i Parkia biglobosa - School of Forest Resources & Environmental ...
i Parkia biglobosa - School of Forest Resources & Environmental ... i Parkia biglobosa - School of Forest Resources & Environmental ...
I occasionally asked a Kandiga CCFI nursery worker who I worked with to act as liaison or translator during these formal interviews. My language fluency limited my full understanding and I relied on my colleagues to interpret for me. I also asked my village family to help me with translating and interpreting information. Occasionally, I would record the interviews on a micro cassette recorder and ask my village family to translate the tape, and I would transcribe the answers into my notes. Group Interviews A group interview process was helpful for soliciting information that often may not be extracted from a one on one interview (Alexiades 1996). Individuals within the group or the grouping itself, act as catalysts, often drawing out novel responses. I conducted group interviews with CCFI nursery workers and Peace Corps Volunteers at two In-Service Training (IST) and the CCFI Annual Review Workshop. One IST took place at Saltpond, Central Region, Ghana, from May 8-12, 2000. Another IST took place in Tamale, Northern Region, Ghana, from March 15-17, 2001. The CCFI 2001 Annual Review Workshop took place at Bunso Cocoa College, Eastern Region from August 20- 24, 2001. An example of a group interview was one I conducted at the CCFI Annual Workshop with nursery workers from nurseries in northern Ghana. The opening question simply was “Tell me everything you know about dawadawa and the tree”. A lot of information that I had already collected or observed would be mentioned. I would then try and facilitate the interview leading to more specific questions. My next question would be “Have you taken soybean dawadawa?”. A follow up question would be 40
“Which do you prefer the real dawadawa or the soybean version?” and “Why do you prefer one to the other?”. A response by one group member often could inspire another to elaborate on the response. A limit or cautionary note to this method is the group setting may inhibit the responses of certain individuals. For example, a small number of women within a large group of men could feel intimidated and not answer or respond to questions posed by the interviewer. The nursery workers and foremen attending these workshops are members of their own communities but also have received training and education about tree planting, agroforestry, and conservation. They have a high level of self-confidence when speaking about trees. Their responses offered knowledgeable information from different communities in northern Ghana. I sought to gather information from sources outside my community and compare, contrast, and evaluate those findings with the information gathered from Kandiga. Key Informants The key informants I selected were members of the community who were trustworthy, competent, and reliable. I relied on these key informants principally for information and to a lesser extent, as assistants in gathering information, as translators, and liaisons. I also asked these key informants for their guidance when interpreting the information I gathered. I could ask them if a statement was true or if the person I interviewed was truthful. My key informants were members of my village family, Kandiga CCFI nursery workers, teachers, headmasters, assembly persons, and my close neighbors. 41
- Page 1 and 2: Parkia biglobosa: CHANGES IN RESOUR
- Page 3 and 4: PREFACE This study was done between
- Page 5 and 6: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 - Plasteri
- Page 7 and 8: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
- Page 9 and 10: the CCFI program. The nursery provi
- Page 11 and 12: local farmers had previously placed
- Page 13 and 14: shipped from West Africa to the Ame
- Page 15 and 16: equired targets for the meat proces
- Page 17 and 18: Figure 2 - Map of Africa (http://ww
- Page 19 and 20: Kandiga, Upper East Region My Peace
- Page 21 and 22: Chapter 3 Study Area This section w
- Page 23 and 24: Within Ghana, there are several eco
- Page 25 and 26: Farming Systems The traditional far
- Page 27 and 28: Food preparation, cooking, eating,
- Page 29 and 30: many years that plagued Sub Saharan
- Page 31 and 32: permission not only from Kandiga’
- Page 33 and 34: landholder must grant permission fo
- Page 35 and 36: announcements and newspaper article
- Page 37 and 38: living among them. The longer I liv
- Page 39: dawadawa. Often this informal inter
- Page 43 and 44: The information I gathered in Ghana
- Page 45 and 46: Common names are African Locust Bea
- Page 47 and 48: The compound inflorescence is a rac
- Page 49 and 50: observed several baboons in the par
- Page 51 and 52: the effect of moisture and nitrogen
- Page 53 and 54: Traditional Uses for Parkia biglobo
- Page 55 and 56: infections, wounds, and fever the b
- Page 57 and 58: compared the nutritional value to o
- Page 59 and 60: used as flour to make into porridge
- Page 61 and 62: Figure 15 - Nuha nua and pepper pla
- Page 63 and 64: Zuini Seeds Boil in water for 14 ho
- Page 65 and 66: The process of producing soybean da
- Page 67 and 68: Based on my interview with the whol
- Page 69 and 70: dawadawa (Campbell-Platt 1980). In
- Page 71 and 72: The result of fermentation increase
- Page 73 and 74: Natural Regeneration of Parkia bigl
- Page 75 and 76: Tree planting and afforestation in
- Page 77 and 78: and the first rains, livestock are
- Page 79 and 80: History of Soybeans Chapter 6 Soybe
- Page 81 and 82: Colonials and missionaries in the 1
- Page 83 and 84: Chapter 7 Results and Discussion In
- Page 85 and 86: the zuini when the market is brimmi
- Page 87 and 88: legumes. This study took place in N
- Page 89 and 90: ICRAF 2000, Bakang and Garforth 199
I occasionally asked a Kandiga CCFI nursery worker who I worked with to act as<br />
liaison or translator during these formal interviews. My language fluency limited my full<br />
understanding and I relied on my colleagues to interpret for me. I also asked my village<br />
family to help me with translating and interpreting information. Occasionally, I would<br />
record the interviews on a micro cassette recorder and ask my village family to translate<br />
the tape, and I would transcribe the answers into my notes.<br />
Group Interviews<br />
A group interview process was helpful for soliciting information that <strong>of</strong>ten may<br />
not be extracted from a one on one interview (Alexiades 1996). Individuals within the<br />
group or the grouping itself, act as catalysts, <strong>of</strong>ten drawing out novel responses. I<br />
conducted group interviews with CCFI nursery workers and Peace Corps Volunteers at<br />
two In-Service Training (IST) and the CCFI Annual Review Workshop. One IST took<br />
place at Saltpond, Central Region, Ghana, from May 8-12, 2000. Another IST took place<br />
in Tamale, Northern Region, Ghana, from March 15-17, 2001. The CCFI 2001 Annual<br />
Review Workshop took place at Bunso Cocoa College, Eastern Region from August 20-<br />
24, 2001.<br />
An example <strong>of</strong> a group interview was one I conducted at the CCFI Annual<br />
Workshop with nursery workers from nurseries in northern Ghana. The opening question<br />
simply was “Tell me everything you know about dawadawa and the tree”. A lot <strong>of</strong><br />
information that I had already collected or observed would be mentioned. I would then<br />
try and facilitate the interview leading to more specific questions. My next question<br />
would be “Have you taken soybean dawadawa?”. A follow up question would be<br />
40
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