NISTIR 7298 Revision 1, Glossary of Key Information Security Terms

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NIST IR 7298 Revision 1, Glossary of Key Information Security Terms Guessing Entropy – A measure of the difficulty that an attacker has to guess the average password used in a system. In this document, entropy is stated in bits. When a password has n-bits of guessing entropy then an attacker has as much difficulty guessing the average password as in guessing an n-bit random quantity. The attacker is assumed to know the actual password frequency distribution. SOURCE: SP 800-63 Hacker – Unauthorized user who attempts to or gains access to an information system. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Handler – A type of program used in DDoS attacks to control agents distributed throughout a network. Also refers to an incident handler, which refers to a person who performs incident response work. SOURCE: SP 800-61 Handshaking Procedures – Dialogue between two information systems for synchronizing, identifying, and authenticating themselves to one another. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Hard Copy Key – Physical keying material, such as printed key lists, punched or printed key tapes, or programmable, read-only memories (PROM). SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Hardening – Configuring a host’s operating systems and applications to reduce the host’s security weaknesses. SOURCE: SP 800-123 Hardware – The physical components of an information system. See software and firmware. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Hardwired Key – Permanently installed key. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Hash Function – A function that maps a bit string of arbitrary length to a fixed length bit string. Approved hash functions satisfy the following properties: 1) One-Way. It is computationally infeasible to find any input that maps to any prespecified output. 2) Collision Resistant. It is computationally infeasible to find any two distinct inputs that map to the same output. SOURCE: SP 800-63; FIPS 201 Pg 82
NIST IR 7298 Revision 1, Glossary of Key Information Security Terms Hash Function – A mathematical function that maps a string of arbitrary length (up to a predetermined maximum size) to a fixed length string. SOURCE: FIPS 198 A function that maps a bit string of arbitrary length to a fixed length bit string. Approved hash functions are specified in FIPS 180 and are designed to satisfy the following properties: 1. (One-way) It is computationally infeasible to find any input that maps to any new prespecified output, and 2. (Collision resistant) It is computationally infeasible to find any two distinct inputs that map to the same output. SOURCE: FIPS 186 Hash Total – Value computed on data to detect error or manipulation. See checksum. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Hash Value – The result of applying a cryptographic hash function to data (e.g., a message). SOURCE: SP 800-106 Hash Value/Result – See Message Digest. SOURCE: FIPS 186; CNSSI-4009 Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) – Hash-based Message Authentication Code – (HMAC) A symmetric key authentication method using hash functions. SOURCE: SP 800-63 A message authentication code that uses a cryptographic key in conjunction with a hash function. SOURCE: FIPS 201; CNSSI-4009 Hash-based Message Authentication A message authentication code that utilizes a keyed hash. Code – SOURCE: FIPS 140-2 (HMAC) Hashing – The process of using a mathematical algorithm against data to produce a numeric value that is representative of that data. SOURCE: SP 800-72; CNSSI-4009 Hashword – Memory address containing hash total. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Pg 83
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NIST IR 7298, Glossary of Key Infor
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NISTIR 7298 Revision 1, Glossary of Key Information Security Terms

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