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self to understanding the symbolic playing out of conversational facework. 7.6 Conclusion This chapter has analysed sociable selves in sociable episodes. After setting out the intellectual provenance from which my initial conceptual isation of the self was taken (7.1), 1 moved on to present a set of salient conversational and sociable selves which I have observed both through my own extensive participation in both German and English sociable gatherings and analysis of the conversational episodes (see table 7.1) (7.2). In presenting what I termed 'types of selves', I hope to have highlighted some of the salient symbolic conversational entities routinely mobilised by English and German conversationalists in the doing of their respective sociabilities. Moving on from this initial typification, I spent the majority of the chapter attempting to illustrate by drawing on the conversational data how these selves may be manifest in actual sociable episodes (7.3 and 7.4 respectively). The aim of these chapters was to illustrate the typifications set out in table 7.1 rather than attempt any analysis of the conversational data as such (see for example Chapter 6). In the following chapter I shall attempt to adopt a primarily analytical stance by examining the alignment of selves in four episodes of naturally occurring sociable conversation drawn from the sociable topic categories identified earlier (see table 5.1). What I have presented here has been an illustrated selection of exemplar conversational selves routinely in and as the activity of sociable conversation in each respective culture. These have not been a priori categories but rather ones which I have identified from both my participant observations in situ and analysis of the selected conversational episodes (see Chapter 4). In effect, what I have captured and presented in the preceding discussion is some of the fundamental symbolic building blocks for sociable conversation, and to that extent, for conversational facework as alignment in each respective culture. Alongside the analytical and illustrative nature of the discussion, as with previous chapters (see Chapters 5 and 6), 1 have attempted to maintain and 232
develop the comparative focus, one which shall be continued in the following chapter and consolidated in Chapter 9. In the next chapter I shall attempt to illustrate how these conversational selves as presentational entities can be employed the meeting of negative and positive face needs in terms of face predicated on what I shall term the conversational self-construal. In terms of the overall thesis, I shall use this chapter to conduct a final analysis of English and German sociable conversation as an issue not of differences in language use, but of one grounded in different mobilisations and alignments of conversational selves which satisfies both negative and positive face needs in each respective milieu. 233
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FACEWORK IN ENGLISH AND GERMAN SOCI
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CHAPTER 4: DOING SOCIA(B)L(E) SCIEN
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Table List of Tables 1.1 Archetypal
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Conversational Excerpts Excerpt Pag
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgements se
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The 'Research Problem' Introduction
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Taking these problematics as a star
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At the time, this proposal seemed e
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the self and its relationship to on
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activity of sociable conversation,
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including the application of the fa
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CHAPTER I FACE AND FACEWORK: CONCEP
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1.1 Foundational Texts In order to
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communicative action could be seen
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Fig. 1.1 Goffman's Model of Ritual
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distribution of his feelings, and t
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empirically difficult' phenomenon (
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etween self and other). Conversatio
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allowing in effect a speaker to cri
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as an equilibric practice, allowing
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universality, particularly in studi
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Table 1.3 Individualist (LCC) and C
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Morisaki and Gudykunst (1994) emplo
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Mao (1994) addresses this tension b
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Tannen's work (1981 a; 1981 b) perh
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1.3 Culture, Facework, Equilibrium
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facework operates on an underlying
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CHAPTER 2 ANGLO-SAXON CHALK AND TEU
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impolite. However, I soon came to r
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in potential or actual conflict sit
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salient differences. For example, G
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Watts observed that German conversa
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Finally, although Watts argued that
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elatively little overlap, and a gen
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contributions, with the former set
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fully and substantively, what was r
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oriented to unmitigated disagreemen
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2.3 Communicative Underpinnings The
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service but by more confrontational
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Finally, additional explanatory dim
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specific communicative practices, a
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Brown and Levinson (1987). Indeed,
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Notes to Chapter 2 11 use the term
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This chapter then can be regarded a
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asic irreducible sociological varia
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Fraser (1990) who, in also attempti
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particularly amenable to such a heu
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identify certain underlying dynamic
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In fact, these two opposing orienta
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at any given point in the flow of c
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orderly and meaningful conversation
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locally managed and constantly in d
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Poles of Alignment Fig. 3.6 Sociabl
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toward a clearer understanding of w
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Notes to Chapter 3 1 See also Brown
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4.1 Research Questions In the previ
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eferring to as sociable includes in
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The decision on quantity of data wa
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largely anecdotal evidence from whi
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such as laughter sequences. I also
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Table 4.3 Data: Omissions from Anal
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The obtrusiveness of my recording w
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hand, I did not want to engage in t
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German. However, these episodes asi
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presented here provides a necessary
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two chapters (Chapters 6 and 7). He
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Hand shakes for example were infreq
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eing invariably solidaric in nature
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claimed on the part of the particip
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Table 5.1 Sociable Topics Topic Cat
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in my observations of German sociab
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collective past peppered with indiv
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In the next chapter I want to explo
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CHAPTER 6 ALIGNMENT IN ACTION: NEGA
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shall not be carried forward into t
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These various symbols are intended
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Rather than
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19 EP: ' [Although I mean that [now
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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detrimental effects foreigners are
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41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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28 HB: but at the end of the day >1
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approach, I hope to further illumin
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37 KJ: I never had any day to day (
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2 bevor (. ) die Schlange nicht zeh
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ot non-ratifi cation and non-suppor
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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What happens in this particular exc
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To reiterate, positive threshold br
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41 LIP: [IN FACT THERE WAs quite a
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What happens here is that KIP proff
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Page 197 and 198: and English differences in conversa
Page 199 and 200: Notes to Chapter 6 1 The only insta
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Page 217 and 218: Excerpt 7.6'Up a Hill' The sociable
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Page 225 and 226: Excerpt 7.10 Was muss Mann machen?
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Page 229 and 230: 7.4 Positive Selves I suggested ear
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Page 241: of these selves at conversational w
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Page 249 and 250: Fig 8.2b The Individuated Selves (a
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Page 261 and 262: Conversely, in considering the next
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Page 265 and 266: however, such narrating selves are
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Page 273 and 274: 6 (0.5) 7 EP: America is booming at
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Page 277 and 278: In terms of the selves mobilised, t
Page 279 and 280: in 'Cookie's Party'- again, a secon
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Page 283 and 284: is HB: =Yeah not at all but e:: rm=
Page 285 and 286: episode takes place. Rather, the ta
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Page 289 and 290: What this talk demonstrates is that
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demeaned and knowledgeable selves (
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preceding comments regarding sociab
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CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSION: THE TO AND FR
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identified in conversational behavi
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handled sociable topics, in terms o
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to bring themselves and their inter
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sociable conversation. This sociabl
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maintain the underlying equilibrium
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allowed for by the facework as alig
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somebody who is overly-friendly, ge
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Fig 9.2 A Maxim of Conversational P
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Notes to Chapter 9 1 When we are ta
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German Participants Name Age Occupa
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German Gatherings Gathering Date Se
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Brown, G., and Yule, G. (1983) Disc
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Ervin-Tripp, S., Nakamura, K, and G
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Hellweg, S A., Samovar, L A., and S
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Hu, H C. (1944) The Chinese concept
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- (1979) 'Stylistic Strategies with
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- (1994) 'Facework in Communication
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Snell-Hornby, M.. (1984) 'The Lingu
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Trubisky, P., Ting-Toomey, S., and
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