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9 RT: Hm:: 10 EP: Or together--yeah: 11 (0.5) 12 RT: In any case we'll have to take Hei: ke [home 13 FT: [Yeah: that's what I mean 14 (0.5) 15 RT: We'll have to (. ) take her home first of all=[after that 16 FT: [But then we could go to our 17 place couldn't we= 18 PN: =Hm:: 19 20 EP: Yeah (0.5) that would be a possi[bility= 21 KN: [Yeah 22 RT: =But then we could [meet at Allersee couldn't [we 23 EP: [Yeah 24 KN: [Yeah that's an idea= 25 26 PN: =Yeah 27 EP: Yeah (1) from when will you be there 28 (0.5) 29 RT: Well (0.5) around the afternoon= 30 31 KN: EP: =But not before L3 o'clock= [To us it's the same 32 (1) 33 34 RT: Well (0.5) shall we say (1) 4 o'clock (0.5) at the entrance 35 KN: Yeah=that's [manageable (. ) isn't [it Peter 36 EP: [Hm: 37 PN: [Hm:: Similar to English re-invoked selves, it may be the case that German pre- invoked selves are contingent on some in-group status and therefore not only endemic but perhaps unique to sociable conversation. These then are salient and frequently mobilised conversational and sociable selves in each respective culture. In and through the mobilisation, speakers - and by virtue of their alignments, recipients - are able to take varying degrees of positive alignment. 7.5 Summary: Sociable Selves - Player, Images, and Positive Social Values In the preceding discussion I have attempted to expand on and evidence the sociable selves set out in table 7.1. A re-reading of the data presented in Chapter 6 may, in the light of this particular chapter, further evidence some 230
of these selves at conversational work. Whereas the previous chapter focused on demonstrating the contingencies of positive and negative alignment practices, this chapter has been about setting out some of the symbolic building blocks which allow those practices to be manifest as sociable conversation. In using the concept of the self (7.1), 1 have gone beyond the basing my arguments in general propensities of sociable conversation (see Chapter 3) to consider more specifically how such propensities may be played out conversationally as part and parcel of the sociable practices. This is achieved I have argued in and through a range of culturally available sociable selves. I stated at the beginning of this chapter that the concept of the self employed here was based in the dual mandate reading of Goffman (see 7.1). That is, the self as conversational performer or player, and the self as image proffered in and through talk (Cf. Goffman 1963; 1971). Fundamentally, this notion of the self was posited as being informed at a cultural level by prevailing positive social values (see 7.1). Upon reflecting on the findings presented in sections 7.2 to 7.4, it is clear that the performances made and images presented in the normal process of conducting sociable episodes in each respective milieu are variously influenced by those values. German sociable conversation requires for instance participants to mobilise demeaned, knowledgeable, and examinatory selves in and through their sociable conversation. This can be clearly seen to index the values set out in 7.1 and Chapter 2. Likewise, English sociabilist, in and through their performances and proffered images - narrative / narrated and often abased in nature - can clearly be seen to be claiming (Goffman 1967) the positive social values operating in their particular cultural milieu. Participant in both cultures then can be seen to be aligning themselves to fellow participants, the situation as a sociable one, and a higher set of shared cultural vales. What has been implied as alignment throughout will be the focus of interest in the following and final of the analytical chapters. In terms of the usefulness of the concept of the self in allowing some analytical purchase both here, and as part of the study as a whole, I would argue that the data presented has clearly evidenced the amenability of a sociological conceptual i sation to actual spoken interaction and highlighted the centrality of the concept of the 231
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FACEWORK IN ENGLISH AND GERMAN SOCI
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CHAPTER 4: DOING SOCIA(B)L(E) SCIEN
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Table List of Tables 1.1 Archetypal
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Conversational Excerpts Excerpt Pag
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgements se
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The 'Research Problem' Introduction
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Taking these problematics as a star
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At the time, this proposal seemed e
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the self and its relationship to on
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activity of sociable conversation,
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including the application of the fa
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CHAPTER I FACE AND FACEWORK: CONCEP
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1.1 Foundational Texts In order to
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communicative action could be seen
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Fig. 1.1 Goffman's Model of Ritual
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distribution of his feelings, and t
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empirically difficult' phenomenon (
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etween self and other). Conversatio
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allowing in effect a speaker to cri
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as an equilibric practice, allowing
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universality, particularly in studi
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Table 1.3 Individualist (LCC) and C
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Morisaki and Gudykunst (1994) emplo
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Mao (1994) addresses this tension b
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Tannen's work (1981 a; 1981 b) perh
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1.3 Culture, Facework, Equilibrium
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facework operates on an underlying
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CHAPTER 2 ANGLO-SAXON CHALK AND TEU
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impolite. However, I soon came to r
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in potential or actual conflict sit
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salient differences. For example, G
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Watts observed that German conversa
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Finally, although Watts argued that
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elatively little overlap, and a gen
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contributions, with the former set
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fully and substantively, what was r
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oriented to unmitigated disagreemen
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2.3 Communicative Underpinnings The
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service but by more confrontational
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Finally, additional explanatory dim
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specific communicative practices, a
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Brown and Levinson (1987). Indeed,
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Notes to Chapter 2 11 use the term
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This chapter then can be regarded a
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asic irreducible sociological varia
