Prospectus 2012 - National School of Drama

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NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA
2012
prospectus

National School of Drama
The National School of Drama is one of the foremost theatre training institutions in the world
and the only one of its kind in India. Established in 1959 as a constituent unit of the Sangeet
Natak Akademi, the School became an independent entity in 1975 and was registered as an
autonomous organisation under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860, fully financed
by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.
The School offers an intensive and comprehensive three-year course of training in theatre
and allied arts. Successful candidates are awarded a Diploma in Dramatic Arts after
completion of the course. Training is based on a carefully planned syllabus which covers
every aspect of theatre, and in which theory is related to practice. As a part of the training,
students are required to produce plays that are then performed before a public audience.
The School has two performing wings: the Repertory Company, which was started in 1964,
and the Theatre-in-Education Company (Sanskaar Rang Toli), which was founded in 1989. On
completion of the three-year diploma course, successful candidates may be considered for
enrolment into either of these two Companies, or they may work on a project or dissertation
on theatre for which fellowships of a year’s duration are granted. The Extension Programme
of the School, under which workshops for adults and children are conducted in various parts
of the country, was launched in 1978.

Notifications
Notification by the Government of India,
Ministry of Education and Culture,
Recognizing the Diploma
No. RC.Q. 11023/22/77/T7/7
Government of India
Ministry of Education & Culture
(Department of Education)
New Delhi, dated the 6th September, 1980
OFFICE MEMORANDUM
On the recommendation of the Board of Assessment of
Educational Qualifications, the Government of India has
decided to recognize the Diploma in Dramatics awarded
by the National School of Drama, New Delhi after the three
years course, for the purpose of recruitment to superior
posts and services, under the Central Government where
specialization in the field of Dramatics is required.
Sd.- (M.S. SRINIVASAN)
DIRECTOR (TECH.)
To
1. All the Ministries and Departments of Government of
India.
2. All State Governments and Union Territories (Education
Departments)
3. The Four Regional Offices of the Ministry of Education
and Culture.
4. All Directors of Technical Education.
5. Union Public Service Commission (with 5 spare copies).
6. Staff Selection Commission, Khan Market, Lok Nayak
Bhawan, New Delhi.
7. All State Public Service Commissions.
8. Association of Indian Universities, D.D. Upadhyaya Marg,
New Delhi.
9. D.P.I.O. (Ministry of Education), Shastri Bhawan, New
Delhi.
10. All Boards of Apprenticeship Trainings
TRUE COPY
Notification by Association of Indian
Universities, Recognizing the Diploma
SEAL
Telegrams: ‘UNIBOARD’
ASSOCIATION OF INDIAN UNIVERSITIES
Deendayal Upadhyaya Marg, New Delhi 110002
NO. EV/II (414)/81/39395
19 October 1981
R.P. Monga
Section Officer
Dear Shri Karanth,
Please refer to my letter of even number
dated 14th May 1981.
The Equivalence Committee of this
Association at its meeting held on
12th October 1981, considered the
question of equivalence of the Diploma
in Dramatics awarded by the National
School of Drama, New Delhi. I am giving
below the resolution adopted thereon.
“Resolved that those who have a B.A.
degree and have obtained a Diploma
in Dramatics from the National School
of Drama, New Delhi be considered as
having obtained an M.A. degree and
as such be eligible for appointment as
teachers in colleges and universities
and for purpose of registration to Ph.D.”
Yours Sincerely
Sd/- (R.P. Monga)
Shri B.V. Karanth
Director, National School of Drama
Bahawalpur House, Bhagwandas Road
New Delhi 110 001
National School of Drama 1
Notifications 2
Training at the National School of Drama 4
Subjects of Study 5
Syllabus 8
Admission-related Matters 16
General Information 20
Extension Programme 23
Sanskaar Rang Toli 23
Repertory Company 23
Faculty 24
Administrative and Technical Staff 32
Contents
2 3

Training at the National School of Drama Subjects of Study
The central aim of the course is to prepare students for the practice of theatre.
To this end, a variety of practical skills need to be developed and a corpus of
knowledge acquired. While all areas of study are assessed separately and a
high standard of work demanded in each, the primary objective of the course
is to develop creativity and its imaginative expression within the collective
framework of a group.
The National School of Drama offers a
three-year, full-time Diploma course in
Dramatic Arts for students intending to
make theatre their profession.
MODERN INDIAN DRAMA
• Development of modern Indian theatre from the mid-
19th century with an emphasis on the contemporary
theatre scene
• Regional language theatre: theory and practice
CLASSICAL INDIAN DRAMA
• Classical Indian drama and aesthetics
• History of Sanskrit drama
• Detailed analysis of selected Sanskrit plays and their
interpretation in terms of their dramatic structure as
laid down in the Natyashastra, their performances and
audiences in the ancient period, and their significance
for contemporary theatre
WORLD DRAMA
• History of world drama with an emphasis on Greek
tragedies, Shakespearean drama, modern and
contemporary plays
VOICE & SPEECH
• Exercises to achieve breath control, clarity and audibility
in speech, to enable students to perform a variety of
roles on the stage with ease
YOGA
• Physical fitness, an increased degree of alertness,
grace and concentration, and maximum use of voice
capabilities, achieved through the practice of asanas,
kriyas and pranayam
MIME & MOVEMENT
• Modern movement trends: theory and practice
• Learning the principles of Shilpashastra and
Natyashastra
• Expression of human experience and activities
through body language such as gestures, postures and
movements
• Abhinaya (stylised acting) through physiological
observation and expression of persons and objects
THEATRE MUSIC
• Enhancing the musical sensibility of students through
knowledge of various sounds and rhythmic patterns,
evolved from the text of the play
• Inculcating a sense of stage music in aesthetic terms
and as a ‘total theatre’ concept based on theatre-specific
uses
ACTING & IMPROVISATION
• Drawing out, moulding and refining individual talent
by shaping actors’ bodies and voices, sharpening
their imagination and sensitivities, and tapping their
emotional resources
• Enhancing environmental and experiential awareness,
and helping to establish acting skills and techniques
• Teaching and familiarising students with the major
codified theories and methods of acting
4 5

Subjects of Study Subjects of Study
THEATRE ARCHITECTURE
• Development of theatre in the East with special
emphasis on theatre forms in the Natyashastra, and in
Southeast Asia, China and Japan
• Contemporary theatre architecture and stage design in
the East, especially portable and fixed open-air theatre
and other architectural conventions suited to Indian
conditions
• Evolution of theatre forms and stage designs in the West
from the Greek to the Modern periods
SCENIC DESIGN
• Concepts and philosophy behind design
• Ideas and methods of stage designers
• Stage construction and stage techniques
• Basics of set design and making models
COSTUME DESIGN
• History of costume design
• Interpretation and styles of costume design
STAGE LIGHTING
• Objectives of lighting
• Lighting plan
• Lighting equipment
• Elementary study of electricity
and handling of the switchboard
MAKE-UP
• Different styles of make-up:
theory and practice
PRODUCTION
• Techniques of
moving from the text
to the stage
• Structure of plays
• Languages of performance
• The art of direction
• Understanding of sound, music and visual design
• Selection and study of plays
APPRECIATION COURSES AND WORKSHOP SESSIONS
• Apart from the above courses, the School also
organises appreciation courses and workshop sessions
on various aspects of Indian art and culture.
6 7

Syllabus Syllabus
Training in the School is based on a thorough, comprehensive and
carefully planned syllabus that covers every aspect of theatre from
theory to practice, and the results of which are put to test before
a wide audience. The syllabus takes into account the methods of
eminent theatre personalities who have shaped contemporary
theatre in all its forms and expressions.
It includes broad-based training in classical Indian and Western
dramatic traditions, Indian traditional and folk theatre, modern
theatre trends in India and abroad, introduction of theatre trends of
the world, and specialised training in Indian theatre traditions.
FIRST YEAR
Introduction to Acting
Introduction to Theatre Techniques &
Design
Theatre History, Literature & Aesthetics
SECOND YEAR
Specialisation in Acting OR
Theatre Techniques & Design
Theatre History, Literature & Aesthetics
THIRD YEAR
Specialisation chosen in the second year
continues
The FIRST YEAR is divided into two
semesters. The first semester (July–
December) is devoted to the basics of
acting, theatre techniques & design, and
theatre history & aesthetics. In the second
semester the same subjects are studied in
detail.
In the SECOND YEAR the students
choose their area of specialisation. This
year is also broadly divided into two
semesters: the third and the fourth.
The third semester covers theatre
history, literature & aesthetics, acting
(specialisation), and theatre techniques
& design (specialisation). The fourth
semester focuses further on theatre
history, literature & aesthetics, acting
(specialisation), and theatre techniques &
design (specialisation).
The THIRD YEAR syllabus aims at giving
students advanced training in their area of
specialisation: acting or theatre techniques
& design.
The School’s faculty and visiting teachers,
comprising theatre practitioners from
India and abroad, design study modules
and impart training to students each year.
The training includes classroom lectures,
a series of intensive workshops, and
appreciation courses in film and other arts.
Since it is situated in the cultural hub of
the capital of India, students of the School
have the opportunity to watch a variety of
other plays being performed, from both
India and abroad. Delhi also offers rich fare
in the visual arts, music and dance, which
in turn serve to broaden the students’
perspective and awareness, and their
understanding of theatre.
8 9

Syllabus Syllabus
first year
first semester
The first semester concentrates on study of the self and its
application to theatre.
INTRODUCTION TO ACTING
• Performance skills (basic), physical preparation, yoga.
VOICE, SPEECH & MUSIC
• Exercises that focus on breathing, humming, pitch, volume
and singing.
IMPROVISATION & ACTING
• Through improvisation, silent and word-oriented, students
learn to see, hear, believe, react, observe and concentrate.
The focus is on study of the self, the self and others, and
the self and society.
MOVEMENT
• Students learn how to use their body, voice and imagination.
• They learn how to be aware of the body and concentrate
on its rhythm, enter space and loosen their limbs.
• Students acquire acting skills through classes focused on
an understanding of the self.
INTRODUCTION TO THEATRE TECHNIQUES & DESIGN
• Basic skills in technical drawing, sketching, carpentry and
other crafts.
• Introduction to lighting, make-up, history of theatre
architecture and conventions.
THEATRE HISTORY, LITERATURE & AESTHETICS
• Modern Indian drama, world drama and autobiographies.
• Non-Indian traditions of modern classics, like short stories,
poetry and films.
• In aesthetics, the history of art and civilisation is examined
through paintings.
first year
second semester
INTRODUCTION TO ACTING
• Work on basic performance skills continues.
• Basic text and speech analysis.
• Scene-work and rehearsals of modern realistic texts,
culminating in an in-house production.
INTRODUCTION TO THEATRE TECHNIQUES & DESIGN
• Classes to develop basic technical skills in carpentry,
mask-making and model-making continue.
• Basic concepts and methods of scenic design,
costume design and lighting.
THEATRE HISTORY, LITERATURE & AESTHETICS
• Study of regional Indian theatre, world drama
and the history of major trends in world theatre
starting with Greek theatre.
• Lectures on the history of art and civilisation continue.
10 11

Syllabus Syllabus
second year
third semester
Work in this semester focuses on classical traditions, both
Indian and non-Indian. Students select from two streams
of specialisation: Acting OR Theatre Techniques & Design.
Theatre History, Literature & Aesthetics, and Production
are subjects common to both.
ACTING
(Specialisation)
• Acting in classical Indian drama: study of the religious
roots of the form, stylized gestures, movement, dance
and purvarang (live music played before a performance).
• Acting in classical Greek drama: study of animal and
human masks, chorus, story-telling and verse-speaking.
• Scene-work on Parsi/Sanskrit/Greek theatre.
THEATRE TECHNIQUES & DESIGN
(Specialisation)
• Designing a classical text.
• History of theatre design, period costume, lighting,
poster designing, graphics and model-making.
THEATRE HISTORY, LITERATURE & AESTHETICS
(Common to students of both specialisations)
• Theatre history: oral myths, epics, Natyashastra, Poetics,
Greek and Sanskrit texts.
• Aesthetics: principles of Indian aesthetics, architecture
and painting.
PRODUCTION
(Common to students of both specialisations)
• Methodologies of production and direction.
• Productions will be opened to the public from this
semester onwards. They will include a Sanskrit/verse
play and a play based on a traditional form.
• There will be extensive field work in the regional roots of
the form. Actors will demonstrate and hone their acting
skills through these productions.
• Design students will participate in production work as
stage managers and apprentices in the fields of lighting,
set design and costume design.
second year
fourth semester
ACTING / THEATRE TECHNIQUES & DESIGN
(Specialisations)
• Acting for Shakespearean texts will include training for
a performance on an open stage, and verse and prose
speech.
• Acting for farce will include clowning routines, maskwork
and work on commedia del’arte (methods of
improvisation in comedy and farce).
• Scene-work will be performed on a Shakespearean text
or farce. Related work on speech, movement and music
will continue.
THEATRE HISTORY, LITERATURE & AESTHETICS
(Common to students of both specialisations)
• History of Indian and non-Indian theatres will continue
with additional inputs on Indian folk texts and
adaptations.
PRODUCTION
(Common to students of both specialisations)
• A public performance, either a farce or a Shakespearean
play, will be prepared and staged.
12 13

Syllabus Syllabus
third year
The third year syllabus is planned to give
students advanced training in their
specialisation – Acting OR Theatre Techniques
& Design – through a series of workshops conducted by
established theatre practitioners.
For Acting students, the workshops may include advanced
work with mask and gag routines, puppetry, computer
applications in theatre, realistic acting, and/or detailed work
on the objectives and handling of props.
For Theatre Techniques & Design students, advanced courses
in light design, scenic design, and projects on designing
auditoria and lighting for different kinds of spaces will be
conducted.
Film appreciation courses and a workshop on the
connection between theatre and the media may
also be included.
Productions of Indian and non-Indian texts, for which the
students will do design work under the supervision of experts,
will be performed during this year for ticketed audiences.
14 15

