NISTIR 7298 Revision 1, Glossary of Key Information Security Terms

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NIST IR 7298 Revision 1, Glossary of Key Information Security Terms Salt – A non-secret value that is used in a cryptographic process, usually to ensure that the results of computations for one instance cannot be reused by an attacker. SOURCE: SP 800-63; CNSSI-4009 Sandboxing – A method of isolating application modules into distinct fault domains enforced by software. The technique allows untrusted programs written in an unsafe language, such as C, to be executed safely within the single virtual address space of an application. Untrusted machine interpretable code modules are transformed so that all memory accesses are confined to code and data segments within their fault domain. Access to system resources can also be controlled through a unique identifier associated with each domain. SOURCE: SP 800-19 Sanitization – A restricted, controlled execution environment that prevents potentially malicious software, such as mobile code, from accessing any system resources except those for which the software is authorized. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Process to remove information from media such that information recovery is not possible. It includes removing all labels, markings, and activity logs. SOURCE: FIPS 200 A general term referring to the actions taken to render data written on media unrecoverable by both ordinary and, for some forms of sanitization, extraordinary means. SOURCE: SP 800-53; CNSSI-4009 SCADA – See Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. Scanning – Sending packets or requests to another system to gain information to be used in a subsequent attack. SOURCE: SP 800-61; CNSSI-4009 Scavenging – Searching through object residue to acquire data. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Pg 164
NIST IR 7298 Revision 1, Glossary of Key Information Security Terms Scoping Guidance – A part of tailoring guidance providing organizations with specific policy/regulatory-related, technology-related, system component allocation-related, operational/environmental-related, physical infrastructure-related, public access-related, scalability-related, common control-related, and security objective-related considerations on the applicability and implementation of individual security controls in the security control baseline. SOURCE: SP 800-53 Scoping Guidance – Specific factors related to technology, infrastructure, public access, scalability, common security controls, and risk that can be considered by organizations in the applicability and implementation of individual security controls in the security control baseline. SOURCE: FIPS 200; CNSSI-4009 Secret Key – A cryptographic key that is used with a secret key (symmetric) cryptographic algorithm, that is uniquely associated with one or more entities and is not made public. The use of the term “secret” in this context does not imply a classification level, but rather implies the need to protect the key from disclosure. SOURCE: SP 800-57 A cryptographic key that is used with a symmetric cryptographic algorithm that is uniquely associated with one or more entities and is not made public. The use of the term “secret” in this context does not imply a classification level, but rather implies the need to protect the key from disclosure. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Secret Key – A cryptographic key that must be protected from unauthorized disclosure to protect data encrypted with the key. The use of the term “secret” in this context does not imply a classification level; rather, the term implies the need to protect the key from disclosure or substitution. SOURCE: FIPS 201 Secret Key – A cryptographic key that is uniquely associated with one or more entities. The use of the term “secret” in this context does not imply a classification level, but rather implies the need to protect the key from disclosure or substitution. SOURCE: FIPS 198 Secret Key – A cryptographic key, used with a secret key cryptographic algorithm, that is uniquely associated with one or more entities and should not be made public. SOURCE: FIPS 140-2 Pg 165
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NISTIR 7298 Revision 1, Glossary of Key Information Security Terms

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