Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications

More documents

Recommendations

Info

424 Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications Table 3 shows a comparison on mechanical properties of proposed biodegradable metals versus SS316L. Basically, magnesium- and iron-based alloys are two classes of metals which have been proposed. Among Mg-based alloys have been studied, include MgAl- (Heublein, 2003, Witte, 2005, Xin, 2007), MgRE- (Di Mario, 2004, Peeters, 2005, Witte, 2005, Waksman, 2006, Hänzi, 2009) and MgCa- (Zhang, 2008, Li, 2008) based alloys. Meanwhile, for Fe-based alloys, pure iron (Peuster, 2001, Peuster, 2006) and FeMn alloys (Hermawan, 2008, Schinhammer, 2009) have been investigated mainly for cardiovascular applications. Among the most advanced studies on biodegradable metals is the development of stents. Figure 2 shows a prototype of biodegradable stent made of iron. The potentiality of biodegradable metal stents for use in treating cardiovascular problem has been assessed by the three level of biological assessment from in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials. However, more explorations to understand some fundamental aspects involving the interaction between cells (tissue) – material (degradation product), which was never considered for inert materials, are strongly necessary. Fig. 2. Prototype of biodegradable stent; (up) as fabricated, (middle) crimped onto a balloon catheter, and (bellow) expanded to 3mm by 6 atm pressure. (Courtesy of Cordynamics, SA) 7. Conclusion Nowadays, some metal implants have been replaced by ceramics and polymers due to their excellent biocompatibility and biofunctionality. However, for implants which require high strength, toughness and durability, they are still made of metals. On the other side, clinical use of the promising research in using bioactive polymers and ceramics in regenerative medicine is still far away from practice. With further improvement on novel biofunctionalities and revolutionary use of metal such as for biodegradable implants, it is with a confidence to say that metals will continue to be used as biomaterials in the future. The future trend seems to combine the mechanically superior metals and the excellent biocompatibility and biofunctionality of ceramics and polymers to obtain the most desirable clinical performance of the implants.
Metals for Biomedical Applications 8. Acknowledgment Authors would like to acknowledge the kind assistantship from Medical Implant Technology Research Group (MediTeg), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). This work was supported by the UTM’s Research Grant Schemes. 9. References Adell, R., Lekholm, U., Rockler, B., & Branemark, P.I. (1981). A 15-year study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Intl J Oral Surg, 10, 387. Akahori, T., & Niinomi, M. (1998). Fracture characteristics of fatigued Ti6Al4V ELI as an implant material. Mater Sci Eng A, 243, 237. Amis, A.A., Bromagen, J.D., & Lazvin, M. (1987). Fatigue fracture of a femoral sliding compression screw-plate device bone union. Biomaterials, 8, 153. Aparicioa, C., Gil, F.J., Fonseca, C., Barbosa, M., & Planell, J.A. (2003). Corrosion behaviour of commercially pure Ti shot blasted with different materials and sizes of shot particles for dental implant applications. Biomaterials, 24, 263. ASM (1998a). ASM Handbook Vol. 2, Properties and Selection Nonferrous Alloys and Special- Purpose Materials, Materials Park, ASM Internaional. ASM (1998b), ASM Handbook Vol. 7, Powder Metals Technologies and Applications, Materials Park, ASM International. ASM (1998c), ASM Handbook Vol. 15, Casting, Materials Park, ASM International. ASTM (2001). ASTM B 80: Standard Specification for Magnesium-Alloy Sand Castings, West Conshohocken, ASTM International. ASTM (2003). ASTM F 138: Standard Specification for Wrought 18chromium-14nickel- 2.5molybdenum Stainless Steel Bar and Wire for Surgical Implants (UNS S31673), West Conshohocken, ASTM International. ASTM (2006). ASTM F 67: Standard Specification for Unalloyed Titanium, for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R50250, UNS R50400, UNS R50550, UNS R50700), West Conshohocken, ASTM International. ASTM (2007a). ASTM F 90: Standard Specification for Wrought Cobalt-20Chromium-15Tungsten- 10Nickel Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R30605), West Conshohocken, ASTM International. ASTM (2007b). ASTM F 562: Standard Specification for Wrought 35Cobalt-35Nickel- 20Chromium-10Molybdenum Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R30035), West Conshohocken, ASTM International. ASTM (2008). ASTM F 136: Standard Specification for Wrought Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadium ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R56401), West Conshohocken, ASTM International. Aziz-Kerrzo, M., Conroy, K.G., Fenelon, A.M., Farrell, S.T., & Breslin, C.B. (2001). Electrochemical studies on the stability and corrosion resistance of Ti-based implant materials, Biomaterials, 22, 1531-1539. Azushima, A., Kopp, R., Korhonen, A., Yang, D.Y., Micari, F., Lahoti, G.D., Groche, P., Yanagimoto, J., Tsuji, N., Rosochowski, A., & Yanagida, A. (2008). Severe plastic deformation (SPD) processes for metals, CIRP Annal Manuf Technol, 57, 716. Black, J., & Hastings, G. (1998). Handbook of Biomaterial Properties, Chapman Hall. 425
Page 1 and 2:
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING - FROM THEOR
Page 3:
free online editions of InTech Book
Page 6:
VI Contents Chapter 9 Targeted Magn
Page 10:
X Preface stand-alone and readers c
Page 14 and 15:
2 Biomedical Engineering - From The
Page 16 and 17:
4 Fig. 2. Process for retrieval inf
Page 18 and 19:
6 Biomedical search engine Scientif
Page 20 and 21:
8 Biomedical Engineering - From The
Page 22 and 23:
10 Biomedical Engineering - From Th
Page 24 and 25:
12 Bireme http://regional.bv salud.
Page 26 and 27:
14 Semantic Networks analysis Biome
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
100 Biomedical Engineering - From T
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
108 Method (Detection) CIEF-tITP-CZ
Page 122 and 123:
110 Method (Detection) Analyte Matr
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
120 6. Conclusion Biomedical Engine
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
150 5. Conclusions Biomedical Engin
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
162 1 st phase : half year 4 2 nd p
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
166 7. Innovative active training B
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
172 12. Maturing projects’ story
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
180 16. Acknowledgments Biomedical
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197:
Page 198 and 199:
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
190 R* M M M M MR*M O O O O M O R*
Page 204 and 205:
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
196 Fig. 9. Chemical structure of 5
Page 210 and 211:
198 Relative Intensity (AU) Biomedi
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
204 2. Preparation of IO nanopartic
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
256 3. Deposition techniques Biomed
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
300 2. Nanoparticles in biomedical
Page 314 and 315:
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Page 320 and 321:
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
Page 354 and 355:
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
Page 360 and 361:
Page 362 and 363:
Page 364 and 365:
Page 366 and 367:
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
Page 372 and 373:
Page 374 and 375:
Page 376 and 377:
Page 378 and 379:
Page 380 and 381:
Page 382 and 383:
Page 384 and 385:
Page 386 and 387: 374 Biomedical Engineering - From T
Page 446 and 447: 434 3. Three dimensional virtual mo
Page 466 and 467: 454 In this case, the eigenvalues a
Page 468 and 469: 456 where Biomedical Engineering -
Page 484 and 485: 472 Nb b b l l1 Biomedical Engineer
Page 486 and 487:
Page 488 and 489:
Page 490 and 491:
478 Load F (μN) Parallel-oriented
Page 492 and 493:
Page 494 and 495:
Page 496 and 497:
Page 498:
show all

Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?