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Working with Older Volunteers in Manual Intergenerational Projects pe and Active Citizenship for the Elderly” refers to medium-term educational experiences of three to six months in the areas of informal education, job training, cultural expansion and exchange of life experiences. (see also: support programmes) Different approaches were researched and prepared in the ENEA programme. 18 projects were conducted during the “Pilot Programme“ phase in 2003-2004 and 11 projects during the “Preparatory Action“ phase in 2006- 2007: “In this context, it becomes increasingly important to mobilise the full potential of older people through active ageing, which implies allowing older people to stay longer in the labour market and to develop their contribution to society, notably as volunteers. Active ageing can be supported through efforts to promote the mobility of older people, giving them access to a wider range of opportunities for employment or volunteer activities across the European Union. Moreover, mobility of older people, as workers, volunteers or tourists, may create new employment opportunities, including for older workers themselves.” 4 In addition to the TRAMP project, two other projects promoting the societal commitment of the elderly were “Think Future Volunteer Together“ of the SPES Associazione Promozione e Solidarietà in Italy and “Golden Years” of the International Federation of the Society of St.Vincent de Paul in France. Aspects of Mobility Depending on the context of various European policy areas such as “social affairs”, “education”, “transport”, tourism” etc., the term mobility is subject to very different allocations of meaning. Regarding the geographical aspect of mobility, research is frequently conducted in terms of transport policies such as the aspect of traffic participation of the elderly, the improvement of conditions of their participation or the effects of their participation on the environment. 5 However, mobility can also be understood in terms of its significance for the older generation as the remaining option of mobility, as an expression of vitality and independence and as societal integration and participation. 6 Mobility-related Aims of the TRAMP Project The objective of TRAMP corresponds to a definition of mobility, which refers to a transnational mobility of elderly (former) employees on the one hand, 4 European Commision DG Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, Call for Proposals VP/2007/009, ENEA PREPARATORY ACTION ON ACTIVE AGEING AND MOBILITY OF ELDERLY PEOPLE http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/ calls/2007/vp_2007_009/call_en.pdf 5 AENEAS is a European project in the framework of the Intelligent Energy Europe (IEE) programme. Its acronym stands for „Attaining Energy-Efficient Mobility in an Ageing Society.“; http://www.aeneas-project.eu/?page=home; Environment and Ageing - Final Report, COWI / European Commission Directorate - General Environment, 2008, http://ec.europa.eu/environment/enveco/others/pdf/ageing.pdf 6 European Commision, Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities http:// ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=502&langId=en Set of Methods 65
TRAMP – Transnational Mobility of Older People in Europe 66 Part II and considers the motive for mobility on the other. This particularly involves the promotion of active ageing, the active integration of elderly women and men as volunteers working for the general interest and giving them access to a wider range of volunteer activities across the European Union. Definition of “Mobility“ in the TRAMP Project Mobility refers to the opportunity of elderly (former) employees aged 50 and above to move freely beyond national borders within the EU. The purpose of mobility includes volunteering, education, cultural and personal exchange as well as the use and sharing of competencies in the third sector. The time frame of stays abroad relevant for the project refers to a short-term stay (between 1 week and 10 days) and not to a permanent settlement in another EU country. Definition of “Target Group” The aim of the TRAMP project is to promote the EU-wide transnational mobility of the elderly, particularly of (former) employees with limited language skills, in order to facilitate their participation in exchange programmes within the EU. This should specifically address the elderly who, for whatever reason, have little transnational mobility opportunities outside tourist-related travel. As a result, the selection of a project-related target group is particularly based on the criteria of age and retirement, but also the financial situation and status of language skills. Age Criterion The investigation of obstacles and success factors for transnational mobility focuses on elderly people aged 55 and over. With regard to this group, and more so the group of over 65s, out-of-home activities are declining and the willingness and/or opportunity to be mobile limited compared to the younger generation. “While on average 55 % of the population makes at least one annual holiday trip of a duration of four nights or more, this is only the case for 41% of the population aged 65 years and older. More than 6 out of 10 holiday trips are spent within the country of residence, for the older cohorts more than 7 out of 10 trips are domestic trips. Of the tourists, those aged 65 and older on average make the most and the longest trips (in terms of days). This indicates that a large share of the elderly do not at all make tourist trips while on the other hand there is a group of active elderly who makes relatively frequent - and in terms of days – long tourist trips. ..the elderly population accounts for 20 % of the population but only 15 % of the tourists..” 7 7 EUROSTAT, Statistics in Focus 69/2008, Julia URHAUSEN:Tourism in Europe: does age matter? http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-SF-08-069/EN/ KS-SF-08-069-EN.PDF; Environment and Ageing - Final Report, COWI / European
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European exchanges by and for older
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