What Painting Is: How to Think about Oil Painting ... - Victoria Vesna
What Painting Is: How to Think about Oil Painting ... - Victoria Vesna What Painting Is: How to Think about Oil Painting ... - Victoria Vesna
NOTES TO CHAPTER I 195 source is Cristophe Glaser, Traité de la chymie, enseignant par une brieve et facile méthode toutes les necessaires préparations, 2nd ed. (Paris:). d’Hory, 1673 [1663]). 7. Only the most determined “puffers” or “spagyrists”—alchemists who took the day-to-day recipes literally, and understood everything at face value—would think only of the laboratory. Most understood that the exotic materials and odd names were ciphers, pointing vaguely at something beyond. But the exoticism of the subject cannot be burned away, leaving the indelible spiritual core, without also losing the texture and fascination of everyday work. That is why I return to the literal sense throughout this book: without it, the actual textures, weights, and smells of the laboratory (or the studio) tend to evaporate in the name of a transcendental goal that cannot make sense without their support. Some readers—practicing alchemists, and especially “spiritual” alchemists—have objected that I spend too much time with literalminded recipes. This is the defense: that to understand the fascination of substances, it is necessary to take them—for a while, and with reservations—exactly as they present themselves. Without that attention to the grain of everyday life, the essential tension between substance and sign is prematurely broken. 8. Among them the best is Abraham Pincas et al., Le Lustre de la main, esprit, matière et techniques de la peinture (Paris: École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, 1991). 9. George Chapman, Homer’s Batrachomyomachia, Hymns and Epigrams, Hesiod’s Works and Days (London: J.R.Smith, 1858). The Batrachomyomachia is conventionally attributed to Homer, just as the Iliad and Odyssey are. 10. In this respect Paracelsus has the advantage of being less programmatic than Jung; Paracelsus used alchemical concepts for many things beside his doctrine of spagyric medicine. See, for example, Philippus Theophrastus Bombast von Hohenheim [Paracelsus], Elf Traktat (Von Farbsuchten, Andere Redaktion), in Theophrast von Hohenheim genannt Paracelsus Sämtliche Werke, edited by Karl Sudhoff and W. Matthiessen, 14 vols. (Munich and Berlin: R.Oldenbourg, 1922–33), vol. I, p. 56, comparing diseased skin colors to alchemical colors. The passage is also cited in Massimo Luigi Bianchi, “The Visible and the Invisible: From Alchemy to Paracelsus,” in Alchemy and Chemistry in the XVIth and XVIIth Centuries, Proceedings of the Warburg Colloquium, 1989, edited by Piyo Rattansi and Antonio Clericuzio (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1994), 17–50, 41 n. 49. 11. Bloom, Kabbalah and Criticism (New York: Seabury, 1975).
196 NOTES TO THE INTRODUCTION 12. There is a connection to my interests here: the treatise called Aesch- Mezareph, a work of Jewish kabbalistic alchemy (as opposed to the more common Christian kabbalism). The anonymous author makes comparisons between hochmah and lead, binoh and tin, and so forth. See Christian Knorr von Rosenroth, Kabbalah denudata (Sulzbach: A.Lichtenthaler, 1677–84), reprinted (Hildesheim: G.Olms, 1974); Gershom Scholem, Alchimia e kabbalah, translated [from the German] by Marina Sartorio (Torino: G.Einaudi, 1995). For Christian kabbalism see François Secret, Les kabbalistes chrétiens de la Renaissance (Paris: Dunod, 1964). There are several English editions of the Aesch-Mezareph; see for example Aesch-Mezareph, translated by a lover of Philalethes [1714], edited by Sapere Aude, in the series Collectanea hermetica, edited by William Wynn Wescott, vol. 14 (London: Theosophical Publishing Society, 1894), reprinted (New York: Occult Research Press, [1956]). 