i Parkia biglobosa - School of Forest Resources & Environmental ...

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The presence of soybeans in Kandiga, both in the market and in the fields is on the increase (Figure 28). I worked directly with ADRA (Adventist Development and Relief Agency) farmers promoting agroforestry. Those chosen by ADRA were low- resource farmers who needed assistance attaining self-sufficiency. One of the expectations from ADRA for the farmers was to cultivate soybeans. Farmers were given soybean seed on credit and the assurance that ADRA would buy the harvest in lieu of cash for payments on farmer’s loans. I observed that non-ADRA farmers would also plant soybeans in their fields. One example was a widow, a neighbor of mine who farmed a small plot of soybeans from seed given to her from an ADRA farmer. The crop yields could vary with rainfall and proper spacing and cultivation methods. The greatest obstacle to the success of soybeans in Kandiga was that approximately half of the ADRA farmers would sell the seed for cash immediately, instead of planting it on their farms. Figure 28 – Soybean plant 82
Chapter 7 Results and Discussion In discussing the results, I must first acknowledge when I began the study I had a bias against replacements, soybean or commercial, to traditional dawadawa. I believed that a traditional method using local resources would be favorable and beneficial for the local economy. For sustainability, a locally produced food product is preferable to a commercial product. I found traditional processing used a great deal of wood to produce dawadawa. In fact, the net loss of local resources may be greater maintaining the traditional dawadawa processing over the adoption of the soybean substitute. The following section will discuss the results from the market surveys and observations of soybeans as a resource for dawadawa preparation. Soybeans in Kandiga Market During my research on P. biglobosa, I discovered a Ghanian manufacturer, Royco, produced bouillon soup cubes flavored with dawadawa selling in the market. I contemplated what effect the manufactured substitute would have on locally produced dawadawa. My hypothesis was that traditional dawadawa would eventually be replaced by the manufactured substitute. Deforestation, degradation, and low productivity threaten the semi-arid region of Africa (Awodola 1995, Bakang and Garforth 1998, Kranjac-Berisavljevic 1999). I assumed if the population of P. biglobosa continues to decrease with no active management, the non-timber forest products would soon become unavailable. As a result, local women would lose income from their cottage industry of dawadawa 83
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Parkia biglobosa: CHANGES IN RESOUR
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PREFACE This study was done between
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 - Plasteri
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
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the CCFI program. The nursery provi
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local farmers had previously placed
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shipped from West Africa to the Ame
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equired targets for the meat proces
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Figure 2 - Map of Africa (http://ww
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Kandiga, Upper East Region My Peace
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Chapter 3 Study Area This section w
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Within Ghana, there are several eco
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Farming Systems The traditional far
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Food preparation, cooking, eating,
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many years that plagued Sub Saharan
Page 31 and 32: permission not only from Kandiga’
Page 33 and 34: landholder must grant permission fo
Page 35 and 36: announcements and newspaper article
Page 37 and 38: living among them. The longer I liv
Page 39 and 40: dawadawa. Often this informal inter
Page 41 and 42: “Which do you prefer the real daw
Page 43 and 44: The information I gathered in Ghana
Page 45 and 46: Common names are African Locust Bea
Page 47 and 48: The compound inflorescence is a rac
Page 49 and 50: observed several baboons in the par
Page 51 and 52: the effect of moisture and nitrogen
Page 53 and 54: Traditional Uses for Parkia biglobo
Page 55 and 56: infections, wounds, and fever the b
Page 57 and 58: compared the nutritional value to o
Page 59 and 60: used as flour to make into porridge
Page 61 and 62: Figure 15 - Nuha nua and pepper pla
Page 63 and 64: Zuini Seeds Boil in water for 14 ho
Page 65 and 66: The process of producing soybean da
Page 67 and 68: Based on my interview with the whol
Page 69 and 70: dawadawa (Campbell-Platt 1980). In
Page 71 and 72: The result of fermentation increase
Page 73 and 74: Natural Regeneration of Parkia bigl
Page 75 and 76: Tree planting and afforestation in
Page 77 and 78: and the first rains, livestock are
Page 79 and 80: History of Soybeans Chapter 6 Soybe
Page 81: Colonials and missionaries in the 1
Page 85 and 86: the zuini when the market is brimmi
Page 87 and 88: legumes. This study took place in N
Page 89 and 90: ICRAF 2000, Bakang and Garforth 199
Page 91 and 92: them. These farmers recognized, bas
Page 93 and 94: fuelwood trees planted on their lan
Page 95 and 96: are some of the illness that are tr
Page 97 and 98: may replace P. biglobosa seeds as r
Page 99 and 100: Booth, F.E.M., Wickens, G.E. 1988.
Page 101 and 102: Kotey, N.A. Francois, J., Owusu, J.
Page 103 and 104: Timbilla, J.A., Braimah. H. 1994. A
Page 105 and 106: SOY DAWADAWA (Women Farmers Extensi
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