SAGA-BOOK - Viking Society Web Publications
SAGA-BOOK - Viking Society Web Publications SAGA-BOOK - Viking Society Web Publications
328 Saga-Book of the Viking Society themselves by a comparatively low frequency of mala and a correspondingly high one of segja and svara. It should be remarked that the diverging proportions in Mik have a special cause: 9 out of 14 instances of mcela appear in a section copied more or less verbatim from a version of Duggals leizla, another piece found in Heilagra manna sogur (HMS).12 Dunst corresponds excellently to the specific distribution in the "Bergr-texts": mala segja svara Dunst 0 (0) 79 (II) 21 (3) Nik Mik T6mas 4'2 (8) 57 (IIO) 38 (74) Guam 0·8 (2) 47 (121) 51 (132) Still more significant, though, is the occurrence of the introductory verb tala, on the whole very rare in saga literature. We meet it 3 times in Dunst: [heyrdiJ hann sa-Ian Anndreazt po stoIa ma-la med blidu anndlite. pessi *gudspiallzt ord. til sin talannde. Tollite iugum meum super uos (p. 14) :Paa taladi fyr nefrrt eingla fylki cherubin ok sera(phin) uid sselan Dun(stanum). at uisu skaltu buinn uera (p. 21) (Dunstanus) suo talandi uid urn standandi menno Nu siae pier ener kzerustu bnedr ok syner huert ek em kalladr (p. 23). These 3 cases make 17'5 per cent of the whole group mcelafsegjafsvaraftala. A similar frequency of tala is a striking characteristic of the "Bergr-texts", as the following figures indicate: Dunst 17'5 per cent (3 out of 17) Nik Mik T6mas Guam 15'5 per cent (15 out of 96) 16 per cent (7 out of 44) 23 per cent (58 out of 250) 21 per cent (69 out of 324) 12 Cf. my paper 'Broder Robert, Tristrams saga oeh Duggals leizla', Arkiv fOr nordiskfilologi LXXXVIII (r973), 55-7r, esp. 66.
The Language of Dunstanus saga 329 As a matter of fact, tala as an introductory verb seems to be extremely infrequent outside the "Bergr-texts". The only exception I had noticed before Dunst was Laurentius saga biskups (see p. 325 above) with its 22 per cent (28 cases out of 127).13 Another one is a large section of the Old Testament text, Stj6rn; that text will be dealt with summarily in an Appendix to this paper. Of the linguistic-stylistic tests applied up to now, the high frequency of reverse word order and the distribution of the verbs introducing direct speech (including the very uncommon tala) come close to the typical "Bergr-profile". On the other hand, the low rate of the present tense in Ami Laurentiusson's narrative rather disagrees with that profile. III Two different vocabulary tests were constructed to make a filter for tracing "Bergr-texts". One comprised the following 12 words or phrases: ddsama 'admire, praise', dragsa 'drag, trail', eptir megni 'to the best of one's ability', eptir sud talat 'having spoken thus', forsjalforsj6 'care, management', frabrerr 'excellent, unparalleled', geysi 'highly, extremely', greindr 'above-mentioned', mekt 'force, power', punktr 'point, place', st6rliga 'greatly, extremely', umbergis 'around', The other list had 9 items: einkanliga 'especially, particularly', flj6tr 'fast, rapid, swift' (instead of the far more frequent skj6tr), fullting 'assistance, help', hceoerska 'courtesy', kumpann 'companion, fellow', lypta sinni feriJ 'start one's journey', optliga 'often', pr6fa 'get to know, learn; prove', senniliga 'in truth, truly'.14 These 21 words or phrases turned out to be characteristic of my "Bergr-texts", compared to a voluminous control material from other texts of the same kind. But of 13 Cf. Stilsignalement, I55. ,. For the construction of these vocabulary tests, cf, Stilsignalement, I14-8.
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328 Saga-Book of the <strong>Viking</strong> <strong>Society</strong><br />
themselves by a comparatively low frequency of mala and<br />
a correspondingly high one of segja and svara. It should<br />
be remarked that the diverging proportions in Mik have<br />
a special cause: 9 out of 14 instances of mcela appear in a<br />
section copied more or less verbatim from a version of<br />
Duggals leizla, another piece found in Heilagra manna<br />
sogur (HMS).12 Dunst corresponds excellently to the<br />
specific distribution in the "Bergr-texts":<br />
mala segja svara<br />
Dunst 0 (0) 79 (II) 21 (3)<br />
Nik<br />
Mik<br />
T6mas 4'2 (8) 57 (IIO) 38 (74)<br />
Guam 0·8 (2) 47 (121) 51 (132)<br />
Still more significant, though, is the occurrence of the<br />
introductory verb tala, on the whole very rare in saga<br />
literature. We meet it 3 times in Dunst:<br />
[heyrdiJ hann sa-Ian Anndreazt po stoIa ma-la med blidu<br />
anndlite. pessi *gudspiallzt ord. til sin talannde. Tollite iugum<br />
meum super uos (p. 14)<br />
:Paa taladi fyr nefrrt eingla fylki cherubin ok sera(phin) uid<br />
sselan Dun(stanum). at uisu skaltu buinn uera (p. 21)<br />
(Dunstanus) suo talandi uid urn standandi menno Nu siae<br />
pier ener kzerustu bnedr ok syner huert ek em kalladr (p. 23).<br />
These 3 cases make 17'5 per cent of the whole group<br />
mcelafsegjafsvaraftala. A similar frequency of tala is a<br />
striking characteristic of the "Bergr-texts", as the<br />
following figures indicate:<br />
Dunst 17'5 per cent (3 out of 17)<br />
Nik<br />
Mik<br />
T6mas<br />
Guam<br />
15'5 per cent (15 out of 96)<br />
16 per cent (7 out of 44)<br />
23 per cent (58 out of 250)<br />
21 per cent (69 out of 324)<br />
12 Cf. my paper 'Broder Robert, Tristrams saga oeh Duggals leizla', Arkiv<br />
fOr nordiskfilologi LXXXVIII (r973), 55-7r, esp. 66.