Admission-related Matters Admission-related Matters
APPLICATION PROCESS
In the year 2012, 26 students will be selected for
the three-year, full-time course in Dramatic Arts.
The candidates should apply in the prescribed
application form.
The process of admission is as follows:
• The prospectus and application form are available
on request by post or may be download from the
website of the School, www.nsd.gov.in
• Requests for the application form and prospectus
by post should be accompanied by a demand
draft of Rs 225, inclusive of Rs 75 for postage,
drawn in favour of The Director, National School
of Drama.
• Application forms downloaded from the School's
website should be submitted along with a
demand draft of Rs 150, drawn in favour of The
Director, National School of Drama.
• The demand drafts should be crossed‘Account
Payee only’.
• Testimonials, copies of certificates and four
recent passport-size, colour photographs, nonreturnable,
should be attached to the application.
• Candidates may be required to produce original
documents/certificates at the time of the
interview.
• Application forms (requested by post or
downloaded from the website), duly filled in
and complete in all respects, must be sent by
speed post to The Academic Department,
National School of Drama, Bahawalpur House,
Bhagwandas Road, New Delhi 110 001.
MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS FOR ADMISSION
• Graduation in any subject from a recognised
university.
• Proficiency in the mother tongue, and a
working knowledge of Hindi and English.
• Active participation in at least six theatre
productions or in any field related to theatre.
AGE
• The course is open to men and women between
the ages of 20 and 30 years.
• The upper age limit may be relaxed by five years
for candidates belonging to the SC/ST categories.
MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION
• The medium of instruction is Hindi and/or English,
depending on the subject. Plays, however, are
performed mostly in Hindi.
SELECTION PROCESS
The screening of applicants is carried out in two stages.
The preliminary screening comprises an audition or
practical test, and is conducted in New Delhi and four
other centres, usually Kolkata, Bengaluru, Mumbai and
Guwahati.
Candidates recommended by the Preliminary Selection
Committee will go through a final round of selection
in New Delhi, which is in the form of a four to five-day
workshop. In this final selection emphasis will be on the
candidate’s attitude towards learning and participating in
collective creation. To make the selection process broadbased,
it is ensured that selected candidates represent as
many states and union territories as possible.
Candidates called for the final round of selection will be
paid TA/DA from their hometown to the place of interview
in Delhi and back, by the shortest route, after they provide
2nd class train/bus tickets, receipts, etc. They will be given
accommodation in the School hostel.
RESERVATION FOR CANDIDATES BELONGING TO
SC/ST/OBC CATEGORIES
Out of the 26 seats, 5 seats are reserved for SC/ST
candidates and 5 for OBC candidates, preferably from
families traditionally belonging to the performing arts.
ADMISSION FOR CANDIDATES OF
FOREIGN NATIONALITY
Candidates of foreign nationality may take admission in
the course. However, because of the limited number of
seats, it is not feasible to accommodate more than one or
two foreign nationals in each session. Such students have
to submit their applications through the Indian Embassy/
High Commission in their countries, who will forward
these to the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR),
New Delhi. The School will then consider the applications
recommended by the ICCR.
RECOGNITION OF THE COURSE FOR RECRUITMENT
TO SUPERIOR POSTS AND SERVICES UNDER
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
The Diploma in Dramatic Arts awarded by the School is
recognised by the Government of India for the purpose
of recruitment to superior posts and services under the
Central Government where specialisation is required in the
field of dramatics. The Diploma is equivalent to a Master’s
degree in dramatics, and NSD graduates are eligible for
appointment as teachers in colleges and universities,
as well as for registration in research and doctoral
programmes.
16 17

Admission-related Matters Admission-related Matters
OBLIGATIONS OF SELECTED CANDIDATES
Training at the National School of Drama is rigorous and
requires hard physical work to acquire professionalism.
Students are required to maintain sound health and
possess enough stamina to participate in theatre practice.
Selected candidates are therefore required to submit a
medical certificate from a recognised medical authority.
Medical fitness is obligatory. The School reserves the
right to get any student checked by a competent medical
authority in this regard, at any given time. If found unfit, it
may not be possible for the School, despite all sympathy,
to allow the student to continue his or her study in the
School.
Selected candidates are not permitted to receive any
scholarship from any other source. They are required to
furnish an undertaking in the prescribed form stating nonreceipt
of scholarship from any other source.
Selected candidates are required to join the School on the
first day of the new session. The School does not accept
students who do not join at the very beginning, or who
cannot continue for the full period of three years. The new
session usually starts in mid-July every year.
FEES, DUES AND DEPOSITS
Candidates selected for admission will have to pay all fees
and other dues, as listed below, before the opening day,
failing which they will not be admitted into the School.
Admission fee: Rs 150
Tuition fee: Rs 150 per month
Students’ Union membership fee: Rs 60 per year
Costume fee for exercise classes: Rs 1,500 (approx.)
Advance fee for make-up kit: Rs 2,000 (adjustable)
Caution money and library fee deposit: Rs 9,000
(refundable after final settlement of accounts)
Stationery fee: Rs 1,650
HOSTEL, MESS AND OTHER MISCELLANEOUS DUES
Hostel rent per student: Rs 200 per month
Electricity and water charges: Rs 100 per month
(adjustable as per consumption)
Medical charges: Rs 100 per month
Mess charges (for lunch and dinner): Rs 1,350 per month
(likely to vary)
Students are advised to keep an additional provision of
Rs 1,000 at the time of joining, to cover any price rise/hike
that may occur in the above-mentioned items.
SCHOLARSHIP
The School awards a scholarship of Rs 6,000 (Rupees
Six thousand only) per month to selected candidates.
Students who are awarded such scholarships by the
School will be required:
(a) To execute a bond of Rs 2,16,000 (Rupees Two lakh
sixteen thousand only) to the effect that if he/she decides
to discontinue training before the end of three years, or
is made to discontinue on disciplinary grounds, he/she
will return all the money paid to him/her before such
discontinuance.
(b) To furnish a surety of Rs 2,16,000 (Rupees Two lakh
sixteen thousand only), duly attested by a District
Magistrate/Collector/Deputy Commissioner (Revenue
Authorities).
INSURANCE
Selected candidates are covered by a Risk Cover Insurance
Policy and are required to pay the premium amount, which
may work out to between Rs 150 and Rs 200 annually. The
School does not take any other responsibility beyond this
insurance cover.
WORKING HOURS
Classes are normally held from 8 am to 6 pm, with tea
and lunch breaks. Rehearsals and other practical work my
continue in the evenings till such time as required, and
also on holidays as the case may be.
VACATIONS
Each academic year is divided into two semesters. The first
semester is from mid-July to mid-December, followed by the
winter vacation from mid-December to mid-January. The
second semester is from mid-January to mid-May, followed
by the summer vacation from mid-May to mid-July.
These, however, may be changed or curtailed by the
School in special circumstances.
BOARD AND LODGING
There are separate hostels for girls and boys.
Accommodation provided to the students may be on a
room-sharing or dormitory basis. It is compulsory for all
students to join the hostel.
18 19

General Information General Information
ATTENDANCE RULES
In order to be eligible for their examination, first-year
students have to maintain a minimum of 90% attendance
in all classes (including morning classes), and at rehearsals
and productions. Second-year and third-year students
will have to maintain a minimum attendance of 75% in
classes for each group, i.e. acting, production, literature
and stagecraft as a whole, and 90% attendance in morning
classes and rehearsals.
In addition to attendance, punctuality is required for all
classes, exercises, lectures, rehearsals, etc. Late attendance
for three days or absence from three classes will be treated
as equivalent to one full day’s absence.
The above requirement of minimum attendance may,
however, be relaxed in exceptional cases at the discretion
of the Director and the Faculty.
The attendance of students at the above percentages
will be calculated on a semester basis, and any student
failing to fulfil the required level of attendance will not
be allowed to appear in the semester examination. Such
students will then forfeit the right to continue their studies
in the School.
Medical leave for a period exceeding three days will not be
granted without an authorised medical certificate from the
School’s doctor.
OTHER RULES
• Students are not allowed to enter into any arrangement
for training outside the School.
• Students are not allowed to seek or accept any
engagement to appear in public, neither on the amateur
or professional stage, nor in radio, television or films.
They may not seek or accept any employment during
their term of study.
• Students must conduct themselves properly and in
accordance with the rules that govern manners and
appearance. Any student found guilty of unbecoming
conduct may be suspended or expelled from the School.
• Consuming alcohol in the School premises is strictly
prohibited.
• Students are not allowed to invite visitors or friends
to classes, lectures or rehearsals, except with prior
permission from the Director.
• It is obligatory for the students to enact any role that
they are handed. They must participate in rehearsals and
perform the role in the manner required by the teachers
or the director of the play.
• Students must acquire all books, material or equipment
as directed. Such material is available in the School
stores and its cost is deducted from the students’
scholarship.
• Students have to abide by the hostel, mess and library
rules.
• Students violating rules are liable to severe disciplinary
action.
BAN ON RAGGING
Selected candidates and their parents shall give an
undertaking in the prescribed form vouching for the
good conduct of the student. Violation of the undertaking
would result in appropriate action including suspension/
expulsion. This undertaking is required to be given as per
the order of the Hon’ble Supreme Court dated 04.05.2001
in W.P.(C) No. 656/1998, the relevant portion of which is
quoted below:
“Anti-ragging movement should be initiated by the
institutions right from the time of advertisement for
admissions. The prospectus, the form for admission and/
or any other literature issued to aspirants for admission
must clearly mention that ragging is banned in the
institution and any one indulging in ragging is likely to be
punished appropriately which punishment may include
expulsion from the institution, suspension from the
institution or classes for a limited period or fine with a public
apology. The punishment may also take the shape of: (i)
withholding scholarships or other benefits (ii) debarring
from representation in events (iii) withholding results (iv)
suspension or expulsion from hostel or mess and the like. If
there be any legislation governing ragging or any provisions
in the Statute/Ordinances they should be brought to the
notice of the students/parents seeking admissions.
The application form for admission/enrollment shall
have a printed undertaking to be filled up and signed by
the candidate to the effect that he/she is aware of the
institution’s approach towards ragging and the punishments
to which he or she shall be liable if found guilty of ragging.
A similar undertaking shall be obtained from the parent/
guardian of the applicant.
Such of the institutions as are introducing such a system for
the first time shall ensure undertakings being obtained from
the students and their parents/guardians already studying
in the institutions before the commencement of the next
educational year/session.”
STATIONERY, MATERIAL & EQUIPMENT
The School will supply students, free of charge, a mount
board, drawing paper and wood for classroom purposes
only. Any other material will have to be purchased by the
students. Each student will be allotted a locker for his/her
material and personal belongings.
On admission, students will have to buy the required
notebooks and make-up kit, the total cost of which is Rs
3,000 approximately.
20 21

General Information
ASSESSMENT, EVALUATION AND PROMOTION
Students will be evaluated during and at the end of each
semester. In this evaluation, their regular work, projects
and participation in productions will be considered,
along with assessment of their performance during
the semester and in the end-semester examination. All
evaluations will be taken into account from one semester
to the next, and so on, for the final award of the diploma.
The marks obtained by students at the end of each year
will be calculated by adding 50% of the average of total
marks obtained by them in theory and practical subjects
in monthly or periodic tests, to 50% of the total marks
obtained by them in the end-semester examination. This
will continue every year. An average of the marks will be
calculated for the third and final year, to qualify for the
diploma.
All assessments and evaluations will be mentioned in the
marking system on the mark sheet (100 marks for each
subject).
Students will be promoted to the next year at the end of
the second and fourth semesters, that is, at the end of the
first and second years. Passing marks will accrue at the end
of the sixth semester, in the third year. The final results will
carry the candidate’s Cumulative Marking Point Average
(aggregate marks).
In order to pass, students will have to obtain 40% marks in
individual subjects and 50% in the aggregate. If a student
fails to get 40% marks in at least two subjects, he/she will
be allowed to appear for the supplementary examination,
provided the work in those subjects is not of a collective
nature and that he/she has acquired a minimum of
50% marks in the aggregate. Therefore, if a student fails
in participation in a production or any other subject
requiring collective work, or if a student gets less than
50% marks in the aggregate, he/she will not be entitled to
appear for the supplementary examination. In such a case,
the concerned student will have to leave the School.
The supplementary examination will be held soon after
the student fails in that subject. If such an examination is
held in the first, third and fifth semesters, then the marks
obtained in the supplementary examination will be carried
over to the year-end examination for calculating the total
marks.
The Academic Council of the School is the competent
authority to change rules as and when deemed fit, after
reviewing the system and stating reasons for change.
Students will have to abide by any decision(s) made by the
Academic Council.
The National School of Drama provides a three-year
course of integrated training, leading to a post-graduate
Diploma in Dramatics. Since the training involves intensive
grounding and personal attention to each student, the
annual intake is restricted to 26 students only. This means
that a vast majority of theatre workers who are keen on
learning the dramatic arts are deprived of the training
provided by the School. In order to reach out to these
workers and create theatre awareness in India, in 1978
the School started a scheme of short-term teaching and
training to be imparted in the local languages. Over the
Formerly called the Theatre-in-Education Company, the
Sanskaar Rang Toli was established in October 1989. It
aims to educate children (8–17 years) through the medium
of theatre. To achieve this objective, the Toli carries out the
following activities:
• Development of creative curriculum and performance
of participatory plays in schools, specially designed for
children of different age groups.
• Organising training workshops for teachers round the
year, to create meaningful theatre with children.
The Repertory Company of the National School of Drama
is the performing wing of the School. The artistes of the
Repertory Company are mostly graduates of the School.
The main function of the Repertory Company is to
Extension Programme
last thrity years and more, the School has conducted such
training workshops in almost all the regions of the country.
In addition, it has also organised and conducted a large
number of intensive, production-oriented and subjectoriented
workshops. To further strengthen the Extension
Programme, it was decided to set up Regional Resource
Centres in four to six zones of the country. The first of these
centres was set up in Bengaluru in 1994. It covers the South
Indian states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and
Kerala, as well as Puducherry. Recently, the School has set
up the Sikkim Theatre Training Centre at Gangtok, Sikkim.
Sanskaar Rang Toli
• Development of skills for classroom situations aimed
at making the teaching/learning process effective and
enjoyable.
• Imparting of training to children in theatre and
allied arts through participation in intensive summer
workshops (May–June) and the Saturday/Sunday Club
(August–December). Through these workshops and
the Saturday/Sunday Club, the Toli aims at integrated
personality development of children.
Repertory Company
produce plays of high artistic merit, and to perform them
regularly for theatre lovers in Delhi and across the country.
Founded in 1964, it has performed about 150 plays by 90
playwrights, and has worked with more than 65 directors.
22 23

