i Parkia biglobosa - School of Forest Resources & Environmental ...

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Industrial manufacturing of dawadawa offers an alternative to the cottage- industry product. Royco, a subsidiary of Unilever Brothers, markets a bouillon cube in Ghana (Figure 22). In Nigeria, Cadbury successfully produced dawadawa on an industrial scale. Modern processing is done under controlled conditions of pH, temperature, oxygen, aeration, and isolated microbes of Bacillus subtilis, the same microorganism responsible for traditional alkaline fermentation of locust beans. Cadbury Nigeria was able to attractively package and market dawadawa to the urban and more sophisticated housewives (Latunde-Dada 1997). The fermentation of the seeds of P. biglobosa converts an indigestible seed into a flavorful and nutritious food. The process of removing the hard seed coat and softening the cotyledons lend the beans to be edible, but the additional fermentation imparts benefits in increasing nutritional value, digestibility, and flavor. It is a locally available food, rich in protein and fat, desirable for a West African diet that is characteristically poor in balanced nutrition and calories. Figure 22 – Royco (top), traditional (left), and soybean (right) dawadawa 72
Natural Regeneration of Parkia biglobosa Northern Ghana, as in most of sub Saharan Africa, is suffering from deforestation. Ghana’s major exports are gold, cocoa, and timber (Library of Congress 2002)). Trees from the rain forest belt in Ghana are rapidly being depleted to meet export demands. The need for foreign exchange has outweighed conservation measures to protect trees and forests. Only recently, in 1994, the Ministry of Lands and the Forestry Commission adopted the Forest and Wildlife Policy to create conditions suitable for sustainable forest resource management throughout Ghana (Kotey et al 1998). In northern Ghana, the number of trees is being depleted by the heightened demand resulting from increasing population pressure. An article written in August 29, 2001, Ghana’s Daily Graphic noted findings from the Environmental Protection Agency. The article reported the alarming rate that charcoal producers were destroying economic trees like shea and dawadawa trees. A survey in 40 communities in the Upper West Region revealed that 80% of the charcoal produced is from shea trees and the remaining 20% produced from dawadawa trees. The Bolgatanga – Navrongo road which I often used going into town from Kandiga was lined with mahogany trees. It was obvious to me after two years that the many of major branches had been chopped off for wood or charcoal and several trees were destroyed (Figure 23). The switch to economic trees like shea and dawadawa occurred once common traditional charcoal sources like mahagony, Acacia spp, and Pterocarpus trees were harvested (Kyei-Boateng 2001). 73
Page 1 and 2:
Parkia biglobosa: CHANGES IN RESOUR
Page 3 and 4:
PREFACE This study was done between
Page 5 and 6:
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 - Plasteri
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
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the CCFI program. The nursery provi
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local farmers had previously placed
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shipped from West Africa to the Ame
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equired targets for the meat proces
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Figure 2 - Map of Africa (http://ww
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Kandiga, Upper East Region My Peace
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 3 Study Area This section w
Page 23 and 24: Within Ghana, there are several eco
Page 25 and 26: Farming Systems The traditional far
Page 27 and 28: Food preparation, cooking, eating,
Page 29 and 30: many years that plagued Sub Saharan
Page 31 and 32: permission not only from Kandiga’
Page 33 and 34: landholder must grant permission fo
Page 35 and 36: announcements and newspaper article
Page 37 and 38: living among them. The longer I liv
Page 39 and 40: dawadawa. Often this informal inter
Page 41 and 42: “Which do you prefer the real daw
Page 43 and 44: The information I gathered in Ghana
Page 45 and 46: Common names are African Locust Bea
Page 47 and 48: The compound inflorescence is a rac
Page 49 and 50: observed several baboons in the par
Page 51 and 52: the effect of moisture and nitrogen
Page 53 and 54: Traditional Uses for Parkia biglobo
Page 55 and 56: infections, wounds, and fever the b
Page 57 and 58: compared the nutritional value to o
Page 59 and 60: used as flour to make into porridge
Page 61 and 62: Figure 15 - Nuha nua and pepper pla
Page 63 and 64: Zuini Seeds Boil in water for 14 ho
Page 65 and 66: The process of producing soybean da
Page 67 and 68: Based on my interview with the whol
Page 69 and 70: dawadawa (Campbell-Platt 1980). In
Page 71: The result of fermentation increase
Page 75 and 76: Tree planting and afforestation in
Page 77 and 78: and the first rains, livestock are
Page 79 and 80: History of Soybeans Chapter 6 Soybe
Page 81 and 82: Colonials and missionaries in the 1
Page 83 and 84: Chapter 7 Results and Discussion In
Page 85 and 86: the zuini when the market is brimmi
Page 87 and 88: legumes. This study took place in N
Page 89 and 90: ICRAF 2000, Bakang and Garforth 199
Page 91 and 92: them. These farmers recognized, bas
Page 93 and 94: fuelwood trees planted on their lan
Page 95 and 96: are some of the illness that are tr
Page 97 and 98: may replace P. biglobosa seeds as r
Page 99 and 100: Booth, F.E.M., Wickens, G.E. 1988.
Page 101 and 102: Kotey, N.A. Francois, J., Owusu, J.
Page 103 and 104: Timbilla, J.A., Braimah. H. 1994. A
Page 105 and 106: SOY DAWADAWA (Women Farmers Extensi
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