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Working with Older Volunteers in Manual Intergenerational Projects Necessary materials: Depending on the participants’ wish for the implementation of the role play: tables, chairs, glasses, beverages. Also facilitation cards, pin board, flip chart. Slide 1: A-country and B-country are states whose population groups, A-people and B-people, are very different regarding their culture. The A-people live in villages, deal with agriculture and own large estates. They have received a message from the B-people with whom they haven’t had much contact before. The B-people primarily live in major cities and are business people who want to establish a holiday camp on the premises of the A-people and therefore want to lease or buy land. Now both groups meet in a first negotiation round. Task sheet 1: Instructions for A-people A-people live in villages, deal with agriculture and own large estates. They prepare for a visit to the B-people who live in major cities and with whom they had no previous contact. The B-people want to establish a holiday camp for 300 people on the premises of the A-people and request negotiations concerning the purchase or lease of land. Rules of social behaviour of A-people • The traditional manner of greeting is a bow. A polite distance is maintained and closeness avoided outside the circle of immediate family and friends. • Initially, strangers are met with considerable reserve. The elaborate exchange of fixed greeting rules is part of every contact. • It is considered polite to initially refuse offered drinks or food. • Transactions are only concluded with people whose family situation and professional status are known. Good personal contacts are always part of business relationships. • Politeness is considered one of the most important characteristics. To say “no” immediately is considered an offence. Therefore questions are always answered with “yes”, because “yes” means “I have understood“. In order to refuse something, various paraphrases are used to remain polite. • Decisions are made following extensive mutual consultation, which the spokesman will pass on. Once a decision is made, the others will support the spokesman. • Only men speak publicly. Men and women will only talk to each other, if they are related. Women provide the group with beverages. • Everyone takes their time during discussions and speaks slowly . • The community takes land ownership very seriously. Land will only be sold or used by others, if all members of the culture give their consent. Task sheet 2: Instructions for B-people B-people live in cities and have different professions. They have announced a visit to the A-people with the request to set up a holiday camp for 300 people on the premises of the A-people or to purchase this land. They are now in the process of preparing negotiations for the purchase or lease of the land. Set of Methods 155
TRAMP – Transnational Mobility of Older People in Europe 156 Part II Rules of social behaviour of B-people • B-people are very sociable and like to laugh. • In order to ensure the attention of discussion partners, they like to touch the other person’s arm. Respect is demonstrated by patting each other’s back. • Determination and honesty are important values in this society. It is uncommon to change the subject or to discuss unimportant details. Problems and desires are addressed directly, negotiations and disputes are brief and straightforward. Clear answers are very much appreciated. • B-people are very democratic: men and women are equal partners. Everyone can participate in discussions and voice an opinion. Everyone may add their own thoughts at any time during negotiations. • Someone who has achieved many good business transactions is considered a successful person. Collectively achieved assets are directly distributed among the members according to their rendered efforts. At the same time, all members have to invest into a joint project depending on their prospective efforts. • Family and business life is strictly separated. Questions for analysis • Question 1: What did you feel during the game and what were the reasons for this feeling? • Question 2: What did you learn about the other people’s culture? What were the behavioural rules of the others? What are the differences between the two cultures? The mentioned differences may be divided into the following categories, if necessary, with the help of facilitation cards: • Forms of greeting and social manners: different procedures, degree of ritualisation, degree of intensity • Body language, distance and closeness: gestures, facial expressions, proximity, body contacts • Communication behaviour: direct, indirect communication, degree of ritualisation • Business behaviour: separation or mixing of business and private life, land as commodity or inalienable commodity (private vs. common property) • Values such as politeness and honesty: relativity of honesty (yes – no); mutual exclusion of both aspects • Concept of time: slow or fast pace, task-oriented or appointment-oriented approach • Hierarchy of society: egalitarian or hierarchical order, individual freedom or orientation towards the community • Gender ratio: gender divide or gender mixing, differentiation of labour according to gender yes or no, gender allocation regarding public/private sector • Question 3: What were the difficulties of communication? What conflicts arose and how? • Question 4: Can experiences be transferred to real situations? • Question 5: What can be done to avoid conflicts? Further reading The exercise is downloadable from the internet under various names (common terms for both parties are minorities and majorities), see e.g. • www.gwdg.de/~kflechs/iikdiaps2-93.htm • www.ikkompetenz.thueringen.de/fremdheitserfahrung/simulation/index.htm
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Part II Set of Methods Chapter 1 De
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Foreword At a workshop in Prague, a
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Products and results • • •
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The objective of the evaluation was
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Homepage of the TRAMP database Work
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Topic language and culture 1. Langu
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Manual work as a Means of Education
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