Martial Arts Of The World - Webs
Martial Arts Of The World - Webs Martial Arts Of The World - Webs
202 Jeet Kune Do References Cuyler, P. L. 1979. Sumo: From Rite to Sport. New York: John Weatherhill. Draeger, Donn F., and Robert W. Smith. 1969. Asian Fighting Arts. Tokyo: Kodansha International. Giles, Herbert A. 1906. “The Home of Jiu Jitsu.” Adversaria Sinica 5: 132–138. Hurst, G. Cameron, III. 1998. Armed Martial Arts of Japan: Swordsmanship and Archery. New Haven: Yale University Press. Imamura, Yoshio. 1970. Nihon Taikushi (Japanese Physical Culture History). Tokyo: Fumido Shupanshe. Kenrick, Doug. 1969. The Book of Sumo: Sport, Spectacle, and Ritual. New York: Weatherhill. Kouichi, Kubodera. 1992. Nihon Sumo Taikan (Japanese Sumo Almanac). Tokyo: Jinbutsu Oraisha. Lindsay, Rev. T., and J. Kanô. 1889. “Jiujutsu: The Old Samurai Art of Fighting without Weapons.” Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan 16: 192–205. Mao Zedong. 1917. “Tiyu Zhi Yanjiu” (Physical Education Research). Xin Qingnian (New Youth) 3 (March), no. 2. Nagamine, Shôshin. 1976. The Essence of Okinawan Karate-dô. Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle. Wu Yu and Jiang An. 1986. “Chen Yuanyun, Shaolin Quanfa, Riben Roudao” (Chen Yuanyun, Shaolin Boxing, and Japanese Judo). Wuhun (Martial spirit) 3 (March), no. 86: 17–19. Yokoyama, Kendô. 1991. Nihon Budô Shi (Japanese Martial Arts History). Tokyo: Doshin Shobo. Jeet Kune Do Jeet Kune Do (the way of the intercepting fist) was founded by Bruce Lee in 1967. The most recognized martial artist in the world, Lee had an approach to martial arts that was simple, direct, and nonclassical, a sophisticated fighting style stripped to its essentials. However, his primary emphasis in Jeet Kune Do (JKD) was to urge all martial artists to avoid having bias in combat, and in reaching toward the level of art, to honestly express themselves. Although Lee named his art Jeet Kune Do in 1967, the process of liberation from classical arts had been occurring throughout Lee’s evolution in the martial arts. The name Bruce Lee is well known in the martial arts, since his theatrical films helped gain worldwide acceptance for the martial arts during the 1970s. Lee called his approach in martial arts Jeet Kune Do, which translates as “the way of the intercepting fist,” but JKD meant much more to Lee than simply intercepting an opponent’s attack. Furthermore, defining JKD simply as Bruce Lee’s style of fighting is to completely lose its message. Lee once said, “Actually, I never wanted to give a name to the kind of Chinese Gung Fu that I have invented, but for convenience sake, I still call it Jeet Kune Do. However, I want to emphasize that there is no clear line of distinction between Jeet Kune Do and any other kind of Gung Fu
for I strongly object to formality, and to the idea of distinction of branches” (Little 1997a, 127). Bruce Lee was more interested in JKD’s powerful liberating qualities, which allowed individuals to find their own path to excellence in the martial arts. Origins and Evolution of Jeet Kune Do Bruce Lee’s personal history and dynamic personality provided the foundation for Jeet Kune Do. Lee began his formal martial arts training in Hong Kong as a teenager studying yongchun (wing chun) under the famous teacher Yip Man (Cantonese; Mandarin Ye Wen). However, Lee was already beginning to experiment with other forms of combat, such as Western boxing and other Chinese martial arts styles. A turning point in the development of Jeet Kune Do occurred after Lee had moved to the United States and was involved in a challenge match with another Chinese martial artist. The challenge was to prevent Lee from teaching non-Chinese students, which was taboo during the early 1960s. Although Lee defeated his opponent, he was unhappy with how long the fight lasted and with how unusually winded he was afterwards. Up to that point, Lee had been content with improvising and expanding on his yongchun, but he realized that a strict adherence to it limited his performance. In addition, he saw that he needed to be in peak physical condition to fully actualize his potential. “This momentous event, then, was the impetus for the evolution of Jeet Kune Do and the birth of his new training regime” (Little 1998a, 12). “By the time Lee came to Los Angeles, he had scrapped his modified Wing Chun and searched out the roots of combat, to find the universal