Preclearance Programs with USDA/APHIS - Plant Medicine Program
Preclearance Programs with USDA/APHIS - Plant Medicine Program Preclearance Programs with USDA/APHIS - Plant Medicine Program
United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine Preclearance Programs with USDA/APHIS Adam J. Silagyi Pest Survey Specialist USDA-APHIS-PPQ February 17, 2010 Doctor of Plant Medicine Program Colloquium on Plant Pests of Regulatory Significance
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United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
<strong>Preclearance</strong> <strong><strong>Program</strong>s</strong> <strong>with</strong><br />
<strong>USDA</strong>/<strong>APHIS</strong><br />
Adam J. Silagyi<br />
Pest Survey Specialist<br />
<strong>USDA</strong>-<strong>APHIS</strong>-PPQ<br />
February 17, 2010<br />
Doctor of <strong>Plant</strong> <strong>Medicine</strong> <strong>Program</strong><br />
Colloquium on <strong>Plant</strong> Pests of Regulatory Significance
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
Presentation Overview<br />
• What is a <strong>Preclearance</strong> <strong>Program</strong><br />
• Why <strong>Preclearance</strong> <strong><strong>Program</strong>s</strong> exist<br />
• Roles and Responsibilities of all involved<br />
• How to Initiate the Establishment of a<br />
<strong>Preclearance</strong> <strong>Program</strong><br />
• <strong>Program</strong> Components<br />
• Operational Work Plan<br />
• My experience <strong>with</strong> the Chilean <strong>Preclearance</strong><br />
program (Inspection).
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
Safeguarding System<br />
Offshore Risk Management<br />
Int’l Services, <strong>Preclearance</strong> & Clean Stock <strong><strong>Program</strong>s</strong>,<br />
Risk analysis, Gathering info on pests and pathways<br />
Port of Entry Measures<br />
DHS/CBP & <strong>USDA</strong>/<strong>APHIS</strong>/PPQ through MOA<br />
Quarantine<br />
Permits, quarantine facilities<br />
Pest Detection<br />
CAPS, <strong>Plant</strong> inspectors, NPDN, SITC, First Detectors,<br />
Master Gardener’s, the General Public.<br />
Emergency Response<br />
Eradicate or mitigate: Regulatory, Extension & Research<br />
and other stakeholders
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
What is a <strong>Preclearance</strong> <strong>Program</strong>?<br />
• The entry requirements for the<br />
commodities are met in the country<br />
of origin<br />
• <strong>APHIS</strong> personnel conduct all and/or<br />
some the following to minimize pest<br />
risk:<br />
– Field inspections<br />
– Commodity inspections<br />
– Treatment supervision and certification<br />
– Other mitigation measures
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
Why have <strong>Preclearance</strong> <strong><strong>Program</strong>s</strong>?<br />
• Expedite Trade<br />
– Minimal monitoring or inspection<br />
on arrival<br />
– Facilitates open trade of high risk<br />
commodities<br />
– Avoids rejection or delays upon<br />
arrival (affecting freshness)<br />
– Quicker access to markets<br />
– Rejections less costly when done<br />
in host country<br />
– Offshore monitoring facilities
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
Why have <strong>Preclearance</strong> <strong><strong>Program</strong>s</strong>?<br />
• Cooperation <strong>with</strong> National <strong>Plant</strong><br />
Protection Organization (NPPO)<br />
– Many activities carried out by NPPO<br />
– Assurance activities are conducted in<br />
participating countries<br />
– Higher level of inspection and<br />
oversight<br />
– Ensure quality produce<br />
– Systems Approach<br />
– Offshore Mitigation
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
<strong>Program</strong> Participants<br />
• <strong>USDA</strong>-Animal <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
(<strong>APHIS</strong>): <strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
(PPQ) & International Services (IS)<br />
• National <strong>Plant</strong> Protection Organization (NPPO)<br />
of foreign country<br />
• Cooperator
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
<strong>USDA</strong>/<strong>APHIS</strong>/PPQ<br />
• Quarantine Policy Analysis and Support (QPAS)<br />
(formerly know as “Port Operations”), Riverdale,<br />
Maryland<br />
