NISTIR 7298 Revision 1, Glossary of Key Information Security Terms

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NIST IR 7298 Revision 1, Glossary of Key Information Security Terms An information system in which all three security properties (i.e., confidentiality, integrity, and availability) are assigned a potential impact value of low. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Low Probability of Detection – Result of measures used to hide or disguise intentional electromagnetic transmissions. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Low Probability of Intercept – Result of measures to prevent the intercept of intentional electromagnetic transmissions. The objective is to minimize an adversary’s capability of receiving, processing, or replaying an electronic signal. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Macro Virus – A virus that attaches itself to documents and uses the macro programming capabilities of the document’s application to execute and propagate. SOURCE: SP 800-61; CNSSI-4009 Magnetic Remanence – Magnetic representation of residual information remaining on a magnetic medium after the medium has been cleared. See clearing. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Maintenance Hook – Special instructions (trapdoors) in software allowing easy maintenance and additional feature development. Since maintenance hooks frequently allow entry into the code without the usual checks, they are a serious security risk if they are not removed prior to live implementation. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Maintenance Key – Key intended only for in-shop use. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Major Application – An application that requires special attention to security due to the risk and magnitude of harm resulting from the loss, misuse, or unauthorized access to or modification of the information in the application. Note: All federal applications require some level of protection. Certain applications, because of the information in them, however, require special management oversight and should be treated as major. Adequate security for other applications should be provided by security of the systems in which they operate. SOURCE: OMB Circular A-130, App. III Pg 114
NIST IR 7298 Revision 1, Glossary of Key Information Security Terms Major Information System – An information system that requires special management attention because of its importance to an agency mission; its high development, operating, or maintenance costs; or its significant role in the administration of agency programs, finances, property, or other resources. SOURCE: OMB Circular A-130, App. III Malicious Applets – Small application programs that are automatically downloaded and executed and that perform an unauthorized function on an information system. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Malicious Code – Software or firmware intended to perform an unauthorized process that will have adverse impact on the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of an information system. A virus, worm, Trojan horse, or other code-based entity that infects a host. Spyware and some forms of adware are also examples of malicious code. SOURCE: SP 800-53; CNSSI-4009 A virus, worm, Trojan horse, or other code-based malicious entity that successfully infects a host. SOURCE: SP 800-61 Malicious Logic – Hardware, firmware, or software that is intentionally included or inserted in a system for a harmful purpose. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Malware – A program that is inserted into a system, usually covertly, with the intent of compromising the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of the victim’s data, applications, or operating system or of otherwise annoying or disrupting the victim. SOURCE: SP 800-83 Man-in-the-middle Attack – (MitM) See malicious code. See also malicious applets and malicious logic. SOURCE: SP 800-53; CNSSI-4009 An attack on the authentication protocol run in which the attacker positions himself in between the claimant and verifier so that he can intercept and alter data traveling between them. SOURCE: SP 800-63 A form of active wiretapping attack in which the attacker intercepts and selectively modifies communicated data to masquerade as one or more of the entities involved in a communication association. SOURCE: CNSSI-4009 Pg 115
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NIST IR 7298, Glossary of Key Infor
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