i Parkia biglobosa - School of Forest Resources & Environmental ...
i Parkia biglobosa - School of Forest Resources & Environmental ... i Parkia biglobosa - School of Forest Resources & Environmental ...
a large manufacturer could provide income to local farmers. The manufacturer has easier access to alternative fuel sources and would be able to produce dawadawa on a larger scale and at lower costs. In addition, by encouraging the use of soybean as an alternate source for preparing dawadawa, the local demand for firewood would be decreased. One of the main constraints to industry in Ghana, such as tomato processing or cashew processing, is the insufficient supply of raw material sources to operate at full capacity. The demand for dawadawa is growing within Ghana. Attitudes of people in southern Ghana to dawadawa are changing. Traditionally only used in northern Ghana, the demand for and availability of commercial dawadawa is increasing in southern Ghana. Markets and kiosks are selling the dawadawa cubes while radio and television commercials are advertising the dawadawa bouillon cubes. NGOs and other development agencies must continue farmer education and increase efforts promoting the benefits of agroforestry, which is the practice of integrating trees with crops. Agroforestry requires and encourages farmers to actively manage resources by planting and protecting the trees among crops. During this study, I accompanied the Kandiga CCFI nursery extensionist as he spoke with several farmers. We wanted to educate them on the advantages and benefits of agroforestry. Planting trees would increase the supply of firewood, provide windbreaks preventing soil erosion, and provide income, especially if fruit trees were planted among their farms. When I arrived at Kandiga CCFI nursery, most of the tree species were non- native. At first I met resistance when I suggested producing local seedlings such as shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) and dua (P. biglobosa). The nursery produced a small number of local seedlings the second year of my assignment, and we were pleased that farmers bought 90
them. These farmers recognized, based on their own observations, the benefits experienced by the early adopters and members of the community who first planted trees. An indirect method for conserving P. biglobosa is to discourage bush burning. Bush burning can damage and destroy young naturally regenerated seedlings of P. biglobosa. A study by Aalangdon et al. 1999 in northern Ghana studied farmer’s attitudes towards bush burning. The study showed results of crop yields of maize on Table 7 - Advantages and disadvantages of non-burning (source Aalangdong et al 1999) Village Advantages Disadvantages Goziire (Upper West Region) Zagsilaari (Northern Region) -regrowth of natural vegetation, especially trees and grasses -improved yields of shea and dawadawa trees -reducing erosion, improve crop yields -retention of livestock nearby because forage is available -improvement of soil fertility -reduction in soil erosion -increased crop yields and food security for family 91 -fewer dead trees for women to collect as firewood -proliferation of pests such as rodents and insects which destroy crops -inaccessibility, limited mobility and visibility, -bushes become hideouts for thieves burnt and non-burnt fields. The results showed the yields were doubled in the non-burnt fields. Furthermore, the longer a field is not burnt the yields improve. When presented the results, farmers were keen on non-burning and it strengthened their acceptance for other methods of clearing their fields (Table 7). Although local farmers have little control or input to government policy, perhaps the role of government can improve the conservation of resources, especially for northern Ghana. A resolution may be government, creating, implementing, and enforcing beneficial collaborative policies taking into account the local stakeholders. Ghana’s
- Page 39 and 40: dawadawa. Often this informal inter
- Page 41 and 42: “Which do you prefer the real daw
- Page 43 and 44: The information I gathered in Ghana
- Page 45 and 46: Common names are African Locust Bea
- Page 47 and 48: The compound inflorescence is a rac
- Page 49 and 50: observed several baboons in the par
- Page 51 and 52: the effect of moisture and nitrogen
- Page 53 and 54: Traditional Uses for Parkia biglobo
- Page 55 and 56: infections, wounds, and fever the b
- Page 57 and 58: compared the nutritional value to o
- Page 59 and 60: used as flour to make into porridge
- Page 61 and 62: Figure 15 - Nuha nua and pepper pla
- Page 63 and 64: Zuini Seeds Boil in water for 14 ho
- Page 65 and 66: The process of producing soybean da
- Page 67 and 68: Based on my interview with the whol
- Page 69 and 70: dawadawa (Campbell-Platt 1980). In
- Page 71 and 72: The result of fermentation increase
- Page 73 and 74: Natural Regeneration of Parkia bigl
- Page 75 and 76: Tree planting and afforestation in
- Page 77 and 78: and the first rains, livestock are
- Page 79 and 80: History of Soybeans Chapter 6 Soybe
- Page 81 and 82: Colonials and missionaries in the 1
- Page 83 and 84: Chapter 7 Results and Discussion In
- Page 85 and 86: the zuini when the market is brimmi
- Page 87 and 88: legumes. This study took place in N
- Page 89: ICRAF 2000, Bakang and Garforth 199
- Page 93 and 94: fuelwood trees planted on their lan
- Page 95 and 96: are some of the illness that are tr
- Page 97 and 98: may replace P. biglobosa seeds as r
- Page 99 and 100: Booth, F.E.M., Wickens, G.E. 1988.
- Page 101 and 102: Kotey, N.A. Francois, J., Owusu, J.
- Page 103 and 104: Timbilla, J.A., Braimah. H. 1994. A
- Page 105 and 106: SOY DAWADAWA (Women Farmers Extensi
them. These farmers recognized, based on their own observations, the benefits<br />
experienced by the early adopters and members <strong>of</strong> the community who first planted trees.<br />
An indirect method for conserving P. <strong>biglobosa</strong> is to discourage bush burning.<br />
Bush burning can damage and destroy young naturally regenerated seedlings <strong>of</strong> P.<br />
<strong>biglobosa</strong>. A study by Aalangdon et al. 1999 in northern Ghana studied farmer’s<br />
attitudes towards bush burning. The study showed results <strong>of</strong> crop yields <strong>of</strong> maize on<br />
Table 7 - Advantages and disadvantages <strong>of</strong> non-burning (source Aalangdong et al 1999)<br />
Village Advantages Disadvantages<br />
Goziire<br />
(Upper West Region)<br />
Zagsilaari<br />
(Northern Region)<br />
-regrowth <strong>of</strong> natural vegetation,<br />
especially trees and grasses<br />
-improved yields <strong>of</strong> shea and<br />
dawadawa trees<br />
-reducing erosion, improve crop<br />
yields<br />
-retention <strong>of</strong> livestock nearby<br />
because forage is available<br />
-improvement <strong>of</strong> soil fertility<br />
-reduction in soil erosion<br />
-increased crop yields and food<br />
security for family<br />
91<br />
-fewer dead trees for<br />
women to collect as<br />
firewood<br />
-proliferation <strong>of</strong> pests such<br />
as rodents and insects which<br />
destroy crops<br />
-inaccessibility, limited<br />
mobility and visibility,<br />
-bushes become hideouts<br />
for thieves<br />
burnt and non-burnt fields. The results showed the yields were doubled in the non-burnt<br />
fields. Furthermore, the longer a field is not burnt the yields improve. When presented<br />
the results, farmers were keen on non-burning and it strengthened their acceptance for<br />
other methods <strong>of</strong> clearing their fields (Table 7).<br />
Although local farmers have little control or input to government policy, perhaps<br />
the role <strong>of</strong> government can improve the conservation <strong>of</strong> resources, especially for northern<br />
Ghana. A resolution may be government, creating, implementing, and enforcing<br />
beneficial collaborative policies taking into account the local stakeholders. Ghana’s
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