Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications

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180 16. Acknowledgments Biomedical Engineering – From Theory to Applications The "virtual CEO" would like to thank especially, in agreement with its management team, the eleven co-creators of Biotika. These student engineers / contractors, graduated in 2007, are now working for the real tasks of development and marketing of medical devices for patient care. Firstly, they were: Khalid Azzouzi, Anthony Bataillard, Amandine Botella, Jérémy Degrave, Florent Demonmerot, Emmanuel Gantou, Cyril Gamelon, Mathieu Guillaume, Marie-Claire Leve, Davy Ung and Yohann Viennet. Thank course the young and dynamic who is now provided by all engineering students/Biotika® engineers of ISIFC: the last but not least 2011 Biotika® team (23 students)! But, I particularly want to express my gratitude to 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 teams which represent a total of 89 different students. I would have been able to list all their names! Sébastien Thibaud, Sébastien Euphrasie, Nadège Bodin Courjal from FEMTO-ST institute and Jacques Duffaud (ISIFC studies director) and Christophe Moureaux are our scientific experts. Magaly Roy and Mohamed El Hamdaoui are always presents for helping our virtual firm and in fact our students. Sincerely thanks to them. I don’t forget our major Besançon’s hospital Collaborator Dr Lionel Pazart and his colleagues and physicians and/or researchers: Professors R.Aubry, E.Euvrard, S.Koch, C.Meyer, A.Menget, G.Thiriez, J.Regnard and N.Tordi. This chapter would not have been possible without the enormous support from Georges Soto Romero and Florent Guyon. 17. References O. Blagosklonov, G. Soto-Romero, F. Guyon, N. Courjal, S. Euphrasie, R. Yahiaoui and N. Butterlin, Virtual Firm as a Role-Playing Tool for Biomedical Education, Proceedings of the 28th IEEE EMBS’06, Engineering in medicine and biology conference, New York city, USA, Paper SaC 14.3, pp 5451-5452, August 30-Sept 3, 2006 N. Butterlin, Biotika students put to the test at a virtual school, Reference innovation N°5, pp 64- 67, November-December 2006, (invited paper) N. Butterlin, G. Soto-Romero, J. Duffaud, O. Blagosklonov, ISIFC, Dual Biomedical Engineering School, Proceedings of the 29th Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Lyon, paper FrC12.1, pp3098-3101, August 23-26 2007 N. Butterlin, G. Soto-romero, F. Guyon , L'entreprise virtuelle Biotika de l'ISIFC ou les grands principes d'une ingénierie pédagogique innovante en relation directe avec les entreprises, EdP Sciences: J3eA 8, 1024 (2009), DOI: 10.1051/j3ea:2008065, Access Jan. 2009, Aavilable from http://www.j3ea.org/10.1051/j3ea:2008065 A. Moreau-Gaudry, L. Pazart, Développement d’une innovation technologique en santé : le cycle CREPS, Concept-Recherche-Essais-Produit-Soins, IRBM 31 (2010)12-21, Biomedical Engineering and Research, Elsevier Masson, Access Feb. 2010 , Available from http://wwwsciencesdirect.com
Nano-Engineering of Complex Systems: Smart Nanocarriers for Biomedical Applications 1. Introduction L.G. Guerrero-Ramírez 1 and Issa Katime 2 1 Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías. Guadalajara Jalisco, 2 Grupo de Nuevos Materiales y Espectroscopia Supramolecular, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología (Campus Leioa), 1 México 2 Spain The latest research in the area of polymeric materials focus on the design of increasingly complex devices that have a specific objective (Dubé et al., 2002). The knowledge of a world beyond our simple fire vision of research that, in turn, have generated a more complete knowledge about the surrounding environment and the development of new sciences that attempt to explain the behavior of micro scale. Among the new sciences of the XXI century are to nanotechnology, which is still being developed. The transition from micro to nano scale will provide significant improvements in the understanding of matter and its applications (Katime et al., 2004). Nanotechnology is the study, design, creation, synthesis, manipulation and application of materials, devices and functional systems through control of matter at the nano scale and the exploitation of phenomena and properties of matter at the nano scale. Nanotechnology requires a new interdisciplinary approach to both research and in fabrication processes (Katime, 1994). We consider two routes: the first is the miniaturization of microsystems and the second mimics nature by building structures from atomic levels molecular (Thomson, 1983). Because of the latter need emerges nanotechnology to biomedicine, science that is now channeled to the study of biological systems, largely based on the science of polymers to achieve this goal (Mendizábal et al., 2000). One of the areas in the twentieth century has been supplemented to the science of polymers is biomedicine within it, biomaterials have the most diverse types of devices, and that demonstrate the advantages over other materials traditionally used (Lee et al., 1996). Because of its versatility, polymeric hydrogels are a special type of biomaterials whose use has expanded rapidly in many areas of medicine (Lee & Wang, 1996). When designing a synthetic polymer is generally aimed at satisfying a need, in other words, it seeks to confer a characteristic end product that helps solve the problem for which it was designed. There is a direct relationship between the properties of a hydrogel (or a polymer in general) and its structure, so that both features cannot be considered in isolation, since the method of synthesis has a decisive influence on them. Therefore, when evaluating the properties of the hydrogels is to be referred to the structural parameters that condition 8
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