SAGA-BOOK - Viking Society Web Publications
SAGA-BOOK - Viking Society Web Publications SAGA-BOOK - Viking Society Web Publications
Saga-Book of the Viking Society soul haft gott heimili jengit ll he sees an indication that the narrative was composed not long after Aron's death, a conclusion for which there seems small warrant. The idea that the observed differences between the saga and 1slendinga saga point to an almost simultaneous date of composition is more interesting, but bears little weight in the face of other evidence, as I show below. His most solid claim is that the events at Grimsey and Valshamarr are derived from eye-witness accounts, and that this can be seen in the description of Sturla which is "verified" by the words sem aUir hafa eitt um talat, peir er hann hafa set,12 and also by the phrase hafa peir menn pat sagi, er par udru, which occurs at the point where Aron evades his captors at Valshamarr.P In the absence of any comprehensive study of the problems raised by such apparent references to oral sources it is unwise to build dating theories upon them.v! In these instances, moreover, the author does not claim to have spoken directly with eyewitnesses of events, and they therefore provide no tangible clue as to how long afterwards the narrative was composed. Most of the evidence points to a somewhat later date of composition. The style of the work is certainly not that generally associated with the thirteenth century, as Finnur Jonsson himself acknowledged; nor does the author display the knowledge that one expects of a thirteenthcentury Icelander. His use of the word oaldsmanrt» is a case in point. This makes its first appearance in the language after the fall of the Republic, with the introduction of the new law codes Jdrnsioa (1271) and J 6nsb6k (1280). It is true that elsewhere in the saga hofoingi is used of secular chieftains, but the single and easy employment of ualdsmaor is sufficient evidence that the 11 Sturl, II 278. 12 Sturl, II 244. 13 Sturl. II 267. U See Walter Baetke, Ober die Entstehung der Isldndersagas (1956), ch. 3; Einar 61. Sveinsson, Dating the Icelandic Sagas (1958), 95, n. I. ,. Sturl. II 237.
On Arons saga HjOrleifssonar 143 term had gained current acceptance at the time of writing. Likewise, his acquaintance with the laws of the republican period is suspect. He writes that Aron received a heavier sentence of outlawry than the other members of the bishop's party - at hann var gerr sk6garmaor ok 6heilagr ok 6ferjandi ok 6rdOandi altum bjargrdOum,16 Bjorn M. Olsen points out that in fact all Tumi's attackers were liable by law to a sentence of full outlawry for their part in the raid, and that Sturla and his father would have had no inclination to leniency for those who had killed their kinsman.!? The clearest indication of a late date, however, IS given by the existence of extracts from two poems by 1?ormol'5r prestr Olafsson.P A man of this name is mentioned in an annal for the year 1338, where he is described as both presir and skdld. 1 9 Despite Gul'5brandur Vigfussons arbitrary rejection of the apparent link.>? there can be little doubt that this man is the author of these verses, as well as of one in praise of Gunnarr of Hlioarendi which is found in the Kdlfalcekjarb6k text of Njdls saga from c. 1350,21 It has been suggested that the verses may be interpolations in an earlier text, 22 but apart from the misplacing of two of them, which could well be a copyist's error, there is no concrete evidence to support the idea. 1slendinga saga is altogether ignorant of them but on the other hand they were in the manuscript which the writer of Resensb6k used. It seems fairly clear then that some part of the "Sturl. II 258. " B. M. Olsen, 'Urn afstOOu fslendinga sogu og Arons sogu', Safn til Siigu Islands III 267. The phrase oraoandi iillum bjargraoum, as opposed to the ordOandioil bjargraoof Grdgdshas also been held by Olsen to indicate the author's ignorance of the older law. In fact, the -umm abbreviation above the end of each word in AM 426 fol. (the other chief manuscripts are all defective at this point) has been added in a later hand. ,. Sturl. II 247-8, 252, 256. "G. Storm, Islandske Annaler indtil I578 (1888), 350. 2. loco cit. 21 See Einar 61. Sveinsson, Brennu-Njtils saga (1954), 190 n., 477. 22 Finnur ] onsson, loco cit.
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On Arons saga HjOrleifssonar 143<br />
term had gained current acceptance at the time of<br />
writing.<br />
Likewise, his acquaintance with the laws of the<br />
republican period is suspect. He writes that Aron<br />
received a heavier sentence of outlawry than the other<br />
members of the bishop's party - at hann var gerr<br />
sk6garmaor ok 6heilagr ok 6ferjandi ok 6rdOandi altum<br />
bjargrdOum,16 Bjorn M. Olsen points out that in fact all<br />
Tumi's attackers were liable by law to a sentence of full<br />
outlawry for their part in the raid, and that Sturla and<br />
his father would have had no inclination to leniency for<br />
those who had killed their kinsman.!?<br />
The clearest indication of a late date, however, IS<br />
given by the existence of extracts from two poems by<br />
1?ormol'5r prestr Olafsson.P A man of this name is<br />
mentioned in an annal for the year 1338, where he is<br />
described as both presir and skdld. 1 9 Despite Gul'5brandur<br />
Vigfussons arbitrary rejection of the apparent link.>?<br />
there can be little doubt that this man is the author of<br />
these verses, as well as of one in praise of Gunnarr of<br />
Hlioarendi which is found in the Kdlfalcekjarb6k text of<br />
Njdls saga from c. 1350,21 It has been suggested that the<br />
verses may be interpolations in an earlier text, 22 but apart<br />
from the misplacing of two of them, which could well be<br />
a copyist's error, there is no concrete evidence to support<br />
the idea. 1slendinga saga is altogether ignorant of them<br />
but on the other hand they were in the manuscript which<br />
the writer of Resensb6k used.<br />
It seems fairly clear then that some part of the<br />
"Sturl. II 258.<br />
" B. M. Olsen, 'Urn afstOOu fslendinga sogu og Arons sogu', Safn til Siigu<br />
Islands III 267. The phrase oraoandi iillum bjargraoum, as opposed to the<br />
ordOandioil bjargraoof Grdgdshas also been held by Olsen to indicate the author's<br />
ignorance of the older law. In fact, the -umm abbreviation above the end of<br />
each word in AM 426 fol. (the other chief manuscripts are all defective at this<br />
point) has been added in a later hand.<br />
,. Sturl. II 247-8, 252, 256.<br />
"G. Storm, Islandske Annaler indtil I578 (1888), 350.<br />
2. loco cit.<br />
21 See Einar 61. Sveinsson, Brennu-Njtils saga (1954), 190 n., 477.<br />
22 Finnur ] onsson, loco cit.