13. The best introductions to alchemy are not biased for or against either science or Jungianism. It is essential, in first encountering the literature, not to read at random, or fall into one of the several competing regimes of interpretation. Good first choices are: Robert Halleux, Les Textes alchimiques, Typologie des Sources du Moyen Âge Occidental, fascicle 32, edited by L.Genicot (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 1979); Wilhelm Ganzenmüller, “Wandlungen in der geschichtlichen Betrachtung der Alchemie,” Chymia 3 (1950): 143–54, also in his Beiträge zur Geschichte der Technologie und der Alchemic (Weinheim, 1956):349–60; and J.Weyer, “The Image of Alchemy in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Histories of Chemistry,” Ambix 23 (1976):65–79. Of these, Halleux is the most knowledgeable and nonjudgmental, though even he falters when it comes to the recent non-academic literature. First he says it should be judged “du strict point de vue de l’historien,” but he ends up concluding that scholarly knowledge of alchemy’s history “est une exigence de santé mentale.” Halleux, Les Textes alchimiques, op. cit., 57. A useful introductory bibliography is Alan Pritchard, Alchemy: A Bibliography of English-Language Sources (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980). Since the history of alchemical writings is so difficult—so full of unacknowledged reprints, anonymous translations, pirated and undated editions, and pseudonymous treatises—I have made the notes as specific as possible. Refer to the first citation of a given text for the fullest bibliographic information. NOTES TO CHAPTER I
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196 NOTES TO THE INTRODUCTION<br />
12. There is a connection <strong>to</strong> my interests here: the treatise called Aesch-<br />
Mezareph, a work of Jewish kabbalistic alchemy (as opposed <strong>to</strong> the<br />
more common Christian kabbalism). The anonymous author<br />
makes comparisons between hochmah and lead, binoh and tin, and<br />
so forth. See Christian Knorr von Rosenroth, Kabbalah<br />
denudata (Sulzbach: A.Lichtenthaler, 1677–84), reprinted<br />
(Hildesheim: G.Olms, 1974); Gershom Scholem, Alchimia e kabbalah,<br />
translated [from the German] by Marina Sar<strong>to</strong>rio (Torino:<br />
G.Einaudi, 1995). For Christian kabbalism see François Secret, Les<br />
kabbalistes chrétiens de la Renaissance (Paris: Dunod, 1964). There are<br />
several English editions of the Aesch-Mezareph; see for example<br />
Aesch-Mezareph, translated by a lover of Philalethes [1714], edited<br />
by Sapere Aude, in the series Collectanea hermetica, edited by<br />
William Wynn Wescott, vol. 14 (London: Theosophical Publishing<br />
Society, 1894), reprinted (New York: Occult Research Press,<br />
[1956]).<br />
13. The best introductions <strong>to</strong> alchemy are not biased for or against<br />
either science or Jungianism. It is essential, in first encountering<br />
the literature, not <strong>to</strong> read at random, or fall in<strong>to</strong> one of the several<br />
competing regimes of interpretation. Good first choices are:<br />
Robert Halleux, Les Textes alchimiques, Typologie des Sources du<br />
Moyen Âge Occidental, fascicle 32, edited by L.Genicot (Turnhout,<br />
Belgium: Brepols, 1979); Wilhelm Ganzenmüller, “Wandlungen in<br />
der geschichtlichen Betrachtung der Alchemie,” Chymia 3 (1950):<br />
143–54, also in his Beiträge zur Geschichte der Technologie und der<br />
Alchemic (Weinheim, 1956):349–60; and J.Weyer, “The Image of<br />
Alchemy in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century His<strong>to</strong>ries of<br />
Chemistry,” Ambix 23 (1976):65–79. Of these, Halleux is the most<br />
knowledgeable and nonjudgmental, though even he falters when<br />
it comes <strong>to</strong> the recent non-academic literature. First he says it should<br />
be judged “du strict point de vue de l’his<strong>to</strong>rien,” but he ends up<br />
concluding that scholarly knowledge of alchemy’s his<strong>to</strong>ry “est une<br />
exigence de santé mentale.” Halleux, Les Textes alchimiques, op. cit.,<br />
57. A useful introduc<strong>to</strong>ry bibliography is Alan Pritchard, Alchemy:<br />
A Bibliography of English-Language Sources (London: Routledge and<br />
Kegan Paul, 1980). Since the his<strong>to</strong>ry of alchemical writings is so<br />
difficult—so full of unacknowledged reprints, anonymous<br />
translations, pirated and undated editions, and pseudonymous<br />
treatises—I have made the notes as specific as possible. Refer <strong>to</strong><br />
the first citation of a given text for the fullest bibliographic<br />
information.<br />
NOTES TO CHAPTER I