Faculty
FORMER CHAIRPERSONS
* Dr P.V. Rajamannar (1959–61)
* Maharaja Shri Chamaraja Wadiyar Bahadur (1961–65)
* Smt. Indira Gandhi (1965–72)
* Dr K.P.S. Menon (1972–77)
Smt. Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya (1977–78)
Shri L.M. Singhvi (1978–82)
Ms Shanta Gandhi (1982–86)
Dr Suresh Awasthi (1986–88)
Smt. Vijaya F. Mehta (1988–92)
Dr P.C. Joshi (1992–96)
Dr Chandrasekhar Kambar (1996–2001)
Shri Anupam Kher (2001–04)
FORMER DIRECTORS
Shri Satu Sen (1959–61)
Shri E. Alkazi (1962–77)
Shri B.V. Karanth (1977–82)
Prof. B.M. Shah (1982–84)
Prof. Mohan Maharishi (1984–86)
Shri Ratan Thiyam (1987–88)
Prof. Kirti Jain (1988–95)
Prof. Ram Gopal Bajaj (1995–2001)
Prof. Devendra Raj Ankur (2001–07)
CURRENT OFFICE HOLDERS
Chairperson: Mrs Amal Allana (since June 2005)
Director: Dr Anuradha Kapur (since July 2007)
* When NSD was under the administrative control of the Sangeet Natak Akademi, the Chairperson of the Akademi used to
be the Chairperson of the National School of Drama as well.
ANURADHA KAPUR
Director, National School of Drama
and Professor, Acting & Direction
Prof. Anuradha Kapur has a Ph.D. in theatre from the University of Leeds. She has written
widely on theatre and has authored the book Actors, Pilgrims, Kings and Gods: The
Ramlila at Ramnagar, published by Seagull Books, Kolkata. Among the plays she has
directed are Umrao, The Job, Sundari: An Actor Prepares, The Wild Duck, Antigone, Sweet
Bird of Youth and Sahib Bibi aur Gulam. She has taught and directed extensively, and her
plays have been staged at national and international theatre festivals. She is a foundermember
of Vivadi, a working group of painters, musicians, writers and theatre people,
formed in 1989. A recipient of numerous awards and felicitations, Prof. Kapur was
honoured with the Central Sangeet Natak Akademi’s Award for Direction in 2004.
Faculty
24 25

Faculty Faculty
acting
TRIPURARI SHARMA
Professor, Acting
Prof. Tripurari Sharma is a graduate in English from
Delhi University and a diploma holder in direction
from the National School of Drama. She has written
and directed many plays, and has been associated with
several theatre groups throughout the country and
abroad. A playwright of repute, she has written plays
like Bahu and Kath ki Gaadi, and translated Indian and
Western plays like Andha Yug and Othello; and has been
associated with films like Mirch Masala and Hazaar
Chaurasi ki Maa. She was the Indian representative at
the First International Women Playwrights’ Conference
held in USA in 1986. Prof. Sharma received the Sanskriti
Puraskar in 1986; was honoured by the Delhi Natya
Sangh in 1990; received the Safdar Hashmi Award from
U.P. Sangeet Natak Akademi; and was among the ninetynine
women from India nominated for the 'Thousand
Women for Nobel Peace Prize' by an international
initiative. She has worked with various folk forms like
nautanki, khayal and pandavani. Her play Kath ki Gaadi
has been translated into French, and her other plays
have been translated into several Indian languages as
well as English.
HEMA SINGH
Associate Professor, Acting
Hema Singh has a B.A. (Hons) in Political Science from
Delhi University, and graduated from the National School
of Drama (integrated course) in 1982. A well-known
actor in Indian theatre, she has essayed fifty major roles
under reputed Indian and international directors. She was
associated with the NSD Repertory Company for ten years.
She is known for her innovative work in Parsi theatre and
poetry presentation. She has conducted workshops in
India and abroad, written articles and translated books on
theatre, and developed scripts for the NCERT, television
and radio. She has been Associate Professor (Acting)
at NSD since 2003. Ms. Singh received the prestigious
Manohar Singh Smriti Award for her contribution to
theatre in 2008.
ABDUL LATIF KHATANA
Associate Professor, Acting
and Chief, Sanskaar Rang Toli
Abdul Latif Khatana graduated from NSD in 1986 with
specialisation in acting. In addition to devising, writing
and directing several plays that have been nationally and
internationally performed, he has conducted numerous
workshops on acting. He is the founder of Adabi Sangat
(Kashmir) and of the theatre group, Kirdar. He was also
a founder–actor–teacher of NSD’s Theatre-in-Education
Company, of which he later became Chief. He is credited
with conceptualising and organising the Company’s first
national theatre festival for children called ‘Jashnebachpan’,
followed by another national festival, ‘Bal Sangam’, of folk
and traditional performing arts by children. Mr Khatana
has worked extensively with schools, institutions and
NGOs to cultivate the need of theatre/drama for children
at multiple levels. He has contributed to devising the
theatre/drama syllabus for NCERT for classes 1 to 12.
DINESH KHANNA
Associate Professor, Acting
A graduate from Lucknow University with a diploma
in acting from Bhartendu Natya Academy and a postgraduate
diploma in acting from the National School
of Drama in 1986, Dinesh Khanna has been involved in
acting, direction and teaching for the last twenty years.
Deeply interested in literature and translation, he has
written several articles on theatre. His published works
include Kucch Aansu aur Kuchh Phool and Abhinay Chintan.
RATNA PANIKKAR
Associate Professor, Music
With a B.A. (Hons) and Master’s degree from Delhi
University in Carnatic music, Ratna Panikkar went on to
complete her doctorate in Indian music from Madras
University on ‘A Comparative Study of Hindustani and
Karnatak Raga System’. In 1991 she joined the National
School of Drama as a lecturer (in music), and has since
conducted several theatre music workshops at national
and international levels. A singer of classical Carnatic
music, she has scored music for a number of plays, and
has also acted in productions of the Nirakar group. Ms.
Panikkar was Dean (Academics) at NSD in 2002–03.
SURESH SHETTY
Associate Professor, Acting–Movement
and Dean, Academics
With a diploma in acting from the National School of
Drama in 1982, Suresh Shetty went on to join the NSD
Repertory Company as an actor. He has performed major
roles in the Repertory as well as with different theatre
groups. He has done extensive experimental work
with the human body, puppets and other elements of
visual theatre, and has developed a detailed method
of expression through body language. Mr Shetty has
also visited France on an assignment to study modern
techniques of movement and mime.
26 27

Faculty Faculty
ABHILASH PILLAI
Assistant Professor, Acting
Abhilash Pillai has a diploma in theatre production and
stage management from RADA, London; a postgraduate
diploma in design and direction from NSD; and a graduate
degree in theatre arts from Calicut University, Kerala. He
has directed plays in various Indian languages and English;
has contributed articles on theatre in leading publications
in India and the U.K; and has attended seminars and
conducted workshops. His works draw on a wide array of
materials but are presented in a contemporary aesthetic
style. He has been involved in several collaborations,
international and national, and recently initiated the first
ever collaboration between NSD and the Grand Circus,
Kerala, culminating in a production he directed, Clowns &
Clouds. Mr Pillai was honoured with the Sanskriti Award
2002–03 for his achievements in the field of theatre.
dramatic literature
KIRTI JAIN
Professor, Modern Indian Drama
Prof. Kirti Jain has a Master’s in English literature and a
diploma in dramatics with specialisation in direction from
NSD. She has acted in and directed plays; conducted
theatre workshops in India and abroad; and has written
articles in Hindi and English for books and journals on
theatre. She has travelled to many countries to participate
in seminars and conferences, and has produced plays and
documentaries at Delhi Doordarshan. She was Director of
NSD from 1988 to 1995, during which time she started the
Theatre-in-Education Company, the documentation and
publication programme, and the Regional Research Centre
of the School. She is also a Trustee of Natrang Pratishthan,
a theatre resource centre. In 2010 Prof. Jain was awarded
the B.V. Karanth Smriti Puraskar for her contribution to the
field of theatre.
K.S. RAJENDRAN
Professor, Classical Indian Drama
Prof. K.S. Rajendran is a well-known director of plays in
various Indian languages. An alumnus of the National School
of Drama, he has worked extensively with the Chennai-based
theatre repertory, Koothu-p-Pattarai. In 2007 he founded the
New Delhi Theatre Workshop, which has presented many
dance-theatre productions. His directorial work ranges from
adaptations of Shakespeare, Brecht, Ionesco and Genet, to
contemporary playwrights and authors, besides Sanskrit
classics by Kalidasa and Shudraka. He has conducted
workshops and lectured on theatre in India and abroad.
He was the Course Director of the UNESCO ITI workshop
on Ancient Indian Drama held in Bucharest in 2006. In
2008, he conducted the National Workshop on Sanskrit
Play Production for the Sanskrit University at Sringeri. His
recent production of Shakespeare’s Richard III was featured
in the Second International Theatre Festival held in Beijing
in September 2011. While working on his research project,
‘Theatre of the Dravidian Movement’, he was a Fellow at the
Indian Council of Historical Research (1985–87).
SANTANU BOSE
Assistant Professor, World Drama
Santanu Bose studied comparative literature at Jadavpur
University, Kolkata, before graduating from the National
School of Drama. He started his theatre career with an
apprenticeship under Tripti Mitra. He takes particular
interest in making performances in multicultural
situations. He has taught and created visual construction
for films, and applied digital technology to gallery-based
artworks.
theatre techniques & design
ROBIN DAS
Professor, Scenic Design
A graduate from Utkal University and an NSD alumnus, Prof.
Robin Das joined the School’s teaching faculty in 1977–78.
As a designer, he has worked with important directors of
the country and has produced exciting designs for about
fifty plays of diverse genres. As a director, he has brought
forward many important aspects of contemporary Indian
theatre. He has also worked as an art director and actor
for films and the media. A self-taught painter/caricaturist,
he continuously strives to renew teaching methodologies,
apart from aspiring to assimilate the modern and the
classical in dramatic presentations. In the year 2000 Prof.
Das was honoured with the Central Sangeet Natak Akademi
Award for his contribution to the field of theatre design.
ASHOK SAGAR BHAGAT
Professor, Theatre Architecture
Prof. Ashok Sagar Bhagat, an NSD alumnus (1979), is
an acclaimed lights and set designer. A Sangeet Natak
Akademi awardee (2002), he has been involved in the
renovation and revamping of theatre buildings with
modern ideas and technology. His contribution to theatre
technology and functioning includes the creation of a selfsupporting
space frame for hoisting systems, introduction
of the two-bar drop-curtain operation, and India’s first
‘light-soft-patching’ in Abhimanch auditorium (NSD). He
also gave India its first echo-shell auditorium, the Chinmaya
Auditorium, in Delhi. Premchand Rangshala, Patna, of
28 29

Faculty Faculty
the 1950s, stands transformed with his introduction of
a self-supporting hoisting-system and an innovative
loop counter-weights. The recently commissioned Bhaji
Gursharan Auditorium, Banur, is another of his landmarks,
where a 90-ft diameter semicircular Braille curtain works
to perfection. Prof. Bhagat was the technical director to
‘Festivals of India’ held in Japan, Germany, China, Thailand,
Russia, Kyrgystan, Kazakhstan, Korea and Brazil. He has also
worked as an art director for films like Bandit Queen and
Hazaron Khwahishen Aisi.
SURESH BHARDWAJ
Professor, Lighting
An NSD alumnus, Prof. Suresh Bhardwaj joined the
School’s newly founded Extension Department on a
one-year fellowship in 1980. Former technical director
of Rangmandal, Bharat Bhavan, Bhopal and a foundermember
of Sambhav, a theatre group of Delhi, he moved to
television and cinema in 1985. He joined the NSD faculty in
1988, and has been Professor of the Extension Programme.
He has worked as a writer, director and designer for satellite
channels and Doordarshan; conducted numerous theatre
workshops in and outside the country; and designed and
directed plays for several institutions in different languages.
Prof. Bhardwaj has also served on the International Jury
of World Drama under UNESCO. He is a recipient of the
Central Sangeet Natak Akademi Award and the Rosco (UK)
Award from the Chaman Lal Society.
AMARJIT SHARMA
Associate Professor, Stage Technology
A Delhi University graduate, Amarjit Sharma joined NSD’s
carpentry workshop section in 1979 and was appointed
stage technologist in 1994. He is responsible for preparing
set designs, plans and models for staging plays and other
associated events. Among his notable assignments are
the installation and execution of sets for the Bharat Rang
Mahotsav from 1999 onwards, for Jashnebachpan from
1998 onwards, and for the German Festival in India in
2000–01. He has visited Germany and Sri Lanka on official
assignments for set execution and has designed sets for
many television serials. Mr Sharma attended a programme
on advanced theatre technology in Tokyo as part of the
Indo-Japan Cultural Exchange Programme, in 1998.
visiting faculty
The School also invites some of the finest creative
talents from within the country and abroad to serve on
its visiting faculty, periodically. Creative people from
different linguistic and cultural backgrounds who are
actively involved in the practice of theatre, and who face
the challenges that this medium poses in the changing
cultural context, have been visiting the School to
supplement the teaching inputs of the resident faculty.
repertory company
SURESH SHARMA
Chief of Repertory Company
With diplomas and specialisations in acting from both
the Bhartendu Natya Academy and NSD, Suresh Sharma
began work as a freelance theatre worker with the Delhibased
group, Sambhav. In 1985–86 he worked under
a fellowship on the Nautanki of Uttar Pradesh under
the guidance of Gulab Bai and Mudraraksha. He later
established the only non-governmental repertory in the
district of Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, which he went on
to expand into a fully residential theatre academy. He
has been the artistic director of the Shri Ram Centre for
Performing Arts in Delhi; has translated the first version
of the Stanislavsky system of acting into Hindi; and has
visited several foreign countries to study the functioning
of repertory companies. For the play Mohana, he was
awarded by the Sahitya Kala Parishad and the Sangeet
Natak Akademi.
children’s theatre
PANKAJ SAXENA
Coordinator, Children’s Theatre
An NSD graduate, Pankaj Saxena’s areas of interest include
theatre music, playwriting and theatre history. He has
worked on assignments with leading organisations such as
Sangeet Natak Akademi, Sahitya Kala Parishad and Bharat
Bhavan; and has directed and organized many productionoriented
workshops for children. He has also been
coordinator of NSD’s Regional Research Centre, Bengaluru,
and is currently supervising children’s theatre in the NSD
Extension Programme.
production cell
PARAG SARMAH
Production Manager
A graduate of the National School of Drama with
specialisation in acting, Parag Sarmah has worked in the
NSD Repertory Company for nearly twelve years as an
artiste and stage manager. He has acted in more than
forty-five plays. His directorial debut, Parashuram, has been
nationally acclaimed, and was a part of both the Nandikar
National Theatre Festival and the Bharat Rang Mahotsav.
He has directed Hello Out There for the NSD Repertory
Company, and has designed lights for productions like
Raste, Parinati, Bhand Duhayee, Taj Mahal Ka Tender, Bandi
Pramath and Shatrupa, a sound and light production by the
Song & Drama Division. Mr Sarmah has been instrumental
in the successful coordination of the Poorvottar Natya
Samaroh that has been organised by the School in different
parts of the country for the last five years.
30 31

