Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications

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366 Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications Fig. 6. General frame of the porphyrin type structures involved in biomedical studies Porphyrinoid photosensitizers are classified as belonging to the first, second or third generation of photosensitizers as shown in Figure 6, or depending on the platform to which they belong (porphyrin, chlorophyll, dyes) (Allison R.R. et al., 2004). They could also be classified according to their primary mechanism of action and/or according to their use (type of cancer, photodiagnosis or therapy). The first generation of photosensitizers consists only of hematoporphyrin derivatives and was developed during the 70’s. Photosensitizers belonging to the second generation are porphyrin derivatives or synthetics made from the late ‘80s on. Second generation 10 photosensitizers are improved compared to the first generation: they have a definite structure (which means they are no more a combination of monomers, dimers and oligomers), absorb light at longer wavelengths and cause less skin photosensitization. Third generation photosensitizers use available drugs and then modify them with different carriers in order to obtain tailored characteristics. Examples of clinically available porphyrin sensitizers are presented in Table 2.
Trends in Interdisciplinary Studies Revealing Porphyrinic Compounds Multivalency Towards Biomedical Application Brand names Substance (structure) Substance Activation Substance chemical Name wavelengt name (abbreviation) h (nm) Photofrin HpD Hematoporphyrin 630 Levulan H2N OH O Metvix Metvixia Visudyne O N H 2 O O O HO O O NH O O N O O O ALA M-ALA Foscan Temoporfin LS11 NPe6 Laserphyrin Photochlor HO HO O O O H N O NH O N H N O N N O N OH N H N HN HN O OH 5-Aminolevulinic acid Methyl-5- Aminolevulinic acid 630 634 Verteporfin 690 Talaporfin HPPH 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (3hydroxyphenyl)chlorin mono-L-aspartyl chlorine e6 2-(1-Hexyloxyethyl) -2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a 652 367 Manufacturer Axcan Pharma, Inc. DUSA Pharmaceuticals , Inc. PhotoCure ASA Galderma, Dallas, TX Novartis Pharmaceuticals Biolitec Pharma Ltd. 664 Light Science 665 RPCI Table 2. Clinically available porphyrin sensitizers (adapted from Allison et al., 2004)
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BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING - FROM THEOR
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free online editions of InTech Book
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VI Contents Chapter 9 Targeted Magn
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X Preface stand-alone and readers c
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2 Biomedical Engineering - From The
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4 Fig. 2. Process for retrieval inf
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6 Biomedical search engine Scientif
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8 Biomedical Engineering - From The
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10 Biomedical Engineering - From Th
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12 Bireme http://regional.bv salud.
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14 Semantic Networks analysis Biome
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108 Method (Detection) CIEF-tITP-CZ
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110 Method (Detection) Analyte Matr
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120 6. Conclusion Biomedical Engine
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150 5. Conclusions Biomedical Engin
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162 1 st phase : half year 4 2 nd p
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166 7. Innovative active training B
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172 12. Maturing projects’ story
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180 16. Acknowledgments Biomedical
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190 R* M M M M MR*M O O O O M O R*
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196 Fig. 9. Chemical structure of 5
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198 Relative Intensity (AU) Biomedi
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204 2. Preparation of IO nanopartic
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256 3. Deposition techniques Biomed
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454 In this case, the eigenvalues a
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456 where Biomedical Engineering -
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472 Nb b b l l1 Biomedical Engineer
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478 Load F (μN) Parallel-oriented
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Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications

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