Martial Arts Of The World - Webs
Martial Arts Of The World - Webs Martial Arts Of The World - Webs
216 Jûdô styles (such as the Israeli krav maga) that descend in part from military commando training, and sport grappling or “submission” styles, including Brazil’s Gracie Jiu-jitsu, owe a considerable debt to jûdô. Worldwide, military and police trainers have seen the advantages of jûdô for unarmed hand-to-hand combat and have integrated it into their programs of instruction almost from the beginning of the twentieth century. Jûdô movements are not as inhibited by typical battle dress as are the techniques of many other martial arts, while the presentation of the art in a physicaleducation format has made it easier for military instructors to adopt (and adapt to their own ends) than the more esoteric curricula of other styles might have been. Wrestling or submission styles, meanwhile, profited both from direct instruction by jûdôka and by interaction with the new jûdô techniques and strategies they encountered. Kanô student Mitsuyo Maeda, one of the jûdôka assigned to bring the new art to the West in the first decade of the twentieth century, accepted both jûdô challenges and matches as a professional wrestler, and was the original instructor of the formidable Gracie family of Brazil (where Maeda was known as Conte Comte [also Conde Koma], the “Count of Combat”). Renowned wrestler George Hackenschmidt, meanwhile, declined to accept challenges from jûdôka (probably because, as world heavyweight champion, he had nothing to win and everything to lose in a bout with the much smaller Japanese who challenged him) but recommended training in jûdô, as well as Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestling, for any serious grappler. He saw the development of excellent balance, as well as the unique “idea” of the style (by which he probably meant the jû principle), as invaluable benefits of training. Jûdô advocates commonly add that jûdô includes the benefits of most traditional Asian martial arts and adds to them those of a modern, competitive, full-contact (but safe) sport. Dr. Kanô’s jûdô continues to enjoy a prominent place among the world’s martial arts, and while it may not always manifest his original ideals in practice, it remains the most successful fusion to date of Oriental martial art with Western principles of physical education. William J. Long See also Japanese Martial Arts, Chinese Influences on; Wrestling and Grappling: Japan References Cunningham, Steven. 1996. “A Brief Look at the Root Arts of Judo.” Available at http://judo1.net/ju01001.htm. Inokuma, Isao, and Nobuyuki Sato. 1987. Best Judo. Reprint, New York: Kodansha International. Kanô Jigorô. 1989. “The Contribution of Jiudo to Education.” In The Overlook Martial Arts Reader. Edited by Randy Nelson. New York: Overlook Press.
———. 1994. Kôdôkan Judo. 1986. Reprint, New York: Kodansha International. Otaki, Tadao, Donn F. Draeger, Tabeo Orako, Tabao Otako. 1991. Judo Formal Techniques: A Complete Guide to Kôdôkan Randori No Kata. Reprint, Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle. Stevens, John. 1995. Three Budô Masters. New York: Kodansha International. Tegner, Bruce. 1973. Complete Book of Judo. New York: Bantam Books. Westbrook, Adele, and Oscar Ratti. 1973. Secrets of the Samurai: The Martial Arts of Feudal Japan. Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle. Jûdô 217
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216 Jûdô<br />
styles (such as the Israeli krav maga) that descend in part from military<br />
commando training, and sport grappling or “submission” styles, including<br />
Brazil’s Gracie Jiu-jitsu, owe a considerable debt to jûdô. <strong>World</strong>wide, military<br />
and police trainers have seen the advantages of jûdô for unarmed<br />
hand-to-hand combat and have integrated it into their programs of instruction<br />
almost from the beginning of the twentieth century. Jûdô movements<br />
are not as inhibited by typical battle dress as are the techniques of<br />
many other martial arts, while the presentation of the art in a physicaleducation<br />
format has made it easier for military instructors to adopt (and<br />
adapt to their own ends) than the more esoteric curricula of other styles<br />
might have been. Wrestling or submission styles, meanwhile, profited both<br />
from direct instruction by jûdôka and by interaction with the new jûdô<br />
techniques and strategies they encountered. Kanô student Mitsuyo Maeda,<br />
one of the jûdôka assigned to bring the new art to the West in the first<br />
decade of the twentieth century, accepted both jûdô challenges and matches<br />
as a professional wrestler, and was the original instructor of the formidable<br />
Gracie family of Brazil (where Maeda was known as Conte Comte [also<br />
Conde Koma], the “Count of Combat”). Renowned wrestler George Hackenschmidt,<br />
meanwhile, declined to accept challenges from jûdôka (probably<br />
because, as world heavyweight champion, he had nothing to win and<br />
everything to lose in a bout with the much smaller Japanese who challenged<br />
him) but recommended training in jûdô, as well as Greco-Roman<br />
and freestyle wrestling, for any serious grappler. He saw the development<br />
of excellent balance, as well as the unique “idea” of the style (by which he<br />
probably meant the jû principle), as invaluable benefits of training.<br />
Jûdô advocates commonly add that jûdô includes the benefits of most<br />
traditional Asian martial arts and adds to them those of a modern, competitive,<br />
full-contact (but safe) sport.<br />
Dr. Kanô’s jûdô continues to enjoy a prominent place among the<br />
world’s martial arts, and while it may not always manifest his original<br />
ideals in practice, it remains the most successful fusion to date of Oriental<br />
martial art with Western principles of physical education.<br />
William J. Long<br />
See also Japanese <strong>Martial</strong> <strong>Arts</strong>, Chinese Influences on; Wrestling and<br />
Grappling: Japan<br />
References<br />
Cunningham, Steven. 1996. “A Brief Look at the Root <strong>Arts</strong> of Judo.”<br />
Available at http://judo1.net/ju01001.htm.<br />
Inokuma, Isao, and Nobuyuki Sato. 1987. Best Judo. Reprint, New York:<br />
Kodansha International.<br />
Kanô Jigorô. 1989. “<strong>The</strong> Contribution of Jiudo to Education.” In <strong>The</strong><br />
Overlook <strong>Martial</strong> <strong>Arts</strong> Reader. Edited by Randy Nelson. New York:<br />
Overlook Press.