principles and concepts fundamental to all styles and systems” (Wong and Cheung 1990, 9–10). In 1967, Bruce Lee named his approach Jeet Kune Do. However, Lee was perfectly clear in his article, “Liberate Yourself from Classical Karate,” that he was not inventing a new style of martial arts with its own traditional moves, since styles were “merely parts dissected from a unitary whole” (1986, 65). He urged all practitioners to objectively seek the truth in combat when on their path to self-discovery. This article was controversial, since it advised martial artists to not uncritically accept prescribed formulas and to be free from the bondage of any style’s doctrine, which he called “organized despair” (42). On July 20, 1973, Bruce Lee passed away, leaving a huge legacy for the martial arts. Lee’s films created a whole new genre, the martial arts action film. As a result, he became a cult figure like Elvis Presley, Marilyn Monroe, and James Dean. Furthermore, Lee’s tremendous impact on the martial arts is still felt today. His personal writings have become best-sellers and have influenced many progressive martial artists and styles. In fact, many would Jeet Kune Do 203
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202 Jeet Kune Do<br />
References<br />
Cuyler, P. L. 1979. Sumo: From Rite to Sport. New York: John Weatherhill.<br />
Draeger, Donn F., and Robert W. Smith. 1969. Asian Fighting <strong>Arts</strong>. Tokyo:<br />
Kodansha International.<br />
Giles, Herbert A. 1906. “<strong>The</strong> Home of Jiu Jitsu.” Adversaria Sinica 5:<br />
132–138.<br />
Hurst, G. Cameron, III. 1998. Armed <strong>Martial</strong> <strong>Arts</strong> of Japan: Swordsmanship<br />
and Archery. New Haven: Yale University Press.<br />
Imamura, Yoshio. 1970. Nihon Taikushi (Japanese Physical Culture History).<br />
Tokyo: Fumido Shupanshe.<br />
Kenrick, Doug. 1969. <strong>The</strong> Book of Sumo: Sport, Spectacle, and Ritual. New<br />
York: Weatherhill.<br />
Kouichi, Kubodera. 1992. Nihon Sumo Taikan (Japanese Sumo Almanac).<br />
Tokyo: Jinbutsu Oraisha.<br />
Lindsay, Rev. T., and J. Kanô. 1889. “Jiujutsu: <strong>The</strong> Old Samurai Art of<br />
Fighting without Weapons.” Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan<br />
16: 192–205.<br />
Mao Zedong. 1917. “Tiyu Zhi Yanjiu” (Physical Education Research). Xin<br />
Qingnian (New Youth) 3 (March), no. 2.<br />
Nagamine, Shôshin. 1976. <strong>The</strong> Essence of Okinawan Karate-dô. Rutland,<br />
VT: Charles E. Tuttle.<br />
Wu Yu and Jiang An. 1986. “Chen Yuanyun, Shaolin Quanfa, Riben<br />
Roudao” (Chen Yuanyun, Shaolin Boxing, and Japanese Judo). Wuhun<br />
(<strong>Martial</strong> spirit) 3 (March), no. 86: 17–19.<br />
Yokoyama, Kendô. 1991. Nihon Budô Shi (Japanese <strong>Martial</strong> <strong>Arts</strong> History).<br />
Tokyo: Doshin Shobo.<br />
Jeet Kune Do<br />
Jeet Kune Do (the way of the intercepting fist) was founded by Bruce Lee in<br />
1967. <strong>The</strong> most recognized martial artist in the world, Lee had an approach<br />
to martial arts that was simple, direct, and nonclassical, a sophisticated fighting<br />
style stripped to its essentials. However, his primary emphasis in Jeet Kune<br />
Do (JKD) was to urge all martial artists to avoid having bias in combat, and<br />
in reaching toward the level of art, to honestly express themselves. Although<br />
Lee named his art Jeet Kune Do in 1967, the process of liberation from classical<br />
arts had been occurring throughout Lee’s evolution in the martial arts.<br />
<strong>The</strong> name Bruce Lee is well known in the martial arts, since his theatrical<br />
films helped gain worldwide acceptance for the martial arts during<br />
the 1970s. Lee called his approach in martial arts Jeet Kune Do, which<br />
translates as “the way of the intercepting fist,” but JKD meant much more<br />
to Lee than simply intercepting an opponent’s attack. Furthermore, defining<br />
JKD simply as Bruce Lee’s style of fighting is to completely lose its message.<br />
Lee once said, “Actually, I never wanted to give a name to the kind<br />
of Chinese Gung Fu that I have invented, but for convenience sake, I still<br />
call it Jeet Kune Do. However, I want to emphasize that there is no clear<br />
line of distinction between Jeet Kune Do and any other kind of Gung Fu
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