Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications

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314 Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications Yang, Z., Z. W. Liu, et al. (2010). "A review of nanoparticle functionality and toxicity on the central nervous system." J R Soc Interface 7 Suppl 4: S411-422. Yu, W. W. (2008). "Semiconductor quantum dots: synthesis and water-solubilization for biomedical applications." Expert Opin Biol Ther 8(10): 1571-1581. Zhu, S., E. Oberdorster, et al. (2006). "Toxicity of an engineered nanoparticle (fullerene, C60) in two aquatic species, Daphnia and fathead minnow." Mar Environ Res 62 Suppl: S5-9. Zhu, X., Y. Chang, et al. (2010). "Toxicity and bioaccumulation of TiO2 nanoparticle aggregates in Daphnia magna." Chemosphere 78(3): 209-215. Zhu, X., L. Zhu, et al. (2008). "Comparative toxicity of several metal oxide nanoparticle aqueous suspensions to Zebrafish (Danio rerio) early developmental stage." J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 43(3): 278-284.
1. Introduction 14 Male Circumcision: An Appraisal of Current Instrumentation Brian J. Morris 1 and Chris Eley 2 1 School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2 Editor, www.circlist.com, London, 1 Australia 2 United Kingdom The topic of male circumcision (MC) is of considerable current interest, largely because of widespread publicity generated by research findings attesting to its ability to prevent HIV infection during heterosexual intercourse. In addition, its long-recognized ability to protect against other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has also been well publicized in recent times, especially now that support has been provided by large randomized controlled trials (RCTs). While MC can be performed at any age, the ease with which circumcision can be performed in infancy makes this time of life preferable to intervention later in childhood or in adulthood. As well as the issue of safety, convenience, simplicity and consequent cost reductions, circumcision in infancy provides greater net benefits over the lifetime of the individual. It provides immediate 10-fold protection against urinary tract infections and thus kidney damage in baby boys, and greater protection against penile cancer than circumcision later in life, virtually eliminating the risk of this disease with its high morbidity and mortality (Morris, 2007; Morris, 2010; Tobian et al., 2010; Morris et al., 2011). Another benefit is prevention of phimosis, a common cause of sexual problems in adolescent boys and men, and a major risk factor for penile cancer. It also lowers to risk of inflammatory skin conditions such as balanoposthitis. Circumcised men have superior hygiene (O'Farrell et al., 2005) and half the prevalence of thrush (Richters et al., 2006). As far as protection against STIs is concerned, the most notable is human papillomavirus (HPV), the pathogen not only responsible for most cervical cancers in women, but also a proportion of penile cancers in men (Morris et al., 2011). MC also reduces the incidence of ulcerative STIs, including syphilis, chancroid, Trichomonas vaginalis, and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) (Weiss et al., 2006; Morris & Castellsague, 2010; Tobian et al., 2010). Circumcised men have lower genital ulcer disease as a result of this and the reduction in penile injury arising from tearing of the foreskin and frenulum during sexual activity (Bailey & Mehta, 2009). MC reduces sexual problems with age and diabetes (Morris, 2007; Morris, 2010; Tobian et al., 2010; Morris et al., 2011), and has no adverse effect on sexual function, sensation or acceptability (Morris, 2007; Tobian et al., 2010), if anything the reverse (Krieger et al., 2008). MC provides a public health benefit to women by lowering their risk of various STIs, including high-risk HPV types that cause cervical cancer, HSV-2,
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BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING - FROM THEOR
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free online editions of InTech Book
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VI Contents Chapter 9 Targeted Magn
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X Preface stand-alone and readers c
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6 Biomedical search engine Scientif
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12 Bireme http://regional.bv salud.
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100 Biomedical Engineering - From T
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108 Method (Detection) CIEF-tITP-CZ
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110 Method (Detection) Analyte Matr
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120 6. Conclusion Biomedical Engine
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150 5. Conclusions Biomedical Engin
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162 1 st phase : half year 4 2 nd p
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166 7. Innovative active training B
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172 12. Maturing projects’ story
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180 16. Acknowledgments Biomedical
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190 R* M M M M MR*M O O O O M O R*
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196 Fig. 9. Chemical structure of 5
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198 Relative Intensity (AU) Biomedi
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204 2. Preparation of IO nanopartic
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256 3. Deposition techniques Biomed
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454 In this case, the eigenvalues a
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456 where Biomedical Engineering -
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472 Nb b b l l1 Biomedical Engineer
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Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications

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