that at this
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teach the techniques and logic of a
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are launched from very low stances,
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acteristics in regional styles of p
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gion of Indonesia and most of the p
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nese martial arts. The latter theor
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Medieval judicial combat, trial by
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“Philopoemen,” the Roman morali
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References Alford, Violet. 1962. Sw
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The earliest history of the region
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een effected. Struggles between Sia
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tions, silat has been an element of
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An advertisement for Burmese boxing
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and unlike contemporary Krabi krabo
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modeled on the spurring talons of t
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Ryan, N. J. 1976. A History of Mala
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English actor, producer, and direct
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moves, the actors and the choreogra
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a gibbet immediately outside the li
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lades being replaced by an ash stic
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techniques have been part of savate
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tises that stickfighting competitio
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Dressed in traditional garb, sword-
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As a result of the first invasion,
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Zen masters, however, did not thems
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strength, stamina, and ferociousnes
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and actively, defensively and offen
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to stand up against increasingly he
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there were three principal actions
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to the Eighteenth Century. 1885. Re
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the period clearly demonstrates tha
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sponse to the use of cut-and-thrust
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the late Renaissance as a personal
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classical fencing and sport fencing
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evolved over more than two thousand
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(third-fifth centuries A.D.), when
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A color woodblock print of a duel b
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Another form subscribed to combat s
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tainment that belongs in samurai mo
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Hankuk Haedong Kumdô students Glen
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through their perceptions, understa
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T’aek’kyŏn T’aek’kyŏn is
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distinct identity, with a common fo
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Page 637 and 638:
Each t’aek’kyŏn association in
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Page 639 and 640:
Side kick delivered by Miss Kim, ca
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Page 641 and 642:
In 1955, General Choi Hong-Hi, know
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Page 643 and 644:
ing, as it is successful kicks that
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Page 645 and 646:
plexus, and ribs; and groin protect
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Page 647 and 648:
emphasis is placed on tournament fi
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Page 649 and 650:
Group practice of taijiquan in Beij
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Page 651 and 652:
Yang Chengfu made the form smooth,
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Page 653 and 654:
powerful larger, sweeping, striking
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Page 655 and 656:
tablished. The earth’s energy/for
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Page 657 and 658:
Choreographed two-person sets are a
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Page 659 and 660:
———. 1983. T’ai-Chi Touchst
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Page 661 and 662:
Two Kachin tribesmen near Bhamo, My
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Page 663 and 664:
Branches of Thaing Bandô, the most
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Page 665 and 666:
Outside Myanmar, thaing is represen
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Page 667 and 668:
martial art. As a result, its metho
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Page 669 and 670:
Advanced acrobatic and sword skills
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Page 671 and 672:
and those warriors who possess this
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Page 673 and 674:
Doshi, Saryu, ed. 1989. Dances of M
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Page 675 and 676:
Practitioners of kendô, the Japane
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Page 677 and 678:
Varma Ati Tamil term literally tran
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Page 679 and 680:
in this system. There are three set
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Page 681 and 682:
One day [Chattambi Swamigal] was on
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Page 683 and 684:
vinam’s popularity is demonstrate
-
Page 685 and 686:
1964, Viet Vo Dao was added to the
-
Page 687:
senior master of Vovinam. Worldwide
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Page 690 and 691:
660 Warrior Monks, Japanese/Sôhei
-
Page 692 and 693:
662 Warrior Monks, Japanese/Sôhei
-
Page 694 and 695:
664 Wing Chun Ch’uan Renondeau, G
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Page 696 and 697:
666 Women in the Martial Arts ity o
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Page 698 and 699:
A depiction of the mighty female wa
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Page 700 and 701:
670 Women in the Martial Arts About
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Page 702 and 703:
672 Women in the Martial Arts About
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Page 704 and 705:
674 Women in the Martial Arts boxin
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Page 706 and 707:
676 Women in the Martial Arts named
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Page 708 and 709:
678 Women in the Martial Arts weak
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Page 710 and 711:
680 Women in the Martial Arts in wh
-
Page 712 and 713:
682 Women in the Martial Arts Freem
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Page 714 and 715:
Yip, Chun, with Danny Connor. 1993.