Administrative and Technical Staff
administrative staff
BHANWAR SINGH
Registrar
With a Master’s degree from Agra University and B.Ed. from
Delhi University, Bhanwar Singh joined the National School
of Drama in 1989. Over the years, he has toured different
parts of the country in connection with theatre workshops.
Prior to being appointed the Registrar, Mr Singh has also
occupied the posts of deputy registrar, accounts officer and
assistant registrar in the School.
LIBRARY
ANIL SRIVASTAVA, Librarian
WARDEN
VEENA SAHRAWAT, Lady Warden-cum-Mess Supervisor
ADMINISTRATIVE & ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT
RAMKISHAN, Deputy Registrar
SURESH MANSHARAMANI, Accounts Officer
P.P. SRIVASTAVA, Assistant Registrar (T.I.E.)
O.P. SAGAR, Estate Manager
S.P. SHARMA, Assistant Registrar (Accounts)
SAVITA KALRA, Assistant Registrar (Administration)
GEEVARGHESE K.T., P.S. to Director
DEEPAK KUMAR WADHWA, Business Manager (Repertory Company)
C.D. TIWARI, Store Supervisor
A.K. BARUA, Public Relations Officer
B.S. RAWAT, In-charge (Academics)
NEELAM KAPOOR, In-charge (Store)
DARSHAN SINGH BISHT, In-charge (Bookshop)
technical staff
TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT
B.S. PATIL, Stage Manager
S. THYAGARAJAN, Photographer
S. MANOHARAN, Sound Technician
R. S. GOSSAIN, Sound Technician
GURSHARAN KAUR, Tailor-cum-Wardrobe Supervisor
RAM PRATAP, Workshop Instructor
KIRAN KUMAR, Assistant Light & Sound Technician
MUSIC DEPARTMENT
RAJENDRA PRASANNA, Flute & Shehnai Player
OM PRAKASH, Percussionist Gr. I
HRIDESH KUMAR, Sitarist
P. VETRI BOOPATHY, Percussionist Gr. III
RAJ BHASHA VIBHAG
GEETA JOSHI, Assistant Director (Official Language)
CHETANA VASHISHT, Senior Hindi Translator
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lapkyu }kjk ekuoh; vuqHko vkSj xfrfof/k;ks a dh vfHkO;fDr
• O;fDrvks a o oLrqvks a ds 'kkjhfjd voyksdu o vfHkO;fDr
}kjk vfHku; ¼'kSyhc) vfHku;½
jax laxhr
• ukVd ds vkys[k ls fodflr fofHkUu èofu;ks a vkSj
rky&lajpukvks a ds Kku }kjk Nk=ks a dh lkaxhfrd laosnu'khyrk
es a vfHko`f) djuk
• lkS an;Z'kkL=h; lanHkZ vkSj jaxeap ds fof'k"B mi;ksxks a ds vk/kkj
ij ^VksVy fFk,Vj* dh vo/kkj.kk ds lkFk eap laxhr ds Hkko
IkSnk djuk
vfHku; vkSj vk'kq&vfHku; (baizks sokbZts'ku)
• vfHkusrkvks a dh 'kkjhfjd vkSj Loj&laca/kh izfrHkk dk ifj"dkj
rFkk mudh dYiuk'khyrk vkSj laosnu'khyrk dk mi;ksx dj
mudh izfrHkk dks fu[kkjuk
• ifjos'k vkSj vuqHko ds izfr tkx:drk c

ikB~;Øe ikB~;Øe
fo|ky; es a izf'k{k.k ,d lE;d] O;kid vkSj lko/kkuhiwoZd
fu;ksftr rhu o"khZ; ikB~;Øe ij vk/kkfjr gS ftles a fl)kar
ls ysdj vH;kl rd jaxeap ds lHkh igyqvks a dks 'kkfey
fd;k x;k gS vkSj ftldk ifj.kke ewY;kadu ds fy, O;kid
tulewg ds le{k izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA ikB~;Øe es a jaxdeZ
ls tqM+h mu lHkh egku foHkwfr;ks a dh i)fr;ks a dks 'kkfey
fd;k x;k gS ftUgks aus lelkef;d jaxeap ds lHkh :iks a vkSj
vfHkO;fDr;ks a dks ,d Lo:i iznku fd;k gSA
bl ikB~;Øe es a Hkkjrh; 'kkL=h; o if'peh ukV~; ijaijkvks a]
Hkkjrh; ikjaifjd vkSj yksd jaxeap] Hkkjr vkSj fons'kks a es a
vk/kqfud jaxeap izo`fr;ka] fo'o dh jaxeap izo`fr;ks a ds ifjp;
ds lkFk&lkFk Hkkjrh; jaxeap ijaijkvks a es a O;kid izf'k{k.k
'kkfey gSA
izFke o"kZ
vfHku; ds ewy rRo
jax&rduhd vkSj vfHkdYiuk ds ewy rRoks a dk vè;;u
jaxeap bfrgkl] lkfgR; vkSj lkSUn;Z'kkL=
f}rh; o"kZ
vfHku; ;k jaxeap rduhd vkSj vfHkdYiuk es a ls
,d {ks= es a fo'ks"kKrk
jaxeap bfrgkl] lkfgR; vkSj lkSUn;Z'kkL= dk vè;;u tkjh
r`rh; o"kZ
f}rh; o"kZ es a pquk x;k fo'ks"kKrk laca/kh vè;;u
tkjh
izFke o"kZ nks l=ks a es a foHkkftr gSA izFke l=
(tqykbZ&fnlacj) es a vfHku;] jax rduhd vkSj
vfHkdYiuk ds ewy rRoks a ds vykok jaxeap bfrgkl]
lkfgR; vkSj lkS an;Z'kkL= dk vè;;u fd;k tkrk gSA
nwljs l= es a bUgha fo"k;ks a dk foLr`r vè;;u tkjh
jgrk gSA
f}rh; o"kZ Hkh nks l=ks a es a foHkkftr gS & rhljk o
pkSFkk l=A rhljs l= es a Nk= fo'ks"kKrk gsrq vfHku;
;k jaxeap rduhd vkSj vfHkdYiuk es a ls ,d {ks=
pqurs gS aA jaxeap bfrgkl] lkfgR; vkSj lkS an;Z'kkL=
dk vè;;u tkjh jgrk gSA pkSFks l= es a bUgha fo"k;ks a
dk foLr`r vè;;u tkjh jgrk gSA
rhljs o"kZ ds ikB~;Øe dk mn~ns'; Nk=ks a dks vfHku;
;k jaxeap rduhd vkSj ifjdYiuk es a mPp izf'k{k.k
Ikznku djuk gSA
fo|ky; ds ladk; lnL; vkSj vfrfFk ladk; ftues a
Hkkjr rFkk fons'kh jaxdfeZ;ks a dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk
gS] ,d ekWM~;wy ds vk/kkj ij Nk=ks a dks izfro"kZ
izf'k{k.k iznku djrs gS aA bl izf'k{k.k es a d{kk es a gksus
okys O;k[;ku] xgu dk;Z'kkykvks a dh ,d J` a[kyk]
f QYe + vkSj vU; dykvks a es a ,fizfl,s'ku dkslZ 'kkfey
jgrs gS aA
Hkkjr dh jkt/kkuh fnYyh ds lkaLÑfrd ds anz es a fLFkr
gksus ds dkj.k fo|ky; ds Nk=ks a dks Hkkjrh; rFkk
fons'kh nksuks a izdkj ds cgqfo/k ukVdks a dks ns[kus dk
volj feyrk gSA fnYyh n`'; dykvks a] laxhr vkSj
u`R; dh n`f"V ls Hkh ,d le`) LFkku gS] tks Nk=ks a
dk ifjiz s{; s ,oa tkx:drk rks c

ikB~;Øe ikB~;Øe
IkzFke o"kZ
IkzFke l=
IkzFke l= Lo ds vè;;u vkSj jaxeap es a mlds O;ogkj ij dsfUnzr
gSA
vfHku; dk ifjp;
• Ikzn'kZu dkS'ky ¼ewy rRo½] 'kkjhfjd rS;kjh] ;ksx
vkokt+] laHkk"k.k vkSj laxhr
• Lkakl ysus] xquxqukus] vkokt+ ds mrkj&p

ikB~;Øe ikB~;Øe
f}rh; o"kZ
rhljk l=
;g l= Hkkjrh; vkSj xSj&Hkkjrh; nksuks a 'kkL=h; ijaijkvks a ij ds afnzr jgrk gSA Nk= fo'ks"kKrk ds
nks {ks=ks a % vfHku; ;k jaxeap rduhd vkSj ifjdYiuk es a ls ,d {ks= pqurs gS aA jaxeap bfrgkl]
lkfgR; vkSj lkS an;Z'kkL= & nksuks a fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ks a ds fy, vfuok;Z gS aA
vfHku;
(fo'ks"kKrk)
• Hkkjrh; 'kkL=h; ukVd es a vfHku; % fofHkUu 'kSfy;ks a ds /kkfeZd
ewy rRoks a] foLrkfjr eqnzkvks a] xfr lapkyu] u`R; vkSj iwoZjax
¼izLrqfr ls iwoZ ltho laxhr ctkuk½ dk vè;;u fd;k tkrk gS
• 'kkL=h; ;wukuh ukVd es a vfHku; % i'kq vkSj ekuo eq[kkSVks a]
lewgxku] dgkuh vkSj dkO; okpu ij d{kk,a 'kkfey gks axh
• ikjlh@laLÑr@;wukuh jaxeap ij n`';dk;Z
jax&rduhd vkSj vfHkdYiuk
(fo'ks"kKrk)
• dkyt;h ukV~;ys[kks a dh vfHkdYiuk
• jax ifjdYiuk dk bfrgkl] ;qxhu os'kHkw"kk] izdk'k O;oLFkk]
iksLVj] xzkf QDl + vkSj ekWMy fuekZ.k
jaxeap bfrgkl] lkfgR; vkSj lkS an;Z'kkL=
(nksuks a fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ks a ds fy, leku)
• jaxeap bfrgkl% ekSf[kd feFkdks a] egkdkO;ks a] ukV~;'kkL=]
iksbZfVDl] ;wukuh vkSj laLÑr ewyikBks a dk vè;;u
• lkSUn;Z'kkL=% Hkkjrh; lkSUn;Z'kkL=] LFkkiR; vkSj fp=dyk ds
fl)kUr
IkzLrqfr
(nksuks a fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ks a ds fy, leku)
• izLrqfr vkSj funs Z'ku dh i|fr;ka
• bl l= ls Nk= izLrqfr;ka vke n'kZdks a ds lkeus iznf'kZr dh
tk;s axhA bues a ,d laLÑr ukVd vkSj ,d ikjaifjd 'kSyh ij
vk/kkfjr ukVd 'kkfey gksxk
• ikjEifjd@yksd 'kSyh ds {ks=h; rRoks a dk vè;;u djus ds
fy, foLr`r t+ehuh dk;Z
• bu izLrqfr;ks a ds ekè;e ls vfHkusrk Nk= viuk vfHku; dkS'ky
fu[kkjrs vkSj iznf'kZr djrs gS aA jax rduhd vkSj vfHkdYiuk
fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk= izLrqfr es a eap izca/kd ds vykok izdk'k
O;oLFkk] eap ifjdYiuk] :i lTtk vkSj oL=&lTtk {ks=ks a es a
izf'k{kq ds :i es a dk;Z djrs gS a
f}rh; o"kZ Z
pkSFkk l=
vfHku;@jaxeap rduhd ,oa
vfHkdYiuk
(nksuks a fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ks a ds fy, leku)
• 'ksDlfi;j ds ukV~;kys[k % blds varxZr eqDrkdk'kh
eap ij izn'kZu ds fy,] dkO;&ikB ds fy, vkSj
x|&ikB ds fy, izf'k{k.k 'kkfey gS
• QklZ % blds varxZr fonw"kdh; fnup;kZ] eq[kkSVk dk;Z
vkSj dkWesfM;k&Msy*&vkVs Z ¼dkenh vkSj Lokax es a
vk'kq&vfHku; dh i)fr;ka½ 'kkfey gS a
• 'ksDlfi;j ds ukVdks a ;k fdlh QklZ ij n`';&dk;Z
izLrqr fd;k tk,xkA blls lacaf/kr laHkk"k.k] xfr
lapkyu vkSj laxhr ij dk;Z tkjh jgsxk
jaxeap bfrgkl] lkfgR; vkSj
lkS an;Z'kkL=
(nksuks a fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ks a ds fy, leku)
• Hkkjrh; yksdukVdks a vkSj :ikUrj.kks a ij vfrfjDr
è;ku nsrs gq, Hkkjrh; vkSj xSj&Hkkjrh; jaxeapks a ds
bfrgkl dk vè;;u tkjh
IkzLrqfr
(nksuks a fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ks a ds fy, leku½
• vke n'kZdks a ds fy, gksus okyh izLrqfr ds fy,
'ksDlfi;j ds ukVd ;k fdlh QklZ dk iwokZH;kl vkSj
eapu fd;k tk,xk
42 43

