i Parkia biglobosa - School of Forest Resources & Environmental ...

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compared to the traditional dawadawa. I discovered a more significant challenger to traditional dawadawa, the soybean version. Soybeans, soybean dawadawa, and commercial bouillon dawadawa cubes were consistently available in the market year round whereas traditional dawadawa was not available throughout the year. Seasonality was a limiting factor for P. biglobosa products. An overabundance of P. biglobosa products was available in April and May during fruit maturation and local harvest of the seedpods. The supply diminished the remainder of the year while in certain months, zuini and dawadawa were completely unavailable. Traditional dawadawa preparation is more costly and demanding of resources than soybean preparation, either in time used for collecting wood or money spent to buy wood. Long hours are required to remove the hard seed coat compared with the thin testa of the soybeans. Collectively, people preferred the traditional dawadawa even though traditional version was not available throughout the year. Soybean dawadawa is equally nutritious compared the traditional dawadawa. Both versions are rich in fat, amino acids, and an important supplement to the local diet. Dawadawa is used extensively throughout West Africa with studies reporting consumption of dawadawa constituting up to ten percent of the main meals. The difference in the cost of seeds was negligible between zuini and soybeans. Although the introduction of soybeans was relatively recent in Kandiga, an extensive study of increased soybean cultivation and rapid adoption of utilization in Nigeria by Sanginga et al (1999) may predict the acceptance and adoption of soybeans in northern Ghana. The adoption rates in Nigeria rose from 9% of farmers in 1989 to 75% in 1997. Soybeans 96
may replace P. biglobosa seeds as raw material for dawadawa. However, soybeans cannot replace all the benefits obtained from P. biglobosa. My conclusion is that people still regard P. biglobosa as an important natural local resource. Only under dire economic circumstances are farmers compelled to destroy the trees. Some farmers believe that cutting the tree is taboo and violates traditional religion. The considerable benefits from the tree may be the foundation for this belief. P. biglobosa usually is protected on farmlands, though the present deteriorating economic situation and poverty force some farmers to sacrifice the tree for charcoal or firewood. The immediate and somewhat desperate needs outweigh the long term and diverse value of trees and P. biglobosa as a resource. Nevertheless, the people of Kandiga still regard P. biglobosa as a valuable resource. The tree provides financial benefits, and the many diverse uses and traditional regard still have enormous value. The solution is not only to discourage destruction of the trees but also to encourage active management practices that farmers can employ without large monetary cost. 97
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Parkia biglobosa: CHANGES IN RESOUR
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PREFACE This study was done between
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 - Plasteri
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
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the CCFI program. The nursery provi
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local farmers had previously placed
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shipped from West Africa to the Ame
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equired targets for the meat proces
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Figure 2 - Map of Africa (http://ww
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Kandiga, Upper East Region My Peace
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Chapter 3 Study Area This section w
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Within Ghana, there are several eco
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Farming Systems The traditional far
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Food preparation, cooking, eating,
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many years that plagued Sub Saharan
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permission not only from Kandiga’
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landholder must grant permission fo
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announcements and newspaper article
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living among them. The longer I liv
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dawadawa. Often this informal inter
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“Which do you prefer the real daw
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The information I gathered in Ghana
Page 45 and 46: Common names are African Locust Bea
Page 47 and 48: The compound inflorescence is a rac
Page 49 and 50: observed several baboons in the par
Page 51 and 52: the effect of moisture and nitrogen
Page 53 and 54: Traditional Uses for Parkia biglobo
Page 55 and 56: infections, wounds, and fever the b
Page 57 and 58: compared the nutritional value to o
Page 59 and 60: used as flour to make into porridge
Page 61 and 62: Figure 15 - Nuha nua and pepper pla
Page 63 and 64: Zuini Seeds Boil in water for 14 ho
Page 65 and 66: The process of producing soybean da
Page 67 and 68: Based on my interview with the whol
Page 69 and 70: dawadawa (Campbell-Platt 1980). In
Page 71 and 72: The result of fermentation increase
Page 73 and 74: Natural Regeneration of Parkia bigl
Page 75 and 76: Tree planting and afforestation in
Page 77 and 78: and the first rains, livestock are
Page 79 and 80: History of Soybeans Chapter 6 Soybe
Page 81 and 82: Colonials and missionaries in the 1
Page 83 and 84: Chapter 7 Results and Discussion In
Page 85 and 86: the zuini when the market is brimmi
Page 87 and 88: legumes. This study took place in N
Page 89 and 90: ICRAF 2000, Bakang and Garforth 199
Page 91 and 92: them. These farmers recognized, bas
Page 93 and 94: fuelwood trees planted on their lan
Page 95: are some of the illness that are tr
Page 99 and 100: Booth, F.E.M., Wickens, G.E. 1988.
Page 101 and 102: Kotey, N.A. Francois, J., Owusu, J.
Page 103 and 104: Timbilla, J.A., Braimah. H. 1994. A
Page 105 and 106: SOY DAWADAWA (Women Farmers Extensi
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