-
Page 716 and 717:
Women boxers in Washington, ca. 197
-
Page 718 and 719:
participation and success by women
-
Page 720 and 721:
A woman in Beijing performing a wus
-
Page 722 and 723:
692 Women in the Martial Arts: Japa
-
Page 724 and 725:
694 Women in the Martial Arts: Japa
-
Page 726 and 727:
696 Women in the Martial Arts: Japa
-
Page 728 and 729:
698 Women in the Martial Arts: Japa
-
Page 730 and 731:
700 Women in the Martial Arts: Japa
-
Page 732 and 733:
702 Women in the Martial Arts: Japa
-
Page 734 and 735:
704 Women in the Martial Arts: Japa
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Page 736 and 737:
706 Wrestling and Grappling: China
-
Page 738 and 739:
708 Wrestling and Grappling: China
-
Page 740 and 741:
710 Wrestling and Grappling: Europe
-
Page 742 and 743:
712 Wrestling and Grappling: Europe
-
Page 744 and 745:
714 Wrestling and Grappling: Europe
-
Page 746 and 747:
716 Wrestling and Grappling: Europe
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Page 748 and 749:
718 Wrestling and Grappling: Europe
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Page 750 and 751:
720 Wrestling and Grappling: India
-
Page 752 and 753:
722 Wrestling and Grappling: India
-
Page 754 and 755:
724 Wrestling and Grappling: India
-
Page 756 and 757:
726 Wrestling and Grappling: India
-
Page 758 and 759:
728 Wrestling and Grappling: Japan
-
Page 760 and 761:
730 Wrestling and Grappling: Japan
-
Page 762 and 763:
732 Wrestling and Grappling: Japan
-
Page 764 and 765:
734 Wrestling and Grappling: Japan
-
Page 766 and 767:
736 Wrestling, Professional In Irel
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Page 768 and 769:
738 Wrestling, Professional Russian
-
Page 770 and 771:
740 Wrestling, Professional les and
-
Page 772 and 773:
742 Wrestling, Professional 1987 th
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Page 774 and 775:
744 Wrestling, Professional Editors
-
Page 776 and 777:
746 Written Texts: China ual change
-
Page 778 and 779:
748 Written Texts: China See also B
-
Page 780 and 781:
750 Written Texts: India of local m
-
Page 782 and 783:
752 Written Texts: India Beginning
-
Page 784 and 785:
754 Written Texts: India sourcebook
-
Page 786 and 787:
756 Written Texts: India skritized
-
Page 788 and 789:
758 Written Texts: Japan Hart, Geor
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Page 790 and 791:
Early-fourteenth-century scroll fra
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Page 792 and 793:
762 Written Texts: Japan ture of he
-
Page 794 and 795:
764 Written Texts: Japan of them ha
-
Page 796 and 797:
766 Written Texts: Japan inkblots w
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Page 798 and 799:
768 Written Texts: Japan the develo
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Page 800 and 801:
770 Written Texts: Japan Suzuki, Da
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Page 802 and 803:
772 Written Texts: Japan
-
Page 805 and 806:
Xingyiquan (Hsing I Ch’uan) Of th
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Page 807 and 808:
A student practices xingyiquan at t
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Page 809:
Tang, Sun Lu. 1993. Xing Yi Quan Xu
-
Page 812 and 813:
Undated photo of the legendary Gran
-
Page 814 and 815:
784 Yongchun/Wing Chun changer). Ch
-
Page 816 and 817:
786 Yongchun/Wing Chun Green, Thoma
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Page 818 and 819:
About 1500 B.C. Near the ford at Ja
-
Page 820 and 821:
About 460 B.C. The Hellenic histori
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Page 822 and 823:
141 cont. animals themselves, the a
-
Page 824 and 825:
Eighth century Vishnaivite monks li
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Page 826 and 827:
Tenth century A Punjabi weaver call
-
Page 828 and 829:
1077 The Song-dynasty scholar Zhao
-
Page 830 and 831:
1191 Chinese mathematicians start e
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Page 832 and 833:
About 1345 cont. on the fifth hour
-
Page 834 and 835:
1416 cont. Chinese destroyed it in
-
Page 836 and 837:
About 1540 East Asian patent medici
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Page 838 and 839:
1570 By doing single backward aeria
-
Page 840 and 841:
1624 Needing sugar to make their gi
-
Page 842 and 843:
1671 cont. tradition his discussion
-
Page 844 and 845:
About 1755 Toward reducing the risk
-
Page 846 and 847:
1780 cont. though they worked well,
-
Page 848 and 849:
About 1830 Irish immigrants introdu
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Page 850 and 851:
1858 On October 13, an Austin, Texa
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Page 852 and 853:
1881 The Japanese army replaces neo
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Page 854 and 855:
1911 soldier with patriotic conform
-
Page 856 and 857:
1932 An El Paso saddler named Sam M
-
Page 858 and 859:
1952 cont. progress. Therefore the
-
Page 860 and 861:
Alter, Joseph S. 1992. The Wrestler
-
Page 862 and 863:
Gies, Frances, and Joseph Gies. 199
-
Page 864 and 865:
Maenchen-Helfen, Otto J. 1973. The
-
Page 866 and 867:
Runciman, Stephen. 1980. The First
-
Page 869 and 870:
AAU. See Amateur Athletic Union ABA
-
Page 871 and 872:
and spiritual development: Japan Ar
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Page 873 and 874:
Bond, James, 89 Bonebreaking (hakih
-
Page 875 and 876:
Cambodia, 541-542 history of, 541-5
-
Page 877 and 878:
Choi Yong-Shul, 157, 159, 160, 296
-
Page 879 and 880:
Dandi, 176 Dang Vu Hy, 652 Dangals,
-
Page 881 and 882:
Espada y daga, 560 Espinosa, Leo, 5
-
Page 883 and 884:
Fundai, 188 Funeral games, 788 Fune
-
Page 885 and 886:
Guts Muths, Johann, 816 Gymnasiums,
-
Page 887 and 888:
and dueling, 99-100 and social uses
-
Page 889 and 890:
and battle, engaging in, 193 and Br
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Page 891 and 892:
303, 445-446, 478-479, 768, 822, 82
-
Page 893 and 894:
Kobayashi Seiko, 702 Kobudô, 823 K
-
Page 895 and 896:
Emperor Li Tsun-I, 23-24 Li Yiyu, 6
-
Page 897 and 898:
May Day, 801 Maybray, John C., 738
-
Page 899 and 900:
Motobu Chôyû, 258, 365 Motte, Mad
-
Page 901 and 902:
Nomi-no-Sukune, 729 Nonaction (wuwe
-
Page 903 and 904:
Oshchepkov, Vasilij Sergevich, 88,
-
Page 905 and 906:
Popes and dueling, 105 Popular pres
-
Page 907 and 908:
Ring names, 808 Ringeck, Sigmund, 3
-
Page 909 and 910:
Self-Defense Krav Maga, 310 Self-De
-
Page 911 and 912:
Song Shuming, 824 Song Tŏk-ki, 604
-
Page 913 and 914:
and gladiators, 142 in Japan, 478-4
-
Page 915 and 916:
Temple guardians, 794 Temple of Ang
-
Page 917 and 918:
Tyrs, Miroslav, 820 Tyson, Mike, 74
-
Page 919 and 920:
Weapons and Africa, 1-3 and aikidô
-
Page 921:
and tournaments, 706 and training,
-
Page 925:
About the Author Thomas A. Green ea
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