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Venezuela: The Life and Times of the Party System - Political ...

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ABSTRACT<br />

<strong>Political</strong> parties have been at <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> modern <strong>Venezuela</strong>n democracy from <strong>the</strong> beginning.<br />

Strong, highly disciplined, <strong>and</strong> nationally organized parties have dominated political organization<br />

<strong>and</strong> action in <strong>the</strong> modern period. Parties have penetrated <strong>and</strong> controlled organized social life <strong>and</strong><br />

effectively monopolized resources <strong>and</strong> channels <strong>of</strong> political action. Beginning in <strong>the</strong> 1980s, <strong>the</strong><br />

political parties <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> party system as a whole have experienced mounting criticism <strong>and</strong><br />

challenge. In a time <strong>of</strong> growing economic, social, <strong>and</strong> political crisis, efforts have none<strong>the</strong>less<br />

been made to loosen national control <strong>and</strong> open new channels for citizen participation with <strong>the</strong> aim<br />

<strong>of</strong> ‘democratizing <strong>Venezuela</strong>n democracy.’ <strong>The</strong> ability <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parties to implement <strong>the</strong>se reforms,<br />

<strong>and</strong> to reform <strong>the</strong>mselves in <strong>the</strong> process, is central to <strong>the</strong> survival <strong>of</strong> effective democracy in<br />

<strong>Venezuela</strong>.<br />

RESUMEN<br />

Desde sus inicios, los partidos políticos han estado en el centro de la democracia en <strong>Venezuela</strong>.<br />

La vida política de la moderna <strong>Venezuela</strong> ha sido dominada por partidos políticos fuertes,<br />

disciplinados y organizados a escala nacional. Los partidos políticos han penetrado y controlado<br />

la vida social y han monopolizado los recursos y canales de la acción política. Desde inicios de<br />

la década de 1980, los partidos y el sistema de partidos como un todo han confrontado la crítica<br />

creciente, se han visto retados, y han puesto en marcha un conjunto de reformas. Estas<br />

reformas pretenden debilitar el control nacional de la dirigencia partidista, abrir nuevos canales<br />

de participación ciudadana, para de ese modo democratizar más la democracia venezolana.<br />

Estos intentos han ocurrido en un momento de creciente crisis económica, social y política. La<br />

habilidad de los partidos para poner en marcha estas reformas y para autorreformarse son<br />

cruciales para la sobrevivencia de una democracia efectiva en <strong>Venezuela</strong>.

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