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Working with Older Volunteers in Manual Intergenerational Projects However, it should be noted that this data applies to general travel activities regardless of destination and purpose of travel, which suggests an even lesser participation for travels abroad or educational tours. Retirement Criterion In connection with the aim of TRAMP, i.e. to consider age-related disadvantages affecting the mobility of elderly employees, the issue of retirement seems to bear a special significance. Thus, the abovementioned final report “Environment and Age” demonstrates that mobility declines as a result of retirement. Concerning tourist trips there are obvious differences in terms of travel frequency: while travellers aged between 25 and 64 travel 0.5 times per year, the over 65s only travel 0.25 times per year. Thus, the statistic “indicates that the EU citizens above 65 travel abroad for tourism half as frequently as the younger population. This probably reflects that this group includes both healthy and active elderly and older and less mobile cohorts.” 8 Furthermore, major differences exist between the member states of the EU. The exact reasons for this decline are not stated in this context. It is to be assumed that, in addition to health problems, financial losses and the simultaneous increase of the needs of the elderly make travelling more difficult for them. Income Criterion For this reason the financial situation of elderly employees is significant as a further travelling factor. The available income decreases following retirement. In general, people with a low income, particularly those retired, have fewer means of travelling beyond national borders and are therefore limited in their mobility. 9 Incomes are unequally distributed across social groups. The problem of travel expenses increasingly applies to the population of financially weak EU-countries, which sees no opportunities of transnational mobility due to the financial gaps within the EU. Education Criterion Furthermore, statistics refer to the correlation between general travel activities and the level of education. 10 It is to be assumed that people with a lower level of education are not only generally less mobile, but that they participate in trips abroad and educational tours to a lesser extent than people with a higher level of education. The same applies to foreign language skills. In accordance Commission, DG Environment, 2008, (S 20) http://ec.europa.eu/environment/enveco/ others/pdf/ageing.pdf 8 ebd.:21 9 Tackling Poverty and Social Exclusion of Older People – Lessons from Europe, Working paper 308, Andreas Hoff, Oxford Institute of Ageing, October 2008, www.ageing.ox.ac. uk; Eurostat: Armutsgefährdungsquote nach Altersgruppe 2008 http://epp.eurostat. ec.europa.eu/tgm/graph.do?tab=graph&plugin=1&pcode=tsdsc230&language=de&tool box=data 10 Ministerium für Gesundheit, Soziales, Frauen und Familie NRW: Leben im Alter. Düsseldorf 2003:102. Set of Methods 67
TRAMP – Transnational Mobility of Older People in Europe 68 Part II with the aim of the TRAMP project, this group should receive particular attention. Definition of Target Group within the TRAMP Project The target group for the TRAMP project involves employees who have reached the age of 50 with a particular focus on those already retired. Particular consideration is given to the needs of those who usually cannot participate in transnational exchange programmes due to a lack of financial means and/ or fewer educational opportunities.
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Acknowledgement The text of this pu
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Part II Set of Methods Chapter 1 De
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Foreword At a workshop in Prague, a
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Working with Older Volunteers in Ma
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Products and results • • •
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General Conditions • • • •
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Organisation of Exchange Week Imple
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European exchanges by and for older
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