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Fraser (1990) who, in also attempti
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particularly amenable to such a heu
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identify certain underlying dynamic
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In fact, these two opposing orienta
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at any given point in the flow of c
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orderly and meaningful conversation
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locally managed and constantly in d
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Poles of Alignment Fig. 3.6 Sociabl
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toward a clearer understanding of w
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Notes to Chapter 3 1 See also Brown
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4.1 Research Questions In the previ
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eferring to as sociable includes in
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The decision on quantity of data wa
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largely anecdotal evidence from whi
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such as laughter sequences. I also
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Table 4.3 Data: Omissions from Anal
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The obtrusiveness of my recording w
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hand, I did not want to engage in t
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German. However, these episodes asi
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presented here provides a necessary
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two chapters (Chapters 6 and 7). He
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Hand shakes for example were infreq
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eing invariably solidaric in nature
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claimed on the part of the particip
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Table 5.1 Sociable Topics Topic Cat
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in my observations of German sociab
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collective past peppered with indiv
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In the next chapter I want to explo
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CHAPTER 6 ALIGNMENT IN ACTION: NEGA
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shall not be carried forward into t
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These various symbols are intended
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Rather than
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19 EP: ' [Although I mean that [now
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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detrimental effects foreigners are
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41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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28 HB: but at the end of the day >1
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approach, I hope to further illumin
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37 KJ: I never had any day to day (
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2 bevor (. ) die Schlange nicht zeh
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ot non-ratifi cation and non-suppor
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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What happens in this particular exc
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To reiterate, positive threshold br
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41 LIP: [IN FACT THERE WAs quite a
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Page 197 and 198: and English differences in conversa
Page 199 and 200: Notes to Chapter 6 1 The only insta
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Page 205 and 206: English cultures respectively. In a
Page 207 and 208: I will shortly illustrate how each
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Page 211 and 212: The in-the-know self is a second sy
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Page 217 and 218: Excerpt 7.6'Up a Hill' The sociable
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Page 225 and 226: Excerpt 7.10 Was muss Mann machen?
Page 227 and 228: Often, knowledgeable selves are ali
Page 229 and 230: 7.4 Positive Selves I suggested ear
Page 231 and 232: 27 RP: =get out of it= 28 LM: =. HH
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Page 243 and 244: develop the comparative focus, one
Page 245 and 246: CHAPTER 8 ALIGNING SELVES IN THE AC
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Page 249 and 250: Fig 8.2b The Individuated Selves (a
Page 251 and 252: Excerpt 8.1 'Cookie's Party' I LM:
Page 253 and 254: Beginning with the topic of convers
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Page 261 and 262: Conversely, in considering the next
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Page 265 and 266: however, such narrating selves are
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Page 269 and 270: capabilities of KP&EP and in this w
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Page 273 and 274: 6 (0.5) 7 EP: America is booming at
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Page 277 and 278: In terms of the selves mobilised, t
Page 279 and 280: in 'Cookie's Party'- again, a secon
Page 281 and 282: 35 GB: kann man nie als [endgültig
Page 283 and 284: is HB: =Yeah not at all but e:: rm=
Page 285 and 286: episode takes place. Rather, the ta
Page 287 and 288: The excerpt begins as HB is proffer
Page 289 and 290: What this talk demonstrates is that
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N work or'Arbeit' being an extremel
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demeaned and knowledgeable selves (
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preceding comments regarding sociab
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CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSION: THE TO AND FR
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identified in conversational behavi
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handled sociable topics, in terms o
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to bring themselves and their inter
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sociable conversation. This sociabl
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maintain the underlying equilibrium
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allowed for by the facework as alig
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somebody who is overly-friendly, ge
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Fig 9.2 A Maxim of Conversational P
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Notes to Chapter 9 1 When we are ta
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German Participants Name Age Occupa
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German Gatherings Gathering Date Se
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Brown, G., and Yule, G. (1983) Disc
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Ervin-Tripp, S., Nakamura, K, and G
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Hellweg, S A., Samovar, L A., and S
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Hu, H C. (1944) The Chinese concept
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- (1979) 'Stylistic Strategies with
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- (1994) 'Facework in Communication
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Snell-Hornby, M.. (1984) 'The Lingu
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Trubisky, P., Ting-Toomey, S., and
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