Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications

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450 Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications The proposed plate used for the fractures of the osteoporotic bones has two lateral legs with divergent longitudinal directions one to the other, having sharp heads and fixing devices and also a transversal arm which connects the two legs with a configuration which presents a spatial curvature, with a convex profile. The plate is designed in such a way that the lateral legs are different in shape in relation to the way the metaphisis is penetrated or to the implantation in the cortical bone. The lateral legs are united through a transversal arm by connection zones internally and externally, conveniently curved to obtain a better elasticity of the lateral legs and, more specifically, of the structure of the plate as a unit. The lateral legs have on their inner surface a series of teeth directed to the interior of the transversal arm and at the end of the inner surface of each one of the lateral legs one can observe the conical surfaces directed outwardly. This fact constrains the surgeon to augment the distance between the lateral legs during the implantation of the osteoporotic plate. The inner surface of the transversal arm presents an augmented rugosity in order to allow micro-vascularisation and, therefore, cortical callus formation. Moreover, in the case of lower limb bone osteotomy, the implant must be inserted on the longitudinal axis of the bone. In conceiving this implant we established a convex profile of the transversal arm of the plate with the same curvature as the bone. The advantage of added elasticity to the lateral legs is important because, when the human body temperature is attained, they exert compression force on the bone fragments and amplify the automatic effect of retaining the bone fragments on all fracture sides. The proposed implant for the osteoporotic bone can be perfectly implanted into the bone, offering a strong holding effect of the bone fragments on each side of the fracture line. Fig. 30. The plate is implanted in the proximal epiphysis of the femur (first variant), the plate is implanted in the distal epiphysis of the femur (second variant) 4.5 Modular adaptive orthopaedic network based on shape memory alloys The problem which this modular-adaptive implant proposal solves is that the implant ensures a modular adaptive network to the fracture due to the properties of the material from which the network is made (Nitinol), an elastic coupling and the stimulation of the rehabilitation of the bone continuity. As a function of the severity and particularity of the case, in the central area of all modules that form the network or just in the case of a small number of modules the simulative corresponding drugs can be stored. The central area can be perforated by the surgeon so the drugs can be administrated locally, in the traumatised area, the flow depending on the dimension of the penetrating needle. The smart material (for example Nitinol) that makes the modular network is characterised by superelasticty similar to the bone structures, a good image revealed by radiological investigations and a good physical and chemical compatibility which can be assimilated by an augmented resistance to the electrolytic effect of the biological environment. Due to the pseudoelastic property of shape memory alloys, even
Orthopaedic Modular Implants Based on Shape Memory Alloys when resorption occurs between the two fragments, the implant maintains its compressive effect, which has a positive influence on fracture healing. Fig. 31. The schema of the modular adaptive orthopaedic network Fig. 32. For a force given by equation F=-800*sin(6.282*time) on the OX axis we present the stress maps corresponding to the network in two different moments of the dinamic load 451
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BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING - FROM THEOR
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free online editions of InTech Book
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VI Contents Chapter 9 Targeted Magn
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X Preface stand-alone and readers c
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120 6. Conclusion Biomedical Engine
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150 5. Conclusions Biomedical Engin
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162 1 st phase : half year 4 2 nd p
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166 7. Innovative active training B
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172 12. Maturing projects’ story
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180 16. Acknowledgments Biomedical
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190 R* M M M M MR*M O O O O M O R*
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196 Fig. 9. Chemical structure of 5
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198 Relative Intensity (AU) Biomedi
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204 2. Preparation of IO nanopartic
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256 3. Deposition techniques Biomed
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Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications

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