NISTIR 7298 Revision 1, Glossary of Key Information Security Terms

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NIST IR 7298 Revision 1, Glossary of Key Information Security Terms Role-Based Access Control – (RBAC) A model for controlling access to resources where permitted actions on resources are identified with roles rather than with individual subject identities. SOURCE: SP 800-95 Access control based on user roles (i.e., a collection of access authorizations a user receives based on an explicit or implicit assumption of a given role). Role permissions may be inherited through a role hierarchy and typically reflect the permissions needed to perform defined functions within an organization. A given role may apply to a single individual or to several individuals. SOURCE: SP 800-53; CNSSI-4009 Root Certification Authority – In a hierarchical Public Key Infrastructure, the Certification Authority whose public key serves as the most trusted datum (i.e., the beginning of trust paths) for a security domain. SOURCE: SP 800-32; CNSSI-4009 Rootkit – A set of tools used by an attacker after gaining root-level access to a host to conceal the attacker’s activities on the host and permit the attacker to maintain root-level access to the host through covert means. SOURCE: SP 800-61; CNSSI-4009 Round Key – Round keys are values derived from the Cipher Key using the Key Expansion routine; they are applied to the State in the Cipher and Inverse Cipher. SOURCE: FIPS 197 Rule-Based Security Policy – A security policy based on global rules imposed for all subjects. These rules usually rely on a comparison of the sensitivity of the objects being accessed and the possession of corresponding attributes by the subjects requesting access. SOURCE: SP 800-33 A security policy based on global rules imposed for all subjects. These rules usually rely on a comparison of the sensitivity of the objects being accessed and the possession of corresponding attributes by the subjects requesting access. Also known as discretionary access control (DAC). SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Pg 162
NIST IR 7298 Revision 1, Glossary of Key Information Security Terms Rules of Engagement (ROE) – Detailed guidelines and constraints regarding the execution of information security testing. The ROE is established before the start of a security test, and gives the test team authority to conduct defined activities without the need for additional permissions. SOURCE: SP 800-115 Ruleset – A table of instructions used by a controlled interface to determine what data is allowable and how the data is handled between interconnected systems. SOURCE: SP 800-115; CNSSI-4009 A set of directives that govern the access control functionality of a firewall. The firewall uses these directives to determine how packets should be routed between its interfaces. SOURCE: SP 800-41 S-box – Nonlinear substitution table used in several byte substitution transformations and in the Key Expansion routine to perform a onefor-one substitution of a byte value. SOURCE: FIPS 197 S/MIME – A set of specifications for securing electronic mail. Secure/ Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME) is based upon the widely used MIME standard and describes a protocol for adding cryptographic security services through MIME encapsulation of digitally signed and encrypted objects. The basic security services offered by S/MIME are authentication, non-repudiation of origin, message integrity, and message privacy. Optional security services include signed receipts, security labels, secure mailing lists, and an extended method of identifying the signer’s certificate(s). SOURCE: SP 800-49 Safeguards – Protective measures prescribed to meet the security requirements (i.e., confidentiality, integrity, and availability) specified for an information system. Safeguards may include security features, management constraints, personnel security, and security of physical structures, areas, and devices. Synonymous with security controls and countermeasures. SOURCE: SP 800-53; SP 800-37; FIPS 200; CNSSI-4009 Safeguarding Statement – Statement affixed to a computer output or printout that states the highest classification being processed at the time the product was produced and requires control of the product, at that level, until determination of the true classification by an authorized individual. Synonymous with banner. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Pg 163
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NISTIR 7298 Revision 1, Glossary of Key Information Security Terms

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