Damage formation and annealing studies of low energy ion implants ...
Damage formation and annealing studies of low energy ion implants ... Damage formation and annealing studies of low energy ion implants ...
Intensity [a.u.] 10 6 10 5 10 4 10 3 -0.6 -0.3 0.0 0.3 0.6 q z [A -1 ] These XRD curves have been simulated and the strain profiles and static disorder parameter Lh resulting from the best fits are shown in Figure 6.21 a) and b) respectively. Three regions are observed and are indicated in the figure. 1) A layer at and just below zero depth with positive strain and high static disorder. 2) A central area with no or negative strain accompanied by no static disorder, 3) a deeper layer with high positive strain and low static disorder. The three layers are attributed to the region at the a/c interface, the regrown, electrically active layer and the EOR region respectively. The main features to note with these results are the increases in the width of the recrystallised region in between the EOR region and the surface with increasing anneal temperature. Also after annealing to 650 °C and 700 °C the onset of the negative strain at depths between 1 and 10 nm, is attributed to the As occupying substitutional sites or forming inactive AsnV clusters. 153 epi550 epi600 epi650 epi700 virgin Figure 6.20 Radial scan through (004) Bragg reflection for the Epi series and a virgin sample. From (18, 19).
∆a/a (x 10 -3 ) 4,0 epi550 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 epi600 epi650 epi700 1,5 1,0 1) 3) 0,5 0,0 -0,5 -1,0 2) 0 5 10 15 6.3.3.3 Comparison between MEIS and x-ray scattering results Both XRD and MEIS techniques are sensitive to the regrowth of the amorphised Si during the annealing but in different ways. While MEIS measures the disordered Si, XRD is sensitive to the crystalline part of the sample. Figure 6.22 shows a plot of the width of the SPER layer measured by MEIS against that by XRD. There is a linear relationship with a constant offset between the results from the two measurement techniques. It follows that the definition of the reference points, which the regrown layer thickness is measured between, is different for the two techniques but otherwise the results tell the same story. The differences become evident when the details of the measurements are considered. MEIS: Regrown depth (nm) a) 8.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 Depth in c-Si [nm] Epi 550 C Epi 600 C Epi 650 C Epi 700 C Linear Fit Regrown layer thickness 4.5 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 XRD: Regrown depth (nm) Figure 6.22 Thickness of the regrown layer: comparison between MEIS and XRD results. The constant off-set is due to the different definitions of the start and points for the two techniques. L h 154 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 epi550 epi600 epi650 epi700 0 5 10 15 Depth in c-Si [nm] Figure 6.21 a) Lattice parameter strain profile in the growth direction resulting from the best fit. b) Static disorder depth profile resulting from the best fit. From (18, 19). b)
- Page 121 and 122: an N2/O2 environment to maintain an
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- Page 147 and 148: greater than MEIS. SIMS is not sens
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- Page 165 and 166: R s (Ω/sq) 950 900 850 800 750 60
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- Page 185 and 186: Figure 6.28 Schematic illustrations
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- Page 189 and 190: 6.5 Conclusion In summary, in this
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∆a/a (x 10 -3 )<br />
4,0 epi550<br />
3,5<br />
3,0<br />
2,5<br />
2,0<br />
epi600<br />
epi650<br />
epi700<br />
1,5<br />
1,0<br />
1) 3)<br />
0,5<br />
0,0<br />
-0,5<br />
-1,0<br />
2)<br />
0 5 10 15<br />
6.3.3.3 Comparison between MEIS <strong>and</strong> x-ray scattering results<br />
Both XRD <strong>and</strong> MEIS techniques are sensitive to the regrowth <strong>of</strong> the amorphised<br />
Si during the <strong>annealing</strong> but in different ways. While MEIS measures the disordered Si,<br />
XRD is sensitive to the crystalline part <strong>of</strong> the sample. Figure 6.22 shows a plot <strong>of</strong> the<br />
width <strong>of</strong> the SPER layer measured by MEIS against that by XRD. There is a linear<br />
relat<strong>ion</strong>ship with a constant <strong>of</strong>fset between the results from the two measurement<br />
techniques. It fol<strong>low</strong>s that the definit<strong>ion</strong> <strong>of</strong> the reference points, which the regrown<br />
layer thickness is measured between, is different for the two techniques but otherwise<br />
the results tell the same story. The differences become evident when the details <strong>of</strong> the<br />
measurements are considered.<br />
MEIS: Regrown depth (nm)<br />
a)<br />
8.5<br />
8.0<br />
7.5<br />
7.0<br />
6.5<br />
6.0<br />
5.5<br />
5.0<br />
Depth in c-Si [nm]<br />
Epi 550 C<br />
Epi 600 C<br />
Epi 650 C<br />
Epi 700 C<br />
Linear Fit<br />
Regrown layer thickness<br />
4.5<br />
5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0<br />
XRD: Regrown depth (nm)<br />
Figure 6.22 Thickness <strong>of</strong> the regrown layer: comparison between MEIS <strong>and</strong><br />
XRD results. The constant <strong>of</strong>f-set is due to the different definit<strong>ion</strong>s <strong>of</strong> the<br />
start <strong>and</strong> points for the two techniques.<br />
L h<br />
154<br />
1,0<br />
0,8<br />
0,6<br />
0,4<br />
0,2<br />
0,0<br />
epi550<br />
epi600<br />
epi650<br />
epi700<br />
0 5 10 15<br />
Depth in c-Si [nm]<br />
Figure 6.21 a) Lattice parameter strain pr<strong>of</strong>ile in the growth direct<strong>ion</strong> resulting from the best<br />
fit. b) Static disorder depth pr<strong>of</strong>ile resulting from the best fit. From (18, 19).<br />
b)