Download (23MB) - University of Salford Institutional Repository

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Notes to Chapter 4 1 Several of the German and a limited number of the English gatherings were centred around Raclette grills. This is essentially table top version of an electric barbecue. Between 2 and 6 people sit together cooking food in small 'pans' under the grill. I discovered this in Germany but purchased one for England. The sociable effect was much the same as in the German setting - as guests wait for their culinary creations to cook heightened levels of chat quickly develop amongst participants, with the omni-present possibility of having to check that one's food isn't burning offering a legitimate activity switch if conversation dries up. 2 Those gatherings that were recorded in my own home consisted of persons whom I had invited. I assumed the normal role of host, and therefore selected on that basis persons who I would normally invite, irrespective of whether I was recording or not. It cannot be denied however, that the need to obtain recordings did have at some influence on my motivation in organising and attending some of the gatherings in both cultures. * 31 have provided what I regard as the predominant relational details here (e. g. primary relationships such as husband - wife, brother - sister, or if no other relationship exists between any two participants, friend - friend). 4 The actual recordings process appeared prima facie unproblematic at the outset of this investigation. However, the technical contingencies being able to gather data suitable for the type of analysis that I intended to carry out came to occupy a considerable amount of my time in the initial part of the data collection phase. 51 avoided using an 'auto-reverse' function found on most tape recorders today. As I intended to leave the tape running for several hours I did not want the same tape re-recording on side A upon coming to the end of side B. The Sony had an alarm which signified the end of a side with a beep, although this itself presented another set of problems during the recording stage (see sec. 4.4). r' The PZM mike was used in settings where participants were 'mobile' and were moving nearer to and further from the mike, for example, when a host(ess) would take a turn at talk with her into the kitchen to retrieve food or utensils, or in garden settings where participants were more physically mobile in general. In such instances, the boundary on the mike'expanded' to include such talk. 7 The button mike was used when I decided that the presence of the boundary mike (larger and more obtrusive) would interfere with the interaction so as to disrupt it. 8 Re-chargeable batteries emit a 1.25 v. charge compared to the 1.5 v in standard non- rechargeable batteries. The lower voltage can and did on occasion cause malfunctioning of recording equipment. 9 The relationship between and complementary uses of ethnographic and conversation analytic approaches to cultural analysis is comprehensively explored in Hopper (1990/91) to which the reader is directed for a more thorough discussion than can be afforded here. 10 There is a problem here in that reader will know my surname, therefore my wife's surname and then possibly - by looking at participants relational details provided in parts of the thesis - be able to work out participant's identities. I am hoping that the chances of this happening, and the desire on the readers to go through this process will be so minimal as to not threaten the ethical integrity of the study. 11 1 reconstruct my general line from memory here as, by definition, permission seeking lTisodes took e place before the tape recorder was running. 1 Requests have perhaps received more study for their face implications than any other speech act type (see Chapter 1). 13 Tannen (1984,33-4) describes this as an 'observer's paradox'. `14 As with consent seeking episodes, these utterances occurred 'off-tape', usually as the machine was still beeping to signal the end of a particular side of a cassette. They are then also reconstructed from memory. 15 1 have elsewhere referred to this dual role as one of 'doing socia(b)l(e) science' (see Philburn ý2002]). 6 An additional problem in the German settings was my uniqueness as the 'Englishman'. I felt on occasion that I did attract undue attention on the basis of my cultural membership. This usually involving, me being asked in English about issues ranging from the state of the national football team to inquiries as to whether I would prefer'fish and chips'to the food prepared for other guests. Of course this both allowed humour to enter the conversation whilst providing an opportunity for participants to display their spoken English - invariably better than my spoken 11
German. However, these episodes aside, I do not feel that my presence as 'Englishman' per se influenced the conversational development to any great extent. 17 Riesman and Watson (1964,249 & 270) note that a requirement of researchers of sociable episodes is to simultaneously both observe and relax and enjoy himself / herself (again, see Philbum [2003] for a more detailed discussion on the trajectory of this dual role). 117
Page 1 and 2:
FACEWORK IN ENGLISH AND GERMAN SOCI
Page 3 and 4:
CHAPTER 4: DOING SOCIA(B)L(E) SCIEN
Page 5 and 6:
Table List of Tables 1.1 Archetypal
Page 7 and 8:
Conversational Excerpts Excerpt Pag
Page 9 and 10:
Acknowledgments Acknowledgements se
Page 11 and 12:
The 'Research Problem' Introduction
Page 13 and 14:
Taking these problematics as a star
Page 15 and 16:
At the time, this proposal seemed e
Page 17 and 18:
