NISTIR 7298 Revision 1, Glossary of Key Information Security Terms

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NIST IR 7298 Revision 1, Glossary of Key Information Security Terms Trojan Horse – A non-self-replicating program that seems to have a useful purpose, but in reality has a different, malicious purpose. SOURCE: SP 800-61 A computer program that appears to have a useful function, but also has a hidden and potentially malicious function that evades security mechanisms, sometimes by exploiting legitimate authorizations of a system entity that invokes the program. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Trust Anchor – A public key and the name of a certification authority that is used to validate the first certificate in a sequence of certificates. The trust anchor public key is used to verify the signature on a certificate issued by a trust anchor certification authority. The security of the validation process depends upon the authenticity and integrity of the trust anchor. Trust anchors are often distributed as self-signed certificates. SOURCE: SP 800-57 An established point of trust (usually based on the authority of some person, office, or organization) from which an entity begins the validation of an authorized process or authorized (signed) package. A "trust anchor" is sometimes defined as just a public key used for different purposes (e.g., validating a Certification Authority, validating a signed software package or key, validating the process [or person] loading the signed software or key). SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Trust List – The collection of trusted certificates used by Relying Parties to authenticate other certificates. SOURCE: SP 800-32; CNSSI-4009 Trusted Agent – Entity authorized to act as a representative of an agency in confirming Subscriber identification during the registration process. Trusted Agents do not have automated interfaces with Certification Authorities. SOURCE: SP 800-32; CNSSI-4009 Trusted Certificate – A certificate that is trusted by the Relying Party on the basis of secure and authenticated delivery. The public keys included in trusted certificates are used to start certification paths. Also known as a "trust anchor." SOURCE: SP 800-32; CNSSI-4009 Pg 196
NIST IR 7298 Revision 1, Glossary of Key Information Security Terms Trusted Channel – A channel where the endpoints are known and data integrity is protected in transit. Depending on the communications protocol used, data privacy may be protected in transit. Examples include SSL, IPSEC, and secure physical connection. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Trusted Computer System – A system that employs sufficient hardware and software assurance measures to allow its use for processing simultaneously a range of sensitive or classified information. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Trusted Computing Base (TCB) – Totality of protection mechanisms within a computer system, including hardware, firmware, and software, the combination responsible for enforcing a security policy. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Trusted Distribution – Method for distributing trusted computing base (TCB) hardware, software, and firmware components that protects the TCB from modification during distribution. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Trusted Foundry – Facility that produces integrated circuits with a higher level of integrity assurance. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Trusted Identification Forwarding – Identification method used in information system networks whereby the sending host can verify an authorized user on its system is attempting a connection to another host. The sending host transmits the required user authentication information to the receiving host. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Trusted Path – A mechanism by which a user (through an input device) can communicate directly with the security functions of the information system with the necessary confidence to support the system security policy. This mechanism can only be activated by the user or the security functions of the information system and cannot be imitated by untrusted software. SOURCE: SP 800-53; CNSSI-4009 Trusted Path – A means by which an operator and a target of evaluation security function can communicate with the necessary confidence to support the target of evaluation security policy. SOURCE: FIPS 140-2 Pg 197
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NISTIR 7298 Revision 1, Glossary of Key Information Security Terms

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