ikB~;Øe ikB~;Øe
r`rh; o"kZ
r`rh; o"kZ ds ikB~;Øe dks bl izdkj fu;kstr fd;k x;k gS
fd Ikz[;kr jaxdfeZ;ks a ds ekxZn'kZu es a lapkfyr dk;Z'kkykvks a
}kjk Nk=ks a dks vfHku; ;k jaxeap rduhd vkSj ifjdYiuk es a
mPp izf'k{k.k fn;k tk ldsA
bu dk;Z'kkykvks a es a vfHku; fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ks a ds fy,
eq[kkSVks a ds lkFk mPp n{krk dk dk;Z rFkk izglu p;kZ,a]
iqrqy&dyk] jaxeap es a daI;wVj dk mi;ksx] ;FkkFkZoknh
vfHku; vkSj@;k lkexzh ds mn~ns'; vkSj Ikz;ksx ij foLr`r
:i ls dk;Z fd;k tkrk gSA
jaxeap rduhd vkSj vfHkdYiuk fo'ks"kKrk okys Nk=ks a ds fy,
izdk'k ifjdYiuk] n`'; ifjdYiuk fo"k; ij mPp Ikzf'k{k.k] iz s{kkx`g
ifjdYiuk vkSj fofHkUu izdkj ds LFkkuks a ds fy, izdk'k O;oLFkk ij
ifj;kstuk,a nh tk,axhA
izf'k{k.k es a f QYe + ,fizfl,'ku dkslZ vkSj jaxeap ,oa ehfM;k ds
laca/kks a ij ,d dk;Z'kkyk Hkh 'kkfey gks ldrh gSA
bl o"kZ fVdV/kkjh n'kZdks a ds fy, Hkkjrh; vkSj xSj&Hkkjrh;
vkys[kks a ij vk/kkfjr IkzLrqfr rS;kj vkSj eafpr dh tkrh gS aA
fo'ks"kKks a dh ns[kjs[k es a Nk= bu izLrqfr;ks a es a dk;Z djrs gS aA
44 45

izos'k laca/kh ekeys izos'k laca/kh ekeys
vkosnu izfØ;k
ukV~;&dykvks a es a rhu o"khZ; iw.kZdkfyd ikB~;Øe ds fy, bl
o"kZ&2012 es a 26 Nk=ks a dk p;u fd;k tk,xkA vH;fFkZ;ks a dks
fu/kkZfjr izi= es a vkosnu djuk gSA izos'k dh izfØ;k fuEuor gS%&
• vkosnu i= vkSj foojf.kdk Mkd ls ea Wxk, tk ldrs gS a rFkk
;g jkukfo dh osclkbV www.nsd.gov.in ij Hkh miyC/k gS aA
• tks vH;FkhZ vkosnu i= vkSj foojf.kdk Mkd ls pkgrs gS a og
Ñi;k vkosnu ds lkFk :- 225@&¼Mkd [kpZ :-75@&'kkfey
dj½ dk fMekaM MªkV funs'kd] jk"Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ubZ
fnYyh ds i{k es a layXu djs aA
• tks vH;FkhZ vkosnu i= vkSj foojf.kdk jkukfo dh osclkbV ls
MkmuyksM dj jgs gS a og vkosnu i= ds lkFk :-150@& dk
fMekaM MªkV funs'kd] jk"Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ubZ fnYyh ds
i{k es a layXu djs aA
• fMekaM MªkV ^dsoy vknkrk ds [kkrs es a ns;* ds :i es a
js[kkafdr gksuk pkfg,A
• vkosnu i= ds lkFk lHkh izek.k i=ks a dh Ikzfr;ka vkSj gky es a
f[akpokbZ xbZ ikliksVZ vkdkj dh pkj QksVks layXu djs aA
• vH;fFkZ;ks a dks lk{kkRdkj ds le; izek.k i=ks a dh ewy izfr;ka
izLrqr djus dh vko';drk iM+ ldrh gSA
• iwjh rjg ls Hkjk x;k vkosnu Ik= lacaf/kr izek.k i=ks a ds lkFk
'kS{kf.kd foHkkx] jk"Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky;] cgkoyiqj gkml]
Hkxokunkl jksM] ubZ fnYyh&110001 dks Hkstk tkuk pkfg,A
izos'k ds fy, U;wure ;ksX;rk
• ekU;rkizkIr fo'ofo|ky; ls fdlh Hkh fo"k; es a LukrdA
• ekr`Hkk"kk es a n{krk] fganh vkSj vaxz st+h Hkk"kk dk O;ogkfjd KkuA
• de&ls&de N% izLrqfr;ks a es a ;k jaxeap ls lacaf/kr fdlh vU;
{ks= es a lfØ; lgHkkfxrkA
vk;q
• 20 ls 30 o"kZ dh vk;q rd ds lHkh iq:"k o fL=;ka bl
ikB~;Øe es a Ikzos'k ys ldrs gS aA
• vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds vH;fFkZ;ks a ds fy, vk;q
lhek es a 5 o"kZ dh NwV nh xbZ gSA
f'k{k.k dk ekè;e
• fo|ky; es a f'k{k.k dk ekè;e fganh o vaxz st+h gS] tks fd lacaf/kr
fo"k; ij fuHkZj djrk gSA ;|fi ukVdks a dk izn'kZu vf/kdka'kr%
fganh es a gh fd;k tkrk gSA
p;u izfØ;k
vH;fFkZ;ks a dk p;u nks pj.kks a es a fd;k tkrk gSA izFke pj.k es a
izkjafHkd p;u fd;k tkrk gS] ftlds varxZr mEehnokjks a dh
Loj&ijh{kk vFkok O;ogkfjd ijh{kk yh tkrh gS vkSj bldk
vk;kstu ubZ fnYyh rFkk pkj vU; ds anzks a&dksydkrk] cS axyq:] eq acbZ
vkSj xqokgkVh es a fd;k tkrk gS
izkjafHkd p;u lfefr }kjk vuq'kaflr vH;fFkZ;ks a dks ubZ fnYyh es a
p;u ds vafre pj.k ls xqtjuk iM+rk gS ftles a 4&5 fnu dh
,d dk;Z'kkyk gksrh gSA vafre p;u IkzfØ;k es a izfrHkkxh dh
lh[kus vkSj lkewfgd l`tu dh eukso`fÙk ij è;ku fn;k tkrk gSA
p;u IkzfØ;k dks vkSj foLr`r vk/kkj nsus ds fy,] ;g lqfuf'pr
fd;k tkrk gS fd tgka rd laHko gks lds vH;FkhZ vf/kd ls
vf/kd jkT;ks a vkSj la?k 'kkflr Ikzn'kks a ls pqus tk,aA
vafre ijh{kk ds fy, cqyk, x, vH;fFkZ;ks a dks f}rh; Js.kh
jsyxkM+h@cl fVdV@jlhn bR;kfn izLrqr djus ij vius
x`guxj ls fnYyh fLFkr lk{kkRdkj ds LFkku rd fudVre ekxZ
ls vkus rFkk okil tkus dk ;k=k HkÙkk ,oa nSfud HkÙkk Ikznku
fd;k tk,xkA mUgs a fo|ky; ds Nk=kokl es a jgus ds fy, LFkku
Hkh fn;k tk,xkA
vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr@
vU; fiNM+k oxZ ls lacaf/kr mEehnokjks a ds
fy, vkj{k.k
26 lhVks a es a ls 5 lhVs a vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr rFkk
5 lhVs a vU; fiNM+k oxZ ds mu mEehnokjks a ds fy, vkjf{kr gS a tks
izn'kZu dykvks a ls tqM+ s ikjaifjd ifjokjks a ls gS aA
fons'kh mEehnokj
bl ikB~;Øe es a fons'kh Nk= Hkh izos'k ys ldrs gS aA gkykafd lhVks a
dh la[;k lhfer gksus ds dkj.k ,d l= es a 1&2 ls vf/kd
fons'kh Nk=ks a dks izos'k nsuk laHko ugha gksrkA ,sls Nk= vkosnu i=
vius ns'k es a fLFkr Hkkjrh; nwrkokl@mPpk;ksx ds ekè;e ls tek
djok,a tks mUgs a Hkkjrh; lkaLÑfrd laca/k ifj"kn~ ¼vkbZlhlhvkj½
dks vxzlkfjr djs axsA dsoy vkbZlhlhvkj }kjk vuq'kaflr vkosnuks a
ij gh fo|ky; }kjk fopkj fd;k tk,xkA
46 47

izos'k laca/kh ekeys izos'k laca/kh ekeys
Hkkjr ljdkj ds v/khu mPp inks a ,oa
lsokvks a es a HkrhZ ds fy, ikB~;Øe dh
ekU;rk
fo|ky; }kjk ukV~;dyk es a fn, tkusokys mDr fMIyksek dks Hkkjr
ljdkj ds rRdkyhu f'k{kk rFkk laLÑfr ea=ky; }kjk ds anzh;
ljdkj ds v/khu mPp inks a ij rFkk lsokvks a es a HkrhZ ds iz;kstukFkZ
ekU;rk iznku dh xbZ gS] tgka ukV~;dyk es a LukrdksÙkj fo'ks"kKrk
vko';d gksrh gSA ;g fMIyksek ukV~;dyk es a LukrdksÙkj mikf/k
ds led{k gS vkSj jk-uk-fo- ds Lukrd egkfo|ky;ks a vkSj
fo'ofo|ky;ks a es a f'k{kdks a ds :i es a fu;qfDr rFkk ih,p-Mhiathdj.k
ds fy, ;ksX; gS aA
pqus gq, vH;fFkZ;ks a ds nkf;Ro
jk-uk-fo- es a izf'k{k.k csgn dM+k gksrk gS vkSj O;olkf;drk vftZr
djus ds fy, dBksj 'kkjhfjd ifjJe dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
Nk=ks a ls ;g vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd jaxdk;Z gsrq vko';drkuqlkj
mudk LokLF; larqfyr jgs rFkk mues a i;kZIr ÅtZfLork gksA vr%
pqus gq, vH;fFkZ;ks a dks ekU;rk IkzkIr fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh }kjk IkznÙk
fpfdRlk izek.k i= IkzLrqr djuk gksrk gSA izR;sd Nk= ds fy,
'kkjhfjd LokLF; vfuok;Z gSA bl laca/k es a] fdlh Hkh le; fdlh
Hkh Nk= ds LokLF; dh fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh }kjk tkap djk, tkus
dk vf/kdkj fo|ky; ds ikl lqjf{kr gSA ;fn fdlh Nk= dks
'kkjhfjd n`f"V ls vLoLFk ik;k tkrk gS rks iwjh lgkuqHkwfr ds
ckotwn fo|ky; ds fy, ml Nk= dks fo|ky; es a vè;;u tkjh
j[kus dh vuqefr nsuk laHko ugha gks ik,xkA
p;fur Nk=ks a dks fdlh Hkh vU; lzksr ls dksbZ Hkh Nk=o`fr izkIr
djus dh vuqefr ugha gksrhA mUgs a fu/kkZfjr izi= ij bl vk'k;
dk opu nsuk gksrk gS fd mUgs a fdlh vU; lzksr ls dksbZ Hkh
Nk=o`fÙk izkIr ugha gqbZ gSA
pqus x, mEehnokjks a ls ;g Hkh vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd os u, l=
ds igys fnu fo|ky; es a mifLFkr gks aA fo|ky; ,sls Nk=ks a dks
Lohdkj ugha djrk] tks 'kq#vkrh fnuks a es a gh fo|ky; es a viuh
mifLFkfr ntZ ugha djk ikrs vFkok tks rhu o"kZ dh iwjh vof/k
rd fo|ky; es a cus ugha jg ldrsA fo|ky; es a u;k l= izfro"kZ
eè; tqykbZ ls izkjaHk gks tkrk gSA
'kqYd ,oa tek jkf'k
pqus x, Nk=ks a dks l= vkjaHk gksus ls igys lHkh ns; 'kqYd
fo|ky; es a tek djkus gks axs] 'kqYd tek u gks ikus dh fLFkfr es a
Nk= dks fo|ky; es a izos'k ugha fn;k tk,xkA
a
a
Ikzos'k 'kqYd % :- 150
f'k{kk 'kqYd % :- 150 izfr ekg
Nk= la?k ¼lnL;rk 'kqYd½ % :- 60 izfr ekg
O;k;ke d{kkvks dh os'kHkw"kk gsrq jkf'k % :- 1500 ¼yxHkx½
:i&lTtk fdV ds fy, vfxze jkf'k % :- 2000
¼lek;ksT;½
tekurh vkSj iqLrdky; jkf'k % :- 9000 ¼[kkrks ds
vafre fuiVku ds ckn
IkzR;iZ.kh;½
ys[ku lkexzh % :- 1650
Nk=kokl o eSl 'kqYd
Nk=kokl fdjk;k % :- 200 izfr ekg
fo|qr ,oa ty 'kqYd % :- 100 izfr ekg
¼iz;ksx ds fglkc ls
lek;ksT;½
fpfdRlk 'kqYd % :- 100 izfr ekg
eSl 'kqYd ¼nksigj ,oa jkr dk Hkkstu½ % :- 1350 izfr ekg
¼gj efgus fHkUu gksus
dh laHkkouk½
Nk=ks a dks lykg nh tkrh gS fd os izos'k ds le; fdlh Hkh rjg
dh dher o`f)@mijksDr enks a es a c

