Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications

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354 Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications Wiswell, T.E. & Hachey, W.E. (1993). Urinary tract infections and the circumcision state: An update. Clin Pediat 32, 130-134. Wiswell, T.E. (1995). Neonatal circumcision: a current appraisal. Focus Opin Pediat 1, 93-99. Wiswell, T.E. (1997). Circumcision circumspection. N Engl J Med 36, 1244-1245. Wiswell, T.E. (2000). The prepuce, urinary tract infections, and the consequences. Pediatrics 105, 8602. World Health Organisation and UNAIDS. (2007a). New data on male circumcision and HIV prevention: policy and programme implications., http://who.int/hiv/mediacentre/MCrecommendations_en.pdf. World Health Organisation and UNAIDS. (2007b). Male circumcision: Global trends and determinants of prevalance, safety and acceptability. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241596169_eng.pdf. Geneva, World Health Organization. WHO/UNAIDS/JHPIEGO. (2008). Manual for male circumcision under local anaesthesia. http://www.malecircumcision.org/programs/documents/WHO_MC_Manual_ Local_Anaesthesia_v2-5C_Jan08.pdf Xu, F., Markowitz, L.E., Sternberg, M.R. & Aral, S.O. (2007). Prevalence of circumcision and herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in men in the United States: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2004. Sex Transm Dis 34, 479-484. Yahya-Malima, K.I., Matee, M.I., Evjen-Olsen, B. & Fylkesnes, K. (2007). High potential of escalating HIV transmission in a low prevalence setting in rural Tanzania. BMC Public Health 7, 103 (10 pages). Yan, B., You, H., Zhang, K., Tang, H.Y., Mao, W., He, G.H. & Yin, Z.G. (2010). [Circumcision with the Chinese Shang Ring in children: outcomes of 824 cases]. (in Chinese). Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 16, 250-253. Yellen, H.S. (1935). Bloodless circumcision of the newborn. Am J Obstet Gynecol 30, 1. Yilmaz, D., Akin, M., Ay, Y., Balkan, C., Celik, A., Ergün, O. & Kavakli, K. (2010). A single centre experience in circumcision of haemophilia patients: Izmir protocol. Haemophilia 16, 888-889. Zhenyuan, L. (1989). People's Republic of China Patent CN2045993 (Laser Shield (Chinese)). (Priority date Mar 21, 1989).
15 Trends in Interdisciplinary Studies Revealing Porphyrinic Compounds Multivalency Towards Biomedical Application 1. Introduction Radu Socoteanu 1 et al. * 1 Ilie Murgulescu Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Romania Porphyrins are a unique class of compounds widely present in nature. Due to their distinct chemical and photophysical properties they have a variety of applications, the most important being presented in Fig. 1. Porphyrin chemistry and their applications have undergone a renaissance in the last years reflected in the 20 volumes of the recent comprehensive work giving an overview of the field (Kadish K.M et al., 2002). Despite the impressive volume of data, the question about the actual trends and future involvement of porphyrins in biomedical applications is still a hot topic as reflected by the number of publications on photodynamic therapy (Fig.2). In the last decades a great deal of efforts from the scientific community focused on developing new therapeutic and diagnosis approaches in major diseases, like cancer and infection. One of the most dynamic fields of investigation is photodynamic therapy (PDT), which takes advantage of controlled oxidative stress for destroying pathogens. This article aims at reviewing major topics related to biomedical engineering, porphyrins for PDT and photodiagnosis (PDD). We do not intend to provide an exhaustive display and comment of the porphyrinoid structures, as a huge number on papers and reviews dealing with the subject have already been published. We emphasize herein that porphyrins are also among the most promising candidates to be used as fluorescent near infrared (NIR) probes for non-invasive diagnosis and this opens the possibility to perform simultaneously tumor imaging and treatment in the same approach. It is worth mentioning that, besides their medical applications, porphyrins are used in industrial and analytical applications as * Rica Boscencu 2, Anca Hirtopeanu 3, Gina Manda 4, Anabela Sousa Oliveira 5,6, Mihaela Ilie 2 and Luis Filipe Vieira Ferreira 6. 1 Ilie Murgulescu Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Romania, 2 Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Romania, 3 Costin Nenitescu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Romania, 4 Victor Babes National Institute, Romania, 5 Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação e Inovação, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre, Portugal, 6 Centro de Química-Física Molecular, Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal.
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BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING - FROM THEOR
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VI Contents Chapter 9 Targeted Magn
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X Preface stand-alone and readers c
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12 Bireme http://regional.bv salud.
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14 Semantic Networks analysis Biome
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120 6. Conclusion Biomedical Engine
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150 5. Conclusions Biomedical Engin
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162 1 st phase : half year 4 2 nd p
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172 12. Maturing projects’ story
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180 16. Acknowledgments Biomedical
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190 R* M M M M MR*M O O O O M O R*
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196 Fig. 9. Chemical structure of 5
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198 Relative Intensity (AU) Biomedi
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204 2. Preparation of IO nanopartic
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256 3. Deposition techniques Biomed
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300 2. Nanoparticles in biomedical
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454 In this case, the eigenvalues a
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456 where Biomedical Engineering -
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472 Nb b b l l1 Biomedical Engineer
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