i Parkia biglobosa - School of Forest Resources & Environmental ...

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Gakou, M., Force, J.E., McLaughlin, W.J. 1994. Non-timber forest products in rural Mali: a study of villager use. Agroforestry Systems 28: 213-226 Haard, N.F., Odunfa, S.A., Lee, C. 1999. Fermented Cereals. A Global Perspective. FAO Agricultural Bulletin No. 138. FAO Rome Hardin, G. The Tragedy of the Commons. Science. 162: 1243-1248 Heist, W.L. 2001. Community tree nurseries in Ghana, West Africa: A Case Study of the Collaborative Community Forestry Initiative (CCFI). Master’s Thesis, Michigan Technological University Hendrickx, G., Napal, A., Dao, B., Batawui, D., De Deken, R., Vermeilen, A., Slngenbergh, J.H.W. 1999. A Systematic Approach to Area-Wide Tsetse Distribution and Abundance Maps. Bulletin of Entomological Research. 89: 231-244 Hopkins, H.C., 1983. The Taxonomy, Reproductive Biology and Economic Potential of Parkia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) in Africa and Madagascar. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 87: 135-137. Ibrahim, M.H., Antai, S.P. 1986. Chemical changes during the fermentation of African locust-bean (Parkia filicoidea Wels) seeds for production of ‘Daddawa’. Qualitas Plantarum = Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 36: 179-184 Ikenebomeh, M.J., Kok, R., Ingram, J.M. 1986. Processing and Fermentation of the African Locust Bean (Parkia filicoidea Welw.) to produce Dawadawa. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 37: 273-282 Kasanga, K., Kotey, N.A. 2001. Land Management in Ghana: Building on Tradition and Modernity. International Institute for Environment and Development (iied). London, UK. 34p Keatinge, J.D.H., Breman, H., Manyong, V.M., Vanlauwe, B., Wendt, J. 2001. Sustaining Soil Fertility in West Africa in the Face of Rapidly Increasing Pressure for Agricultural Intensification in Sustaining Soil Fertility in West Africa. Soil Science Society of America (SSSA) Special Publication Number 58. Madison, WI. 321p Ker, A. 1999. Farming Systems of the African Savanna. A Continent in Crisis. International Development Research Centre. Canada http://www.idrc.ca/books/focus/793 Konlani, S., Lamboni, C., Améyapoh, Y. and de Souza, C. 1999. Microbiology and Biochemical Composition of “Tonou”, a Food Condiment from Fermented Seeds of Parkia biglobosa (Locust Bean) and Soybean. Food Biotechnology. 13(3): 217-225 100
Kotey, N.A. Francois, J., Owusu, J.G., Yeboah, R., Amanor, K.S., Antwi, J. Falling Into Place: Ghana Country Study: Policy That Works. Forests and People Series No. 4. International Institute for Environment and Development (iied) Kranjac-Berisavljevic,G., Bayorbor, T.B., Obeng, F. 1999. Rethinking Natural Resource Degradation in Semi-arid Sub-Saharan Arica: Case Study – Dunglaagberuk, East Mamprusi District, Northern Region of Ghana. Paper prepared for Overseas Development Institute (ODI). London Kyei-Boateng, S. 2001. Charcoal producers destroy more trees in Daily Graphic. August 29, 2001. Number 148306. Ghana Lager, M. 1945. The Useful Soybean, A Plus Factor in Modern Living. Maple Press. New York. 295p Latunde-Dada, G.O. 1997. Fermented Foods and Cottage industries in Nigeria. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. Volume 18 No. 4. FAO http://www.unu.edu/unupress/food/V184e/ch3htm Leonard, R., Toulmin, C. 2000. Women and Land Tenure, A Review of Issues and Challenges in Africa. Paper sponsored by OECD and UK Department of International Development (DFID). 18p Library of Congress. 2002. Ghana: A Country Study http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/ghtoc.html Lykke, A.M. 2000. Local perceptions of vegetation change and priorities for conservation of woody-savanna vegetation in Senegal. Journal of Environmental Management. 59: 107-120 Madeley, J. 2000. Trade and Hunger. Seedling: The Quarterly Newsletter of Genetic Resources International (GRAIN) Martin, G.J. 1995. Ethnobotany. People and Plants Conservation Manuals. World Wide Fund for Nature International. Chapman and Hall. London. 267p Mertz, O., Lykke, A.M., and Reenberg, A. 2001. Importance and Seasonality of Vegetable Consumption and Marketing in Burkina Faso. Economic Botany 55(2): 276- 289. Miller, D., Aniah, R., Atoyure, P. 1999. Shrines and Groves. Compass Newsletter for Endogenous Development Number 2 http://www.etcint.org/compas_newsl.htm Naylor, R. 2000. Ghana An Oxfam Country Profile. Oxfam. Great Britain. 88p 101
Page 1 and 2:
Parkia biglobosa: CHANGES IN RESOUR
Page 3 and 4:
PREFACE This study was done between
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 - Plasteri
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
Page 9 and 10:
the CCFI program. The nursery provi
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local farmers had previously placed
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shipped from West Africa to the Ame
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equired targets for the meat proces
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Figure 2 - Map of Africa (http://ww
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Kandiga, Upper East Region My Peace
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Chapter 3 Study Area This section w
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Within Ghana, there are several eco
Page 25 and 26:
Farming Systems The traditional far
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Food preparation, cooking, eating,
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many years that plagued Sub Saharan
Page 31 and 32:
permission not only from Kandiga’
Page 33 and 34:
landholder must grant permission fo
Page 35 and 36:
announcements and newspaper article
Page 37 and 38:
living among them. The longer I liv
Page 39 and 40:
dawadawa. Often this informal inter
Page 41 and 42:
“Which do you prefer the real daw
Page 43 and 44:
The information I gathered in Ghana
Page 45 and 46:
Common names are African Locust Bea
Page 47 and 48:
The compound inflorescence is a rac
Page 49 and 50: observed several baboons in the par
Page 51 and 52: the effect of moisture and nitrogen
Page 53 and 54: Traditional Uses for Parkia biglobo
Page 55 and 56: infections, wounds, and fever the b
Page 57 and 58: compared the nutritional value to o
Page 59 and 60: used as flour to make into porridge
Page 61 and 62: Figure 15 - Nuha nua and pepper pla
Page 63 and 64: Zuini Seeds Boil in water for 14 ho
Page 65 and 66: The process of producing soybean da
Page 67 and 68: Based on my interview with the whol
Page 69 and 70: dawadawa (Campbell-Platt 1980). In
Page 71 and 72: The result of fermentation increase
Page 73 and 74: Natural Regeneration of Parkia bigl
Page 75 and 76: Tree planting and afforestation in
Page 77 and 78: and the first rains, livestock are
Page 79 and 80: History of Soybeans Chapter 6 Soybe
Page 81 and 82: Colonials and missionaries in the 1
Page 83 and 84: Chapter 7 Results and Discussion In
Page 85 and 86: the zuini when the market is brimmi
Page 87 and 88: legumes. This study took place in N
Page 89 and 90: ICRAF 2000, Bakang and Garforth 199
Page 91 and 92: them. These farmers recognized, bas
Page 93 and 94: fuelwood trees planted on their lan
Page 95 and 96: are some of the illness that are tr
Page 97 and 98: may replace P. biglobosa seeds as r
Page 99: Booth, F.E.M., Wickens, G.E. 1988.
Page 103 and 104: Timbilla, J.A., Braimah. H. 1994. A
Page 105 and 106: SOY DAWADAWA (Women Farmers Extensi
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