lkekU; lwpuk lkekU; lwpuk
mifLFkfr laca/kh fu;e
fo|ky; dh ijh{kkvks a es a 'kkfey gksus ds fy, izFke o"kZ ds Nk=ks a
dh d{kkvks a] iwokZH;kl vkSj izLrqfr ds nkSjku ¼izkr% dkyhu d{kkvks a
lfgr½ de&ls&de 90 izfr'kr mifLFkfr gksuk vko';d gSA
f}rh; ,oa r`rh; o"kZ ds izR;sd lewg ds fy, Nk=ks a dh vfHku;]
izLrqfr] lkfgR; vkSj eap f'kYi dh d{kkvks a es a dqy feykdj 75
Ikzfr'kr vkSj iwokZH;kl ,oa izkr% dkyhu d{kkvks a es a 90 izfr'kr
mifLFkfr vko';d gSA
mifLFkfr ds lkFk&lkFk lHkh d{kkvks a ds fy, le;c+)rk
vfuok;Z gSA rhu fnuks a rd yxkrkj d{kk es a nsj ls vkus vFkok
rhu d{kkvks a es a vuqifLFkfr dks ,d iwjs fnu dh vuqifLFkfr ds
cjkcj ekuk tk,xkA rFkkfi] vioknLo:i] leqfpr dkj.k izLrqr
fd, tkus ij funs'kd vkSj ladk; ds foosd ij mi;q ZDr U;wure
mifLFkfr es a NwV nh tk ldrh gSA
Nk=ks a dh mifLFkfr ds mi;q ZDr izfr'kr dh x.kuk l= ds
vk/kkj ij dh tkrh gSA mifLFkfr iw.kZ u gksus ij Nk=ks a dks
ijh{kk es a cSBus dh vuqefr ugha nh tk,xhA ,sls Nk= fo|ky; es a
viuh i

lkekU; lwpuk
ys[ku lkexzh ,oa vU; midj.k
Nk=ks a dks dsoy d{kk dk;ks a Z gsrq fo|ky; ls Mªkbax isij] ekmaV
cksMZ vkSj ydM+h fu%'kqYd iznku dh tk,xhA 'ks"k lkexzh Nk=ks a
dks Lo;a [kjhnuh gksxhA viuk lkeku o futh pht+ a s j[kus ds
fy, gj Nk= dks ,d ykWdj fn;k tk,xkA izos'k ysus ij Nk=ks a
dks vko';d ikB~;&iqLrds a o :i&lTtk lkexzh Hkh [kjhnuh
gksxh ftudh dqy dher yxHkx 3000@&:- gksxhA
ijh{kk] ewY;kadu rFkk d{kksUufr
izR;sd l= ds nkSjku vkSj var es a Nk=ks a ds dk;Z dk ewY;kadu
fd;k tk,xk] ftlds varxZr fu;fer dk;Z] ifj;kstukvks a vkSj
izLrqfr;ks a es a Nk=ks a dh Hkkxhnkjh ds lkFk&lkFk iwjs l= es a rFkk
ijh{kk es a muds }kjk fd, x, izn'kZu ij Hkh fopkj fd;k
tk,xkA fMIyksek iznku djus ds fy, ,d l= ls vxys l=
rd ds vkSj mlds vkxs ds l=ks a ds ewY;kaduks a dks è;ku es a j[kk
tk,xkA dqy izkIr vadks a ds fy, ekfld vFkok vkof/kd ijh{kkvks a
es a Nk=ks a }kjk lS)kafrd vkSj O;kogkfjd fo"k;ks a es a izkIr dqy vadks a
ds vkSlr ds 50 izfr'kr vad l=akr ijh{kkvks a es a muds }kjk izkIr
dqy vadks a ds 50 izfr'kr es a tksM+ s tk,axsA ,slk izR;sd o"kZ es a fd;k
tk,xkA fMIyksek dh ;ksX;rk izkIr djus ds fy, r`rh; o vafre
o"kZ es a izR;sd o"kZ es a izkIr vadks a dk vkSlr fudkyk tk,xkA
lHkh ijh{kkvks a vkSj ewY;kaduks a dks ¼izR;sd fo"k; es a 100 vad½ vad
iz.kkyh ds rgr vad i= es a n'kkZ;k tk,xkA
Nk=ks a dh d{kksUufr nwljs vkSj pkSFks l= ds var es a ;kfu fd igys
vkSj nwljs o"kZ ds var es a gksxhA rhljs o"kZ ds NBs l= ds var es a
Nk= mÙkh.kZ gks axsA vafre ifj.kke es a Nk= }kjk izkIr lap;h vad
fcanq&vkSlr ¼dqy vad½ 'kkfey gka sxsA s
ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ djus ds fy, Nk=ks a dks izR;sd fo"k; es a 40 izfr'kr
vkSj dqy 50 izfr'kr vad izkIr djus gks axsA ;fn dksbZ Nk= fdUgha
nks fo"k;ks a es a 40 izfr'kr vad ugha yk ikrk@ikrh] rc mls bl
'krZ ij vuqiwjd ijh{kk es a cSBus dh vuqefr nh tk,xh ;fn
mlds mu fo"k;ks a dk dk;Z lkewfgd izÑfr dk ugha gS vkSj mlus
dqy ;ksx es a 50 izfr'kr vad izkIr dj fy, gS aA blfy, ;fn
dksbZ Nk= izLrqfr ;k fdlh ,sls fo"k; tks lkewfgd izÑfr dk gS]
es a lgHkkxh ugha gks ikrk ;k mlus dqy ;ksx es a 50 izfr'kr ls
de vad izkIr fd, gS a rks ,slh fLFkfr es a vuqiwjd ijh{kk dk
izko/kku ugha gksxk vkSj Nk= dks fo|ky; NksM+uk iM+ sxkA
Nk= ds fdlh Hkh fo"k; es a vuqÙkh.kZ gksus ij 'kh?kz gh vuqiwjd
ijh{kk yh tk,xhA ;fn bl rjg dh ijh{kk igys] rhljs vkSj
ikapos a l= es a yh tkrh gS rks bl ijh{kk ds vad okf"kZd ijh{kk
dh vad x.kuk es a tksM+ s tk,axsA
fo|ky; dh 'kS{kf.kd ifj"kn~ bl iz.kkyh dh fof/kor leh{kk
djus ds ckn ifjorZu dk dkj.k crkrs gq, bu fu;eks a es a
vko';d ifjorZu djus gsrq iw.kZ :i ls l{ke gSA bl lanHkZ es a
Nk= 'kS{kf.kd ifj"kn~ dk fu.kZ; ekuus ds fy, ckè; gks axsA
laLdkj jax Vksyh] tks fd igys fFk,Vj bu ,twds'ku daiuh ds
uke ls tkuh tkrh Fkh] dh LFkkiuk vDVwcj 1989 es a dh xbZ Fkh]
ftldk mís'; cPpks a (8 &17 o"kZ) dks jaxeap ds ek/;e ls f'k{kk
iznku djuk gSA vius bl mís'; dh iwfrZ ds fy, Vksyh fuEu
dk;Z djrh gS%&
• fo'ks"k :i ls fofHkUu vk;q oxZ ds cPpks a ds fy, ifjdfYir
l`tu'khy ikB~;p;kZ vkSj lgHkkfxrk okys ukVdks a dh vyx&
vyx fo|ky;ks a es a izLrqfrA
• f'k{kdks a ds fy, o"kZ Hkj izf'k{k.k dk;Z'kkykvks a dk vk;kstu
djukA
jk"Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ukV~;&dyk es a rhu o"khZ; ,dhÑr
izf'k{k.k iznku djrk gS] rnqijkar LukrdksÙkj fMIyksek iznku fd;k
tkrk gSA D;ks afd bl izf'k{k.k es a izR;sd Nk= dks ukV~;&dyk ds
cqfu;knh rRoks a dh f'k{kk nh tkrh gS vkSj ml ij O;fDrxr :i
ls è;ku fn;k tkrk gS] vr% vafre izos'k 26 Nk=ks a rd lhfer
j[kk x;k gSA ftlds pyrs fu'p; gh ukV~;dyk lh[kus ds
bPNqd vf/kdka'k jaxdehZ fo|ky; es a iznr izf'k{k.k ls ykHkkfUor
ugha gks ikrsA
bu jaxdfeZ;ks a rd igq ap cukus rFkk laiw.kZ Hkkjr es a jaxeap ds izfr
tkx:drk iSnk djus dh n`f"V ls jk"Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; us
1978 es a vYidkfyd vè;kiu vkSj LFkkuh; Hkk"kkvks a es a ukV~;
jk-uk-fo- jaxeaMy] fo|ky; dk ,d izLrqfr Lda/k gSA blds varxZr
dykdkjks a dk ,d ny ftles a vf/kdka'kr% fo|ky; ds gh Lukrd
gS a] dk;Z djrk gSA jaxeaMy dk eq[; dk;Z fnYyh vkSj ns'k ds
vU; Hkkxks a es a jaxeap iz sfe;ks a ds fy, mPp&dykRed izfreku okys
ukVdks a dk fuekZ.k vkSj mudk fu;fer izn'kZu djuk gSA bldh
laLdkj jax Vksyh
• d{kk@f'k{k.k izfØ;k dks izHkkoh o lq[kn cukus ds mn~ns'; ls
d{kk fLFkfr;ks a ds fy, fo'ks"k dkS'ky dk fodklA
• cPpks a ds fy, xzh"edkyhu xgu jaxeap dk;Z'kkyk ¼ebZ&twu½
,oa 'kfuokj@jfookj Dyc ¼vxLr&fnlacj½ dk lnL; cukdj
mUgs a jaxeap ds ekè;e ls izf'k{k.k iznku djukA bu
dk;Z'kkykvks a o 'kfuokj@jfookj Dyc }kjk jaxeap rFkk lac)
dykvks a ds ek/;e ls Vksyh dk mn~n'; cPpks a ds lexz O;fDrRo
dk fodkl djuk gSA
foLrkj dk;ZØe
izf'k{k.k dh ;kstuk vkjaHk dhA blds rgr fiNys 30 ls Hkh
T;knk o"kkZ a s es a fo|ky; us bl rjg ds izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe ns'k ds
yxHkx gj {ks= es a vk;ksftr fd, gS aA blds vfrfjDr vusd
xgu izLrqfrijd rFkk fo"k;ksUeq[k dk;Z'kkyk,a Hkh lapkfyr dh gS aA
fo|ky; }kjk foLrkj dk;ZØe dks vkSj vf/kd lqn`

ladk;
fo|ky; ds HkwriwoZ vè;{k
*MkW- ih-oh- jkteUukj ¼1959&61½
*egkjktk Jh pkejkt okfM;kj cgknqj ¼1961&65½
*Jherh bafnjk xka/kh ¼1967&72½
*MkW- ds-ih-,l- esuu ¼1972&77½
Jherh deyk nsoh pV~Vksikè;k; ¼1977&78½
Jh ,y-,e- fla?koh ¼1978&82½
lqJh 'kkark xka/kh ¼1982&86½
MkW- lqjs'k voLFkh ¼1986&88½
Jherh fot;k ,Q- esgrk ¼1988&92½
MkW- ih-lh- tks'kh ¼1992&96½
MkW- panz'ks[kj dEckj ¼1996&2001½
Jh vuqie [ksj ¼2001&2004½
fo|ky; ds HkwriwoZ funs'kd
Jh lkrw lsu ¼1959&61½
Jh bZ- vYdkt+h ¼1962&77½
Jh c-o- dkjar ¼1977&82½
izks- ch-,e- 'kkg ¼1982&84½
izks- eksgu egf"kZ ¼1984&86½
Jh jru fFk;e ¼1987&88½
Ikzks- ¼lqJh½ dhfrZ tSu ¼1988&95½
Ikzks- jkexksiky ctkt ¼1995&2001½
Ikzks- nsosUnz jkt vadqj ¼2001&2007½
orZeku inkf/kdkjh
vè;{k % Jherh veky vYykuk ¼twu 2005 ls½
funs'kd % MkW- vuqjk/kk diwj ¼tqykbZ 2007 ls½
* tc jk"Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; laxhr ukVd vdknseh ds iz'kklfud fu;a=.k es a Fkk rc vdknseh ds vè;{k] jk"Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ds Hkh
la;qDr :i ls vè;{k FksA
vuqjk/kk diwj
funs'kd] jk"Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky;
o izksQslj] vfHku; ,oa funs Z'ku
vuqjk/kk diwj us yhM~l fo'ofo|ky; ls ih-,p-Mh- dh mikf/k izkIr dhA mUgks aus
Hkkjrh; jaxeap ij foLr`r :i ls fy[kk gSA mudh iqLrd % ,DVlZ fiyfxzEl]
fdaXl ,aM xkWM~l] n jkeyhyk ,V jkeuxj] lhxy cqDl dydÙkk }kjk izdkf'kr
dh xbZ gSA muds }kjk funsZf'kr ukVdks a es a% mejko] n tkWc] lqUnjh % ,u ,DVj
fizis;lZ] n okbYM Md vkSj ,UVhxuh gSaA mUgks aus O;kid :Ik ls vè;kiu vkSj
funsZ'ku dk;Z fd;k gSA muds }kjk funsZf'kr ukVd Hkkjr vkSj fons'k ds dbZ
izfrf"Br jaxeap lekjksgks a es a eafpr gq, gSaA os 1989 es a LFkkfir] fp=dkjks a] laxhrKks a]
ys[kdks a vkSj jaxdfeZ;ks a ds ny fooknh dh laLFkkid lnL; Hkh gSaA vusd iqjLdkj o
lEeku izkIr MkW- diwj dks 2004 es a funsZ'ku ds fy, laxhr ukVd vdknseh iqjLdkj
ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA
vfHku;
f=iqjkfj 'kekZ
izksQslj] vfHku;
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ls vaxzst+h es a Lukrd vkSj jk-uk-fo- ls
funsZ'ku es a fo'ks"kKrk ds lkFk fMIyksek izkIr f=iqjkfj 'kekZ dbZ
ukVdks a dk ys[ku&funsZ'ku djus ds vykok ns'k o fons'k dh
vusd jax&eaMfy;ks a ls lac) jgh gSaA ,d iz[;kr ukVddkj ds
:i es a tgkWa mUgks aus cgw rFkk dkB dh xkM+h tSls ukVd fy[ks
gSa] vusd Hkkjrh; vkSj ik'pkR; ukVdks a tSls fd va/kk;qx o
vkWFksyks dk vuqokn fd;k gS ogha dbZ f QYeks + a tSls fepZ elkyk
o gt+kj pkSjklh dh ekWa ds fy, ys[ku dk;Z Hkh fd;k gSA og
ukSVadh] [;ky] iaMokuh tSlh yksd&'kSfy;ks a es a dj pqdha gSaA
muds ukVdks a dk ns'k dh fofHkUu Hkk"kkvka s] vaxzst+h rFkk dkB dh
xkM+h ukVd dk ÝSap es a vuqokn gqvk gSA mUgks aus 1986 es a
vesfjdk es a vk;ksftr igys varjkZ"Vªh; efgyk ukVddkj
lEesyu es a Hkkjr dk izfrfuf/kRo fd;kA mUgs a jaxeap es a fof'k"B
dk;Z gsrq 1986 es a laLÑfr iqjLdkj] 1990 es a fnYyh ukV~; la?k
lEeku vkSj m-iz- laxhr ukVd vdknseh ds l Qnj + gk'eh
iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA izks- 'kekZ Hkkjr dh mu
99 fof'k"B efgykvks a es a 'kkfey gSa ftUgs a ,d varjkZ"Vªh; igy
}kjk ^ukscy 'kkafr iqjLdkj ds fy, gt+kj efgyk,a* ds fy,
ukfer fd;k x;k gSA
gsek flag
,lksfl,V izksQslj] vfHku;
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ls jktuhfr 'kkL= es a ch-,- ¼vkWulZ½ vkSj
jk"Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ls 1982 es a Lukrd] gsek flag Hkkjrh;
jaxeap dh tkuh&ekuh vfHkus=h gSaA mUgks aus vusd izfrf"Br
Hkkjrh; vkSj varjk"Vªh; funsZ'kdks a ds funsZ'ku es a 50 ls Hkh
vf/kd eq[; Hkwfedk,a vfHkuhr dh gSaA mUgks aus jk-uk-fo- jaxeaMy
ds lkFk 10 o"kksZa rd dk;Z fd;k vkSj ikjlh jaxeap rFkk dkO;
izLrqfrdj.k es a vius uohu fopkjks a ds fy, tkuh tkrh gSaA
Hkkjr vkSj fons'kks a es a vusd dk;Z'kkykvks a dk lapkyu dj pqdha
gsek flag jaxeap ij ys[k] iqLrdks a ds vuqokn ds vykok
,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] Vsyhohtu vkSj jsfM;ks ds fy, Hkh ys[ku dj
pqdha gSaA og jk"Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; es a o"kZ 2003 ls ,lksfl,V
izksQslj gSaA jaxeap es a fo'ks"k ;ksxnku ds fy, mUgs s a 2008 es a
izfrf"Br euksgj flag Le`fr iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA
ladk;
54 55

