i Parkia biglobosa - School of Forest Resources & Environmental ...

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The Sudan savanna stretches from central Senegal, central Mali, southern Burkina Faso and Niger, northern Nigeria, and central Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia, northeast Uganda and central Tanzania. Table 1 describes the typical rainfall, length of growing season, the predominant vegetation, and common crops found for these zones. Table 1 - Description of Ecological zones (source Ker 1999) Ecological Zone Rainfall (mm) Growing Season (days) 24 Vegetation (Trees and grasses) Guinea savanna 900-1200 140-190 Vittelaria paradoxa, Parkia biglobosa, Adasonia digitata, Afzelia Africana, Isoberlina spp., Andropogon gayanus, Hyparrhenia spp.,Pennisetum spp. Sudan savanna 600-900 90-140 Faidherbia albida, Hyphaene thebiaca, Parkia spp., Cenchrus ciliaris, Eragrostis trula, Pennisetum pedicallatum Agricultural Crops Early millet, late millet, sorghum, rice, maize, groundnut Sorghum, millet, maize, cowpeas, groundnuts, cotton
Farming Systems The traditional farming system is shifting cultivation. Resources were effectively managed in an area of low soil fertility and limited external outputs by leaving land fallow. Increasing population pressures have supplanted this type of farming system. In Kandiga, many factors influence the type of farming system and its success. External factors such as location of roads and markets, access to improved seeds, fertilizers and internal factors such as available farm size, inherent soil fertility, labor force are all determinants of a favorable farming system. Critical aspects of the success of the farming system in this area are the soil fertility, risks involved (uncertain rainfall, crop and animal diseases, credit) and availability of labor (Ker 1999). Viehe (2000) identified three major farming systems in the Upper East Region of Ghana. The types identified consisted of pure arable, pure livestock, and mixed systems. An example of pure arable land use is a cash crop farm producing cotton. A pure livestock system involves land use devoted to intensive cattle production. Quansah (1990) reported that overstocking of cattle was common throughout the Upper East Region and Upper West Region. In the Bolgatanga and Navrongo Districts, cattle population density was 103 per 100 hectares, dramatically exceeding the estimated carrying capacity of one cow for 10 to 20 hectares. However, the most common and widespread farming system is this area is the compound farming system. This system is a mixed system of field crops and livestock: poultry, goats, sheep, and some cattle or donkeys. The compound house is comprised of related families, for example a father and mother, their sons and the sons’ wives and children. In a typical compound house in 25
Page 1 and 2: Parkia biglobosa: CHANGES IN RESOUR
Page 3 and 4: PREFACE This study was done between
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 - Plasteri
Page 7 and 8: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
Page 9 and 10: the CCFI program. The nursery provi
Page 11 and 12: local farmers had previously placed
Page 13 and 14: shipped from West Africa to the Ame
Page 15 and 16: equired targets for the meat proces
Page 17 and 18: Figure 2 - Map of Africa (http://ww
Page 19 and 20: Kandiga, Upper East Region My Peace
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 3 Study Area This section w
Page 23: Within Ghana, there are several eco
Page 27 and 28: Food preparation, cooking, eating,
Page 29 and 30: many years that plagued Sub Saharan
Page 31 and 32: permission not only from Kandiga’
Page 33 and 34: landholder must grant permission fo
Page 35 and 36: announcements and newspaper article
Page 37 and 38: living among them. The longer I liv
Page 39 and 40: dawadawa. Often this informal inter
Page 41 and 42: “Which do you prefer the real daw
Page 43 and 44: The information I gathered in Ghana
Page 45 and 46: Common names are African Locust Bea
Page 47 and 48: The compound inflorescence is a rac
Page 49 and 50: observed several baboons in the par
Page 51 and 52: the effect of moisture and nitrogen
Page 53 and 54: Traditional Uses for Parkia biglobo
Page 55 and 56: infections, wounds, and fever the b
Page 57 and 58: compared the nutritional value to o
Page 59 and 60: used as flour to make into porridge
Page 61 and 62: Figure 15 - Nuha nua and pepper pla
Page 63 and 64: Zuini Seeds Boil in water for 14 ho
Page 65 and 66: The process of producing soybean da
Page 67 and 68: Based on my interview with the whol
Page 69 and 70: dawadawa (Campbell-Platt 1980). In
Page 71 and 72: The result of fermentation increase
Page 73 and 74: Natural Regeneration of Parkia bigl
Page 75 and 76:
Tree planting and afforestation in
Page 77 and 78:
and the first rains, livestock are
Page 79 and 80:
History of Soybeans Chapter 6 Soybe
Page 81 and 82:
Colonials and missionaries in the 1
Page 83 and 84:
Chapter 7 Results and Discussion In
Page 85 and 86:
the zuini when the market is brimmi
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legumes. This study took place in N
Page 89 and 90:
ICRAF 2000, Bakang and Garforth 199
Page 91 and 92:
them. These farmers recognized, bas
Page 93 and 94:
fuelwood trees planted on their lan
Page 95 and 96:
are some of the illness that are tr
Page 97 and 98:
may replace P. biglobosa seeds as r
Page 99 and 100:
Booth, F.E.M., Wickens, G.E. 1988.
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Kotey, N.A. Francois, J., Owusu, J.
Page 103 and 104:
Timbilla, J.A., Braimah. H. 1994. A
Page 105 and 106:
SOY DAWADAWA (Women Farmers Extensi
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