the self and its relationship to on
Page 19 and 20:
activity of sociable conversation,
Page 21 and 22:
including the application of the fa
Page 23 and 24:
CHAPTER I FACE AND FACEWORK: CONCEP
Page 25 and 26:
1.1 Foundational Texts In order to
Page 27 and 28:
communicative action could be seen
Page 29 and 30:
Fig. 1.1 Goffman's Model of Ritual
Page 31 and 32:
distribution of his feelings, and t
Page 33 and 34:
empirically difficult' phenomenon (
Page 35 and 36:
etween self and other). Conversatio
Page 37 and 38:
allowing in effect a speaker to cri
Page 39 and 40:
as an equilibric practice, allowing
Page 41 and 42:
universality, particularly in studi
Page 43 and 44:
Table 1.3 Individualist (LCC) and C
Page 45 and 46:
Morisaki and Gudykunst (1994) emplo
Page 47 and 48:
Mao (1994) addresses this tension b
Page 49 and 50:
Tannen's work (1981 a; 1981 b) perh
Page 51 and 52:
1.3 Culture, Facework, Equilibrium
Page 53 and 54:
facework operates on an underlying
Page 55 and 56:
CHAPTER 2 ANGLO-SAXON CHALK AND TEU
Page 57 and 58:
impolite. However, I soon came to r
Page 59 and 60:
in potential or actual conflict sit
Page 61 and 62:
salient differences. For example, G
Page 63 and 64:
Watts observed that German conversa
Page 65 and 66:
Finally, although Watts argued that
Page 67 and 68:
elatively little overlap, and a gen
Page 69 and 70:
contributions, with the former set
Page 71 and 72:
fully and substantively, what was r
Page 73 and 74:
oriented to unmitigated disagreemen
Page 75 and 76: 2.3 Communicative Underpinnings The
Page 77 and 78: service but by more confrontational
Page 79 and 80: Finally, additional explanatory dim
Page 81 and 82: specific communicative practices, a
Page 83 and 84: Brown and Levinson (1987). Indeed,
Page 85 and 86: Notes to Chapter 2 11 use the term
Page 87 and 88: This chapter then can be regarded a
Page 89 and 90: asic irreducible sociological varia
Page 91 and 92: Fraser (1990) who, in also attempti
Page 93 and 94: particularly amenable to such a heu
Page 95 and 96: identify certain underlying dynamic
Page 97 and 98: In fact, these two opposing orienta
Page 99 and 100: at any given point in the flow of c
Page 101 and 102: orderly and meaningful conversation
Page 103 and 104: locally managed and constantly in d
Page 105 and 106: Poles of Alignment Fig. 3.6 Sociabl
Page 107 and 108: toward a clearer understanding of w
Page 109 and 110: Notes to Chapter 3 1 See also Brown
Page 111 and 112: 4.1 Research Questions In the previ
Page 113 and 114: eferring to as sociable includes in
Page 115 and 116: The decision on quantity of data wa
Page 117 and 118: largely anecdotal evidence from whi
Page 119 and 120: such as laughter sequences. I also
Page 121 and 122: Table 4.3 Data: Omissions from Anal
Page 123 and 124: The obtrusiveness of my recording w
Page 125: hand, I did not want to engage in t
Page 129 and 130: presented here provides a necessary
Page 131 and 132: two chapters (Chapters 6 and 7). He
Page 133 and 134: Hand shakes for example were infreq
Page 135 and 136: eing invariably solidaric in nature
Page 137 and 138: claimed on the part of the particip
Page 139 and 140: Table 5.1 Sociable Topics Topic Cat
Page 141 and 142: in my observations of German sociab
Page 143 and 144: collective past peppered with indiv
Page 145 and 146: In the next chapter I want to explo
Page 147 and 148: CHAPTER 6 ALIGNMENT IN ACTION: NEGA
Page 149 and 150: shall not be carried forward into t
Page 151 and 152: These various symbols are intended
Page 153 and 154: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 155 and 156: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Rather than
Page 157 and 158: 19 EP: ' [Although I mean that [now
Page 159 and 160: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 161 and 162: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 163 and 164: detrimental effects foreigners are
Page 165 and 166: 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
Page 167 and 168: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 169 and 170: 28 HB: but at the end of the day >1
Page 171 and 172: approach, I hope to further illumin
Page 173 and 174: 37 KJ: I never had any day to day (
Page 175 and 176: 2 bevor (. ) die Schlange nicht zeh
Page 177 and 178:
ot non-ratifi cation and non-suppor
Page 179 and 180:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 181 and 182:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 183 and 184:
What happens in this particular exc
Page 185 and 186:
To reiterate, positive threshold br
Page 187 and 188:
41 LIP: [IN FACT THERE WAs quite a
Page 189 and 190:
What happens here is that KIP proff
Page 191 and 192:
17 KH: the road (1) >and if he want
Page 193 and 194:
1 2 3 4 5 6 which a new set of indi
Page 195 and 196:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 197 and 198:
and English differences in conversa
Page 199 and 200:
Notes to Chapter 6 1 The only insta
Page 201 and 202:
study is a sociological one, and it
Page 203 and 204:
performer, a player, an image, a fi
Page 205 and 206:
English cultures respectively. In a
Page 207 and 208:
I will shortly illustrate how each
Page 209 and 210:
18 KJ: [(Graphic drawin)= 19 LM: =O
Page 211 and 212:
The in-the-know self is a second sy
Page 213 and 214:
documentaries to having witnessed r
Page 215 and 216:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 is
Page 217 and 218:
Excerpt 7.6'Up a Hill' The sociable
Page 219 and 220:
RP&EP's mobilisation of an in-the-k
Page 221 and 222:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 223 and 224:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 225 and 226:
Excerpt 7.10 Was muss Mann machen?