ladk; ladk;
vCnqy yrhQ+ [k+Vkuk
,lksfl,V izksQslj] vfHku;
o laLdkj jax Vksyh izeq[k
1986 es a jk"Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ls vfHku; fo'ks"kKrk ds lkFk
Lukrd mikf/k IkzkIr vCnqy yrhQ+ [k+Vkuk ns'k&fons'k es a izLrqr
dbZ ukVdks a dh ladYiuk] ys[ku o funsZ'ku djus ds vykok
vfHku; ij vusd dk;Z'kkykvks a dk lapkyu dj pqds gSaA og
d'ehj fLFkr vnch laxr rFkk ukV~; laLFkk fdjnkj ds
LkaLFkkid gSaA og laLdkj jax Vksyh ds laLFkkid vfHkusrk&f'k{kd
jgs gSa vkSj orZeku es a mlds izeq[k ds :i es a dk;Zjr gSaA mUgs a
Vksyh ds igys jk"Vªh; jaxeap mRlo t'us&cpiu o mlds ckn
gq, cky yksd dykdkjks a ds mRlo cky laxe dh ladYiuk vkSj
vk;kstu dk Js; tkrk gSA Jh [k+Vkuk us Ldwyks a] laLFkkuks a vkSj
xSj ljdkjh laxBuks a ds lkFk cM+ s iSekus es a dk;Z fd;k gS vkSj
cPpks a ds fy, jaxeap@ukVd dh vko';drk dks dbZ Lrjks a ij
js[kkafdr fd;k gSA mUgks aus ,ulhbZvkjVh ds fy, 1&12 oha d{kk
ds cPpks a gsrq jaxeap@ukVd laca/kh ikB~;Øe rS;kj djus es a
fo'ks"k ;ksxnku fn;k gSA
fnus'k [kUuk
,lksfl,V izksQslj] vfHku;
y[kuÅ fo'ofo|ky; ls Lukrd o Hkkjrs anq ukV~; vdknseh
y[kuÅ ls vfHku; es a fMIyksek vkSj jk"Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ls
1986 es a vfHku; es a LukrdksÙkj fMIyksek izkIr fnus'k [kUuk fiNys
chl o"kksZa ls vfHku;] funsZ'ku] f'k{k.k ds {ks= es a dk;Zjr gSaA
lkfgR; ,oa vuqokn es a mudh fo'ks"k :fp gS vkSj jaxeap ij dbZ
vkys[k fy[k pqds gSaA dqN vkalw vkSj dqN Qwy o vfHku; fparu
mudh izdkf'kr iqLrds a gSaA
jRuk if.kDdj
,lksfl,V izksQslj] laxhr
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ls dukZVd laxhr es a Lukrd o LukrdksÙkj
mikf/k IkzkIr jRuk Ikf.kDdj us ^fganqLrkuh vkSj dukZVd jkx
iz.kkyh dk rqyukRed vè;;u* fo"k; ds lkFk Hkkjrh; laxhr es a
enzkl fo'ofo|ky; ls ih,p- Mh dh gSA 1991 es a mUgks aus jk-uk-foes
a izoDrk ¼laxhr½ dk dk;ZHkkj laHkkykA mUgks aus ns'k&fons'k es a dbZ
jax&laxhr laca/kh dk;Z'kkykvks a dk lapkyu fd;k gSA og dukZVd
laxhr dh 'kkL=h; xkf;dk ds rkSj ij izfrf"Br gS a vkSj vusd
ukVdks a es a laxhr funs Z'ku ds vykok fujkdkj laLFkk ds ukVdks a es a
vfHku; dj pqdha gS aA lqJh jRuk 2002 ls 2003 rd jk-uk-fo- es a
ladk;kè;{k ¼'kS{kf.kd½ ds in ij jghaA
lqjs'k 'ksV~Vh
,lksfl,V izksQslj] vfHku;&xfr lapkyu
o ladk;kè;{k] 'kS{kf.kd
1982 es a jk"Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ls vfHku; es a fo'ks"kKrk ds lkFk
fMIyksek IkzkIr lqjs'k 'ksV~Vh us jk-uk-fo- jaxeaMy es a ,d vfHkusrk ds
:i es a dk;Z fd;kA mUgks aus jaxeaMy o vU; nyks a ds vusd ukVdks a
es a eq[; Hkwfedk,a dh gS aA mUgks aus ekuo 'kjhj] dBiqryh vkSj vU;
n`'; jaxeapks a ds lkFk O;kid iz;ksxkRed dk;Z fd;k gS vkSj 'kjhj
dh Hkk"kk ds ekè;e ls vfHkO;fDr dh ,d foLr`r fof/k fodflr
dh gSA xfr lapkyu vkSj ewdkfHku; dh vk/kqfud rduhd dk
vè;;u djus ds fy, mUgks aus Ýkal dk nkSjk Hkh fd;kA
vfHkyk"k fiYyS
vflLVS aV izksQslj] vfHku;
jkMk] yanu ls jax&izLrqfr vkSj eap izca/ku es a fMIyksek]
jk-uk-fo- ls vfHkdYiuk o funsZ'ku es a LukrdksÙkj fMIyksek]
dkyhdV fo'ofo|ky;] dsjy ls jaxeap dykvks a es a Lukrd
mikf/k izkIr vfHkyk"k fiYyS us fofHkUu Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvks a vkSj
vaxzst+h es a ukVdks a dk funsZ'ku fd;k gS] Hkkjr vkSj baXySaM ds
izeq[k izdk'kuks a es a ys[k fy[ks gSa vkSj lsfeukj o dk;Z'kkykvks a es a
fgLlk fy;k gSA buds dk;ksZa es a 'kkL=h; ls ysdj vk/kqfud gj
rjg dh lkexzh 'kkfey jgrh gS ijUrq lHkh dks ,d ledkyhu
lkSUn;Zijd 'kSyh es a izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA og varjjk"Vªh;
lg;ksx ls fufeZr dbZ izLrqfr;ks a es a izeq[k funsZ'kd jgs gSaA gky
gh es a mudh ladYiuk vkSj funsZ'ku es a igyh ckj jkukfo us dsjy
ds xzSaM ldZl ds lg;ksx ls DykmUl ,aM DykmM~l IkzLrqfr dk
eapu fd;kA jaxeap ds {ks= es a fo'ks"k miyfC/k;ks a ds fy,
2002&03 es a vfHkyk"k fiYyS dks laLÑfr iqjLdkj ls lEekfur
fd;k x;kA
ukV~; lkfgR;
dhfrZ tSu
izksQslj] vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; ukVd
vaxzst+h lkfgR; es a ,e-,- rFkk jk-uk-fo- ls funsZ'ku es a fo'ks"kKrk
ds lkFk ukV~; dyk es a fMIyksek IkzkIr dhfrZ tSu ukVdks a es a
vfHku;] funsZ'ku ds vykok Hkkjr vkSj fons'kks a es a dbZ
jax&dk;Z'kkykvks a dk lapkyu vkSj jaxeap ls lacaf/kr iqLrdks a ,oa
if=dkvks a ds fy, fgUnh o vaxzst+h es a ys[k fy[k pqdh gSaA
lkaLÑfrd vknku&iznku dk;ZØe ds varxZr laxksf"B;ks a vkSj
lEesyuks a es a Hkkx ysus ds fy, mUgks aus fofHkUu ns'kks a a dh ;k=k,a a dh
gaSA mUgks aus fnYyh nwjn'kZu ds fy, dbZ ukVd o o`Ùkfp= rS;kj
fd, vkSj 1988 ls 1995 rd fo|ky; ds funs'kd in ij
dk;Zjr jgh gSaA bl nkSjku mUgks aus jkukfo es a laLdkj jax Vksyh]
vfHkys[ku o izdk'ku dk;ZØeks a ds vykok cSaxyq# es a
,d {ks=h; lalk/ku ds anz izkjaHk fd;kA og ^uVjax izfr"Bku*
uked jaxeap lalk/ku ds anz dh U;klh Hkh gSA izks- tSu dks
2010 es a izfrf"Br c-o- dkjUr Le`fr iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k
x;k gSA
ds- ,l- jktsUnzu
izksQslj] 'kkL=h; Hkkjrh; ukVd
ds- ,l- jktsUnzu Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvks a ds ukVdks a ds tkus&ekus
funsZ'kd gSaA jk-uk-fo- ls Lukrd mikf/k izkIr dj mUgks aus pSUubZ
fLFkr jaxeaMy dqFkw&ih&iV~VjkbZ ds lkFk dk;Z fd;kA 2007 es a
mUgks aus ubZ fnYyh fFk,Vj odZ'kkWi uked laLFkk dh LFkkiuk dh
ftlus vc rd dbZ u`R;&jaxeap izLrqfr;kW nh gSaA muds
funZs'kdh; dk;ks Z a es a dkfynkl vkSj 'kwnzd ds dkyt;h laLÑr
ukVdks a ds vykok czs"V] vk;ksusLdks vkSj tsusV ds :ikarj.kks a ls
ysdj ledkyhu ys[kdks a ds ukVd 'kkfey gSaA mUgks aus Hkkjr vkSj
fon'kks a es a dbZ jax dk;Z'kkyk,a lapkfyr dh gS vkSj jaxeap ij
O;k[;ku Hkh fn, gSaA 2006 es a cq[kkjsLV es a ^,afl,aV bafM;u Mªkek*
ij gqbZ ;wusLdks dh dk;Z'kkyk ds og dkslZ MkbjsDVj FksA mUgks aus
2008 es a Jàxsjh ds laLÑr fo'ofo|ky; ds fy, laLÑr ukV~;
izLrqfr ij ,d jk"Vªh; dk;Z'kkyk dk vk;kstu fd;kA mudh
gky dh izLrqfr 'ksDlfi;j Ñr fjpMZ&3 chftax es a vk;ksftr
nwljs varjjk"Vªh; jax egksRlo es a 'kkfey dh xbZ FkhA Jh
jktsUnzu viuh vuqla/kku ifj;kstuk ^fFk,Vj vkWQ nzfofM+;u
ewoes aV* ij dk;Z djrs gq, dkmafly vkWQ fgLVksfjdy fjlpZ ds
vè;srk ¼1985&87½ jgs gSaA
lkaruq cksl
vflLVS aV izksQslj] fo'o ukVd
tk/koiqj fo'ofo|ky; ls rqyukRed lkfgR; dk vè;;u djus ds
ckn lkaruq cksl us jk"Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ls LukRdksÙkj mikf/k
izkIr dhA mUgks aus jaxeap dh 'kq:vkr fo[;kr jaxdehZ r`fIr fe=
ds lkFk ,d izf'k{kq ds :i es a dhA og cgqlkaLÑfrd ifjfLFkfr;ks a
es a izLrqfr rS;kj djus es a fo'ks"k :fp ysrs jgs gS aA mUgks aus f QYeks + a ds
n`'; fuekZ.k ds vykok rRlaca/kh izf'k{k.k Hkh fn;k gS vkSj xSyjh
vk/kkfjr n`';&dyk dk;ks a Z es a fMftVy rduhd dk iz;ksx fd;k
gSA
jaxeap rduhd vkSj vfHkdYiuk
jkWfcu nkl
izksQslj] n`'; ifjdYiuk
mRdy fo'ofo|ky; ls Lukrd jkWfcu nkl us 1976 es a
jk-uk-fo- ls LukrdksÙkj mikf/k izkIr dh vkSj 1977&78 ea s
fo|ky; ds f'k{k.k ladk; dk fgLlk cusA ns'k ds izeq[k
funsZ'kdks a ds lkFk fMt+kbuj ds :Ik es a dk;Z djrs gq, mUgks aus
fofHkUu fo/kkvks a ds yxHkx 50 izLrqfr;ks a ds fy, jkspd fMt+kbu
rS;kj fd,A ,d funsZ'kd ds :i es a mUgks aus ledkyhu Hkkjrh;
jaxeap ds dbZ egRoiw.kZ igyqvks a dks vkxs c

