THE ROLE OF TURKISH PERCUSSION IN THE HISTORY AND ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

CHAPTER 2 PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS OF TURKISH MUSIC The percussion instruments used in Turkish music included the bass drum, cymbals, triangle, Turkish crescent, kettledrums, and, on occasion, the tambourine. Each of these instruments, except for the Turkish crescent, differed somewhat from the modern orchestral version. This document will examine the entry of the bass drum, cymbals, triangle, Turkish crescent, and tambourine into the orchestra. Kettledrums will not be discussed in this study. The bass drum dates back to the Sumerians as documented in artwork from the latter half of the third millennium, B.C. which depicted an enormous drum five or six feet in diameter. An early sixteenth-century Venetian painting by Carpaccio shows a Turkish musician playing a drum almost exactly the same shape and size as the modern military bass drum. With the introduction of Turkish Janissary music into the courts of Europe, a large drum requiring a new playing technique entered Western music. This Turkish drum, known as the daval, became an important instrument in Janissary music by the middle of the eighteenth century. 1 1 Gangware, The History and use of Percussion Instruments n Orchestration, 7; Geary H. Larrick, “Percussion: Its Status from Antiquity to the Modern Era,” Percussive Notes (1968): 44; Peinkofer and Tannigel, Handbook of Percussion Instruments, 94; The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2 nd ed., (2001), s.v. “Bass Drum,“ and “Janissary Music.” 8
Figure 1. Turkish bass drum. Reprinted from James Blades, Percussion Instruments and Their History (London: Faber and Faber Limited, 1984), 209 Figure 1 represents the Turkish bass drum as it appeared during the sixteenth century. As it was known until the nineteenth century, this bass drum was most similar to the drum used by the British and French military armies. Many sources note the dimensions of the bass drum, or “long drum” as it had been termed by the English, to be greater in depth from head 9
Page 1 and 2: THE ROLE OF TURKISH PERCUSSION IN T
Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF FIGURES 1. Turkish bass dru
Page 7 and 8: ABSTRACT The fascination of eightee
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER 1 DESCRIPTION AND INTRODUCT
Page 11 and 12: not addressed in the monograph beca
Page 13 and 14: Before the influence of Turkish ins
Page 15: The trend to incorporate percussion
Page 19 and 20: that was often doubled on the trian
Page 21 and 22: the Turkish word for “cymbalsmith
Page 23 and 24: opinion will be further discussed i
Page 25 and 26: Figure 5. Triangle similar to one u
Page 27 and 28: and as seen in Figure 6. The novel,
Page 29 and 30: Figure 7. The tambourine. Reprinted
Page 31 and 32: to the pianoforte as an optional at
Page 33 and 34: Figure 8. La Scala seating arrangem
Page 35 and 36: Early works that precede the use of
Page 37 and 38: Gluck’s use of cymbals for specia
Page 39 and 40: “stick and switch” passages of
Page 41 and 42: Figure 14. “Military” Symphony
Page 43 and 44: Figure 16. Die Ruinen von Athens by
Page 45 and 46: Figure 17. Symphony No. 9 (movement
Page 47 and 48: As seen in Figure 18 from Rossini
Page 49 and 50: the beater and the ruthe as the tim
Page 51 and 52: Figure 20. Overture to Preciosa by
Page 53 and 54: Figure 21. Modern orchestral bass d
Page 55 and 56: situations in the life of a young m
Page 57 and 58: Figure 23. Grande Messe des Morts b
Page 59 and 60: Figure 24. L’Apprenti-Sorcier by
Page 61 and 62: Figure 26. Le sacre du printemps by
Page 63 and 64: it was through the abundant and inn
Page 65 and 66: color of his composition. He calls
Page 67 and 68:
Smaller triangles were used to achi
Page 69 and 70:
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov in his Capr
Page 71 and 72:
Figure 33. Symphony No. 4 (movement
Page 73 and 74:
Figure 34. Scheherazade by Rimsky-K
Page 75 and 76:
The Turkish crescent is only briefl
Page 77 and 78:
the opposite head with a switch mos
Page 79 and 80:
2. With rare exception, percussioni
Page 81 and 82:
Rossini, Gioacchino. Il barbiere di
Page 83 and 84:
Duckles, Vincent H., and Michael A.
Page 85 and 86:
Corkhill, David. “The Unique Func
Page 87 and 88:
APPENDIX CHRONOLOGICAL LISTING OF M
Page 89 and 90:
1911 Stravinsky Petrouchka xylo., b
show all

THE ROLE OF TURKISH PERCUSSION IN THE HISTORY AND ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?