i Parkia biglobosa - School of Forest Resources & Environmental ...

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Botany History Chapter 5 Parkia biglobosa In 1757, Michel Adanson first recorded Parkia biglobosa during his collecting trips to Senegal and the Gambia. Although Adanson did not name the tree, in 1763 Nicolas Jacquin formally published the valid binomial name of Mimosa biglobosa. It is interesting to note that Jacquin’s description and plant material came from tree specimens in the West Indies. The trees were presumably introduced from West Africa during the transatlantic slave trade. Palisot de Beauvois, a botanist who traveled both the West Indies and West Africa, realized the link and described the species as Inga biglobosa. He published his discovery in 1816. Robert Brown in 1826 suggested renaming and reclassifying these plant materials under the same genus, Parkia, to commemorate Mungo Park. Park was a Scottish surgeon who explored western Africa in the 1790s following the course of Niger River. Park had mentioned these trees by the local name nitta, in his ‘Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa’ published in 1799. In 1842, Bentham included Asian forms into the genus Parkia. Historical literature regarding P. biglobosa can be confusing with overlapping descriptions and names describing one species. Currently the described species within the genus Parkia number twenty-four; ten species occur in tropical South America, ten species in tropical Asia, and four species in Africa (Hall et al., 1997). Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth belongs in the family Leguminosae and the subfamily Mimosoideae (Hopkins 1983). Some major synonyms for P. biglobosa are: P. africana R. Br., P. intermedia Oliver, P. oliveri J.F. Macbr., P. clappertoniana Keay. 44
Common names are African Locust Bean, fern leaf, arbre à farine, monkey cutlass tree, two-ball nitta-tree. In French West Africa it is commonly known as néré, netto, ulele, sé- ou, and ouli (Booth, 1988). In Kandiga, the tree is called dua. P. biglobosa is a perennial, deciduous tree reaching 7 – 20 m in height. The crown or canopy is large and wide spreading with low branches on a stout bole (Figure 8). Figure 8 – Parkia biglobosa tree in Mole National Park, Ghana 45
Page 1 and 2: Parkia biglobosa: CHANGES IN RESOUR
Page 3 and 4: PREFACE This study was done between
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 - Plasteri
Page 7 and 8: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
Page 9 and 10: the CCFI program. The nursery provi
Page 11 and 12: local farmers had previously placed
Page 13 and 14: shipped from West Africa to the Ame
Page 15 and 16: equired targets for the meat proces
Page 17 and 18: Figure 2 - Map of Africa (http://ww
Page 19 and 20: Kandiga, Upper East Region My Peace
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 3 Study Area This section w
Page 23 and 24: Within Ghana, there are several eco
Page 25 and 26: Farming Systems The traditional far
Page 27 and 28: Food preparation, cooking, eating,
Page 29 and 30: many years that plagued Sub Saharan
Page 31 and 32: permission not only from Kandiga’
Page 33 and 34: landholder must grant permission fo
Page 35 and 36: announcements and newspaper article
Page 37 and 38: living among them. The longer I liv
Page 39 and 40: dawadawa. Often this informal inter
Page 41 and 42: “Which do you prefer the real daw
Page 43: The information I gathered in Ghana
Page 47 and 48: The compound inflorescence is a rac
Page 49 and 50: observed several baboons in the par
Page 51 and 52: the effect of moisture and nitrogen
Page 53 and 54: Traditional Uses for Parkia biglobo
Page 55 and 56: infections, wounds, and fever the b
Page 57 and 58: compared the nutritional value to o
Page 59 and 60: used as flour to make into porridge
Page 61 and 62: Figure 15 - Nuha nua and pepper pla
Page 63 and 64: Zuini Seeds Boil in water for 14 ho
Page 65 and 66: The process of producing soybean da
Page 67 and 68: Based on my interview with the whol
Page 69 and 70: dawadawa (Campbell-Platt 1980). In
Page 71 and 72: The result of fermentation increase
Page 73 and 74: Natural Regeneration of Parkia bigl
Page 75 and 76: Tree planting and afforestation in
Page 77 and 78: and the first rains, livestock are
Page 79 and 80: History of Soybeans Chapter 6 Soybe
Page 81 and 82: Colonials and missionaries in the 1
Page 83 and 84: Chapter 7 Results and Discussion In
Page 85 and 86: the zuini when the market is brimmi
Page 87 and 88: legumes. This study took place in N
Page 89 and 90: ICRAF 2000, Bakang and Garforth 199
Page 91 and 92: them. These farmers recognized, bas
Page 93 and 94: fuelwood trees planted on their lan
Page 95 and 96:
are some of the illness that are tr
Page 97 and 98:
may replace P. biglobosa seeds as r
Page 99 and 100:
Booth, F.E.M., Wickens, G.E. 1988.
Page 101 and 102:
Kotey, N.A. Francois, J., Owusu, J.
Page 103 and 104:
Timbilla, J.A., Braimah. H. 1994. A
Page 105 and 106:
SOY DAWADAWA (Women Farmers Extensi
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