ladk; ladk;
vkSj 'kkL=h;rk nksuks a dks lfEefyr :i ls izLrqr djus ds fy,
ges'kk rRij jgs gSaA o"kZ 2000 es a jaxeap ifjdYiuk ds {ks= es a
fo'ks"k ;ksxnku ds fy, mUgs a laxhr ukVd vdknseh iq:Ldkj ls
lEekfur fd;k x;kA
v'kksd lkxj Hkxr
izksQslj] jaxeap LFkkiR;
jkukfo ds o"kZ 1979 ds Lukrd v'kksd lkxj Hkxr ,d
[;kfrizkIr izdk'k o n`'; ifjdYid gS aA og laxhr ukVd
iqjLdkj ls lEekfur ¼2002½ gS a vkSj orZeku es a vk/kqfud fopkjks a
ds lkFk izkS|ksfxdh ds iz;ksx }kjk fFk,Vj bekjrks a ds iqu#)kj es a
layXu gS aA jaxeap rduhd vkSj rRlaca/kh lapkyu ds {ks= es a
muds }kjk fn, x;s ;ksxnku es a gkW,fLVax flLVe ds fy,
Lokyach Lisl Ýse dk fuekZ.k] Vw&ckj MªkWi&dVs Zu vkWijs'ku dk
ifjp;] jkukfo ds vfHkeap lHkkxkj es a Hkkjr dk igyk
^ykbV&lkWV&IkSfpax* 'kkfey gS aA mUgks aus fpUe; fe'ku ¼fnYyh½
ds :Ik es a Hkkjr dk Ikgyk bdks&'kSy lHkkxkj fn;k gSA mUgks aus
IkVuk fLFkr ipkl ds n'kd es a cus iz sepan jax'kkyk dk Hkh
uohdj.k fd;k vkSj mls lsYQ+ LikWfVZ ax gkW,fLVax flLVe ds
vykok u;k ywi&dkm.Vj&osV flLVe fn;k gSA gky gh es a cuwj
fLFkr Hkkth xqj'kj.k lHkkxkj mudk ,d mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku gS
ftles a mUgks aus 90 QqV O;kl dk v/kZ&xksykdkj cz sy&IknkZ cuk;k
gSA Ikzks- Hkxr tkiku] teZuh] phu] FkkbZyS.M] :l] fdxhZLrku]
dt+kDLrku] dksfj;k vkSj czkthy es a vk;ksftr ^QSLVhoYl vkWQ
bafM;k* ds rduhdh funs Z'kd jg pqds gS aA mUgks aus cS afMV Dohu
vkSj gt+kjks a [+okfg'ks a ,slh f QYeks + a es a dyk&funs Z'kd ds rkSj ij
mRÑ"V dk;Z fd;k gSA
lqjs'k Hkkj}kt
izksQslj] izdk'k ifjdYiuk
jk-uk-fo- ds Lukrd lqjs'k Hkkj}kt us 1980 es a foLrkj dk;ZØe
ds varxZr ,d o"khZ; f'k{kko`fr izkIr dhA og Hkkjr Hkou
jaxeaMy] Hkksiky ds rduhdh funsZ'kd vkSj fnYyh dh jaxeaMyh
^laHko* ds laLFkkid lnL; jgs gSaA 1985 es a mUgks aus Vsyhfot+u
vkSj flusek dh vksj :[k fd;kA 1988 es a og jkukfo ladk; ds
lnL; vkSj ckn es a foLrkj dk;ZØe ds izksQslj cusA mUgks aus
bl nkSjku nwjn'kZu vkSj lSVsykbV pSuyks a ds fy, ys[ku]
funsZ'ku vkSj fMt+kbu dk;Z fd,] Hkkjr vkSj fons'kks a es a dbZ
jaxeap dk;Z'kkyk,a lapkfyr dha vkSj vusd laLFkkuks a ds fy,
dbZ Hkk"kkvks a es a ukVdks a dh ifjdYiuk o funsZ'ku fd;kA mUgks aus
;wusLdks ds varxZr oYMZ Mªkek Ldwy es a varjjk"Vªh; fu.kkZ;d ds
:i es a Hkh dk;Z fd;k gSA mUgs a jaxeap ds {ks= es a fo'ks"k ;ksxnku
ds fy, laxhr ukVd vdknseh iqjLdkj vkSj peu yky
lkslkbVh ds jkWLdks ¼;w-ds-½ iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA
vejthr 'kekZ
,slksfl,V izksQslj] eap VSDuksykWth
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ls Lukrd] vejthr 'kekZ us 1979 es a
jk-uk-fo- ds dk"B'kkyk foHkkx es a dk;Z vkjaHk fd;k] rnqijkar os
1994 es a eap VSDyksykWftLV ds in ij fu;qDr gq,A ukVdks a ds
eapu vkSj lacaf/kr xfrfof/k;ks a gsrq eap ifjdYiuk,a] ;kstuk,a vkSj
ekWMy rS;kj djuk mudk mÙkjnkf;Ro jgk gSA 1999 ls izkjEHk
gq, Hkkjr jax egksRlo] 1998 ls izkjEHk gq, t'us cpiu vkSj
2000&2001 es a vk;ksftr Hkkjr es a teZu egksRlo ls ysdj vc
rd og yxkrkj eap&laLFkkiu vkSj fu"iknu dk mYys[kuh;
dk;Z dj pqds gS aA mUgks aus Vsyhfotu /kkjkokfgdks a ds fy, Hkh eap
ifjdYiuk dh gS vkSj jkukfo dh vksj ls eap fuekZ.k laca/kh dk;Z
ds fy, teZuh vkSj Jhyadk Hkh x,A mUgks aus 1998 es a
Hkkjr&tkiku lkaLÑfrd vknku&iznku dk;ZØe ds rgr VksD;ks
es a vk;ksftr mUur jax&rduhd dk;ZØe es a Hkh Hkkx fy;kA
vfrfFk ladk;
fo|ky; le;≤ ij ns'k&fons'k ds mRÑ"V ltZukRed
izfrHkkvks a dks vfrfFk ladk; lnL; ds :i es a vkeaf=r djrk jgk
gSA fHkUu&fHkUu Hkkf"kd vkSj lkaLÑfrd i`"BHkwfe;ks a ds ,sls dbZ
l`tu'khy O;fDrRo tks jaxeap ds {ks= es a lfØ; gS a vkSj lkaLÑfrd
;FkkFkZ ds ifjorZu'khy ifjn`'; es a bl ekè;e dh pqukSfr;ks a dk
lkeuk djrs jgs gS a] fo|ky; es a vfrfFk ladk; ds :Ik es a vkrs jgs
gS a vkSj fo|kfFkZ;ks a ls vius vuqHko lk>k djrs jgs gS aA
jaxeaMy
lqjs'k 'kekZ
jaxeaMy] izeq[k
Hkkjrs anq ukV~; vdknseh y[kuÅ ls jaxeap dyk es a fMIyksek
vkSj jk-uk-fo- ls vfHku; es a LukrdksÙkj fMIyksek izkIr Jh lqjs'k
'kekZ us fnYyh ds laHko ukV~; laLFkk ds lkFk Lora= jaxdehZ ds
rkSj ij 'kq:vkr dhA 1985&86 es a xqykc ckbZ vkSj eqnzkjk{kl
ds ekxZn'kZu es a mUgks aus mÙkj izns'k dh ukSVadh 'kSyh es a Qsyksf'ki
dhA mUgks aus eaMh] fgekpy izns'k es a ,d jaxeaMy dh LFkkiuk
dh vkSj Jhjke ls aVj QkWj ijQkWfeZax vkV~lZ] fnYyh ds
dykRed&funsZ'kd ds :i es a dk;Z fd;kA laiw.kZ Hkkjr es a
jaxeap dk;Z'kkykvks a dk lapkyu djus ds lkFk&lkFk mUgks aus
dbZ ukVdks a dk funsZ'ku vkSj tkus&ekus funsZ'kdks a ds funsZ'ku es a
dbZ egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk,a vfHkuhr dh gSaA mUgks aus LrkfuLykoLdh
vfHku; iz.kkyh dk fganh vuqokn fd;k vkSj jaxeaMy dh dk;Z
iz.kkyh dk vè;;u djus ds fy, fons'k ;k=k dhA vkids }kjk
funsZf'kr ukVdks a es a va/kk;qx] bfMil] vk/ks&v/kwjs] l[kkjke
ckbaMj vkSj tqywl vkfn 'kkfey gSaA vkidks eksg.kk ukVd ds
fy, lkfgR; dyk ifj"kn vkSj laxhr ukVd vdknseh }kjk
lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA
cky jaxeap
iadt lDlsuk
leUo;d] cky jaxeap
jk"Vªh; ukV~; fo|ky; ls 1978 es a Lukrd gq, iadt lDlsuk
dbZ izLrqfrijd cky jaxeap dk;Z'kkykvks a dk funsZ'ku o
vk;kstu dj pqds gSaA jaxeap laxhr] ukV~;&ys[ku] jaxeap
bfrgkl vkfn mudh fo'ks"k vfHk#fp ds {ks=ks a es a 'kkfey gSaA ns'k
ds izeq[k laLFkkuka s@laxBuks a tSls laxhr ukVd vdknseh]
lkfgR; dyk ifj"kn~ vkSj Hkkjr Hkou ds lkFk dk;Z djus dk
mUgs a fo'ks"k vuqHko gSA jk-uk-fo- ds {ks=h; lalk/ku ds anz] ca Sxyq#
ds leUo;d jgs iadt lDlsuk orZeku es a jk-uk-fo- es a cky
jaxeap dk i;Zos{k.k dj jgs gSaA
izLrqfr izHkkx
ijkx lekZg
izLrqfr izca/kd
jk-uk-fo- ds Lukrd ijkx lekZg us fo|ky; ds jaxeaMy es a
yxkrkj 6 o"kZ rd ,d dykdkj ds :Ik es a vkSj ckn es a yxHkx 6
o"kZ rd gh eap izca/kd ds rkSj ij dk;Z fd;kA bl nkSjku mUgks aus
45 ls T;knk ukVdks a es a vfHku; fd;kA muds }kjk funs Zf'kr
ij'kqjke dk eapu ukafndkj jk"Vªh; ukV~; mRlo vkSj Hkkjr jax
egksRlo es a gks pqdk gSA jaxeaMy ds fy, mUgks aus gSyks vkmV ns;j
uked ukVd dk funs Z'ku fd;kA ,d LFkkfir izdk'k ifjdYid
ds rkSj ij mUgks aus jkLrs] ifj.kfr] HkkaM nqgkbZ] rktegy dk Vs.Mj]
canh izeFk vkSj xhr ,oa ukVd izHkkx ds izdk'k o èofu
izLrqfrdj.k ^'kr:ik* ds fy, izdk'k ifjdYiuk dh gSA orZeku es a
vki jk-uk-fo- es a izLrqfr izca/kd ds :i es a dk;Zjr gS a vkSj fiNys
ikW ap lky ls ns'k ds fofHkUu Hkkxks a es a iwoks ZÙkj ukV~; lekjksg ds
lQy la;kstu ds lw=/kkj gS aA
58 59

60
iz'kklfud ,oa rduhdh deZpkjh
iz'kklfud fudk;
Hkaoj flag
jftLVªkj
vkxjk fo'ofo|ky; ls ,e-,- vkSj 1977 es a fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;
ls ch-,M-] HkWoj flag us 1989 es a jk-uk-fo- es a dk;ZHkkj laHkkykA bl
nkSjku dk;Z'kkykvks a ds lapkyu@i;Zos{k.k gsrq ns'k ds fofHkUu
fgLlks a dk nkSjk fd;kA jftLVªkj ds :i es a izksUur gksus ls igys
og fo|ky; es a lgk;d jftLVªkj] ys[kk vf/kdkjh vkSj mi
jfTkLVªkj ds :i es a dk;Z dj pqds gS aA
iqLrdky;
vfuy JhokLro] iqLrdky;kè;{k
okMZu
ohuk lgjkor] efgyk okMZu&lg&eSl lqijokbtj
iz'kklu ,oa ys[kk foHkkx
jke fd'ku] mi&jftLVªkj
lqjs'k ea'kkjekuh] ys[kk vf/kdkjh
ih-ih- JhokLro] lgk;d jftLVªkj ¼laLdkj jax Vksyh½
vkse izdk'k lkxj] laink izca/kd
Jhizdk'k 'kekZ] lgk;d jftLVªkj ¼ys[kk½
lfork dkyjk] lgk;d jftLVªkj ¼iz'kklu½
xh- oxhZl ds- Vh-] futh lfpo] funs'kd
lh-Mh- frokjh] HkaMkj i;Zos{kd
nhid dqekj ok/kok] O;olk; izca/kd ¼jaxeaMy½
,- ds- c#vk] tu laidZ vf/kdkjh
ch-,l- jkor] bapktZ ¼'kS{kf.kd½
uhye diwj] bapktZ ¼HkaMkj½
n'kZu flag fc"V] bapktZ ¼cqd 'kkWi½
rduhdh deZpkjh
rduhdh foHkkx
ch-,l- ikfVy] eap izca/kd
,l- R;kxjktu] QksVksxzkQj
,l- euksgju] èofu rduhf'k;u
jktsUnz flag xkslkbZ a] èofu rduhf'k;u
xqj'kj.k dkSj] Vsyfjax&lg&okMZjksc i;Zos{kd
jke izrki] odZ'kki izf'k{kd
fdj.k dqekj] lgk;d ¼izdk'k ,oa èofu foHkkx½
laxhr foHkkx
jktsUnz izlUuk] ckalqjh o 'kgukbZ oknd
vkse izdk'k] rky oknd xs zM&1
âns'k dqekj] flrkj oknd
ih- osVªh Hkwifr] rky oknd xs zM&3
jktHkk"kk foHkkx
xhrk tks'kh] lgk;d funs'kd ¼jk-Hkk-½
psruk of'k"B] ofj"B fgUnh vuqoknd

jk"Vh; ukV~; foky;
NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA
Bahawalpur House, Bhagwandas Road, New Delhi 110 001
Telephones: +91-11-23389402, 23387916
www.nsd.gov.in