i Parkia biglobosa - School of Forest Resources & Environmental ...

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3000ppm (Ker 1999). Nitrogen content is also low, the main source coming from biological nitrogen fixation by vegetation from the atmosphere. Parkia biglobosa, Faidherbia albiza, and groundnuts, are examples of native leguminous trees and plants in this area that fix nitrogen. Historically, land use in this area was a traditional shifting cultivation fallow system. This system allowed areas to lay fallow after two or three seasons of cultivation and natural vegetation would then regenerate. Vegetative cover reduces the damage from erosion. However, with increasing human and livestock population, these shallow soils are continually cultivated and browsed leaving the soil bare and highly susceptible to erosion from rain and wind without adequate protection provided by trees and vegetative cover. There are two distinct seasons in this region, the rainy season and dry season. The rainy season extends from the months of April through October while the dry season extends from the months of October through March. During the height of the dry season, from December through February, the desiccating Harmattan winds blows sand and silt down from the Sahara until March, when the temperatures rise upwards to 49° Celsius. The rains are intense throughout the rainy season. Tropical rains on average have six to ten times more erosive power than temperate rains (Ker 1999). Rates of rainfall intensity are variable but have been measured at 200 mm/h for brief time intervals. The seasonal distribution of the kinetic energy load, that is the intensity of the rain averaged over the season, results in 27-33% of the energy load occurring between April and June. These early rains in the season can cause substantial erosion since the soil is bare of vegetation (Quansah 1990). Estimates of soil loss are high in the area and with high erosion the result is declining soil productivity. 22
Within Ghana, there are several ecological zones. Kandiga lies within overlapping ecological zones, the Guinea savanna and Sudan savanna (Figure 6). The Guinea savanna stretches across the southern Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, through southern Mali, Burkina Faso, through northern Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin, central Nigeria, Chad, Central African Republic, southern Sudan, most of Uganda, and Western Kenya. Figure 6 – Ecological Zones in Ghana (source Timballa 1994) 23
Page 1 and 2: Parkia biglobosa: CHANGES IN RESOUR
Page 3 and 4: PREFACE This study was done between
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 - Plasteri
Page 7 and 8: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
Page 9 and 10: the CCFI program. The nursery provi
Page 11 and 12: local farmers had previously placed
Page 13 and 14: shipped from West Africa to the Ame
Page 15 and 16: equired targets for the meat proces
Page 17 and 18: Figure 2 - Map of Africa (http://ww
Page 19 and 20: Kandiga, Upper East Region My Peace
Page 21: Chapter 3 Study Area This section w
Page 25 and 26: Farming Systems The traditional far
Page 27 and 28: Food preparation, cooking, eating,
Page 29 and 30: many years that plagued Sub Saharan
Page 31 and 32: permission not only from Kandiga’
Page 33 and 34: landholder must grant permission fo
Page 35 and 36: announcements and newspaper article
Page 37 and 38: living among them. The longer I liv
Page 39 and 40: dawadawa. Often this informal inter
Page 41 and 42: “Which do you prefer the real daw
Page 43 and 44: The information I gathered in Ghana
Page 45 and 46: Common names are African Locust Bea
Page 47 and 48: The compound inflorescence is a rac
Page 49 and 50: observed several baboons in the par
Page 51 and 52: the effect of moisture and nitrogen
Page 53 and 54: Traditional Uses for Parkia biglobo
Page 55 and 56: infections, wounds, and fever the b
Page 57 and 58: compared the nutritional value to o
Page 59 and 60: used as flour to make into porridge
Page 61 and 62: Figure 15 - Nuha nua and pepper pla
Page 63 and 64: Zuini Seeds Boil in water for 14 ho
Page 65 and 66: The process of producing soybean da
Page 67 and 68: Based on my interview with the whol
Page 69 and 70: dawadawa (Campbell-Platt 1980). In
Page 71 and 72: The result of fermentation increase
Page 73 and 74:
Natural Regeneration of Parkia bigl
Page 75 and 76:
Tree planting and afforestation in
Page 77 and 78:
and the first rains, livestock are
Page 79 and 80:
History of Soybeans Chapter 6 Soybe
Page 81 and 82:
Colonials and missionaries in the 1
Page 83 and 84:
Chapter 7 Results and Discussion In
Page 85 and 86:
the zuini when the market is brimmi
Page 87 and 88:
legumes. This study took place in N
Page 89 and 90:
ICRAF 2000, Bakang and Garforth 199
Page 91 and 92:
them. These farmers recognized, bas
Page 93 and 94:
fuelwood trees planted on their lan
Page 95 and 96:
are some of the illness that are tr
Page 97 and 98:
may replace P. biglobosa seeds as r
Page 99 and 100:
Booth, F.E.M., Wickens, G.E. 1988.
Page 101 and 102:
Kotey, N.A. Francois, J., Owusu, J.
Page 103 and 104:
Timbilla, J.A., Braimah. H. 1994. A
Page 105 and 106:
SOY DAWADAWA (Women Farmers Extensi
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