Page 227 and 228:
Often, knowledgeable selves are ali
Page 229 and 230:
7.4 Positive Selves I suggested ear
Page 231 and 232:
27 RP: =get out of it= 28 LM: =. HH
Page 233 and 234:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 235 and 236:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 is
Page 237 and 238:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 239 and 240:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 241 and 242:
of these selves at conversational w
Page 243 and 244:
develop the comparative focus, one
Page 245 and 246:
CHAPTER 8 ALIGNING SELVES IN THE AC
Page 247 and 248:
atification and support of unique,
Page 249 and 250:
Fig 8.2b The Individuated Selves (a
Page 251 and 252:
Excerpt 8.1 'Cookie's Party' I LM:
Page 253 and 254:
Beginning with the topic of convers
Page 255 and 256:
as re-invoking selves. The category
Page 257 and 258:
An interesting phenomenon which is
Page 259 and 260:
An additional consequence of alignm
Page 261 and 262:
Conversely, in considering the next
Page 263 and 264:
100 KP: I mean you see two or three
Page 265 and 266:
however, such narrating selves are
Page 267 and 268:
Running alongside these narrative s
Page 269 and 270:
capabilities of KP&EP and in this w
Page 271 and 272:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Page 273 and 274:
6 (0.5) 7 EP: America is booming at
Page 275 and 276:
own unemployment levels -a concern
Page 277 and 278:
In terms of the selves mobilised, t
Page 279 and 280:
in 'Cookie's Party'- again, a secon
Page 281 and 282:
35 GB: kann man nie als [endgültig
Page 283 and 284:
is HB: =Yeah not at all but e:: rm=
Page 285 and 286:
episode takes place. Rather, the ta
Page 287 and 288:
The excerpt begins as HB is proffer
Page 289 and 290:
What this talk demonstrates is that
Page 291 and 292:
N work or'Arbeit' being an extremel
Page 293 and 294:
demeaned and knowledgeable selves (
Page 295 and 296:
preceding comments regarding sociab
Page 297 and 298:
CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSION: THE TO AND FR
Page 299 and 300:
identified in conversational behavi
Page 301 and 302:
handled sociable topics, in terms o
Page 303 and 304:
to bring themselves and their inter
Page 305 and 306:
sociable conversation. This sociabl
Page 307 and 308:
maintain the underlying equilibrium
Page 309 and 310:
allowed for by the facework as alig
Page 311 and 312:
somebody who is overly-friendly, ge
Page 313 and 314:
Fig 9.2 A Maxim of Conversational P
Page 315 and 316:
Notes to Chapter 9 1 When we are ta
Page 317 and 318:
German Participants Name Age Occupa
Page 319 and 320:
German Gatherings Gathering Date Se
Page 321 and 322:
Brown, G., and Yule, G. (1983) Disc
Page 323 and 324:
Ervin-Tripp, S., Nakamura, K, and G
Page 325 and 326:
Hellweg, S A., Samovar, L A., and S
Page 327 and 328:
Hu, H C. (1944) The Chinese concept
Page 329 and 330:
- (1979) 'Stylistic Strategies with
Page 331 and 332:
- (1994) 'Facework in Communication
Page 333 and 334:
Snell-Hornby, M.. (1984) 'The Lingu
Page 335 and 336:
Trubisky, P., Ting-Toomey, S., and
show all

Download (23MB) - University of Salford Institutional Repository

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?