• <strong>APHIS</strong> International Services<br />
• Center for <strong>Plant</strong> Health, Science and Technology<br />
(CPHST)<br />
• Marketing and Regulatory <strong><strong>Program</strong>s</strong> (MRP),<br />
Business Services
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
QPAS – <strong>Preclearance</strong><br />
• Development and Implementation of new programs<br />
• Approvals via <strong>Preclearance</strong> Advisory Group (PAG)<br />
• <strong>Preclearance</strong> Coordinators and Temporary Duty<br />
Assignment (TDY) Roster<br />
• <strong>Program</strong> reviews<br />
• Liaison <strong>with</strong> Ports of Entry<br />
• Other Issues
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
International Services<br />
• <strong>Program</strong> development support<br />
• Liaison <strong>with</strong> NPPO and Cooperator<br />
• Implements and Manages programs<br />
• Assists <strong>with</strong> logistics in-country<br />
• Develops budget & ensures financial obligations<br />
are met
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
CPHST<br />
(Methods & Development)<br />
• Evaluates and reviews technical treatment plans<br />
• Provides recommendations and/or guidance<br />
• Approves Treatment Facilities<br />
• Reviews treatment records<br />
• Conducts program reviews <strong>with</strong> QPAS<br />
• Performance tests
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
MRP – Business Services<br />
• Develops Cooperative Service Agreements<br />
• Establishes and manages trust funds<br />
• All preclearance programs are 100%<br />
cost-recovery
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
NPPO Responsibilities (continued)<br />
• Conducts joint sampling, cutting and/or inspection<br />
during preclearance activities<br />
• Investigates repeated pest interceptions and implement<br />
means to control populations in the field<br />
• Ensures shipments are prepared for export and<br />
safeguarded post-treatment<br />
• Ensures boxes are marked appropriately<br />
• Makes sure containers are clean<br />
• Issues phytosanitary certificates for export (if<br />
necessary)
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
Cooperator Responsibilities<br />
• Signs Cooperative Service Agreement<br />
• Organizes funding<br />
• Liaison <strong>with</strong> industry<br />
• Notifies <strong>APHIS</strong> of proposed date of start of season<br />
• Requests <strong>APHIS</strong> and NPPO services<br />
• Notifies <strong>APHIS</strong> and NPPO of phytosanitary issues<br />
• Provides transportation and logistical support for<br />
officers
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
Initiating a <strong>Preclearance</strong> <strong>Program</strong><br />
• <strong>Preclearance</strong> proposals Foreign government makes<br />
official request<br />
• Request submitted through Director of <strong>Preclearance</strong><br />
• <strong>Preclearance</strong> Advisory Group (PAG) reviews request<br />
– Makes technical decisions and recommendations<br />
– Identifies parties responsible for program components<br />
• Project planning and development<br />
• Agreements in place<br />
• Operational review and implementation
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
<strong>Program</strong> Components<br />
• Official Request – from Industry to NPPO to IS to<br />
Director of <strong>Preclearance</strong><br />
• PAG convened<br />
• If treatment required, plans for facilities reviewed<br />
by NPPO and submitted to IS<br />
• New facility plans reviewed and approved by<br />
Director of <strong>Preclearance</strong> and CPHST<br />
• Technical recommendations and/or modifications<br />
may be required<br />
• Official visit and planning
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
US Ports of Entry<br />
• Recall, many benefits to establishing a PC program<br />
• QPAS – preclearance at <strong>APHIS</strong> headquarters in<br />
Riverdale, MD, provides guidance to Customs and<br />
Border Protection Agency (CBP)<br />
• CBP reserves the right to conduct monitoring<br />
• CBP Agricultural Specialists:<br />
– Review entry forms<br />
– Ensure compliance <strong>with</strong> safeguards<br />
– Compare supporting documentation to shipment
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
<strong>Preclearance</strong><br />
<strong><strong>Program</strong>s</strong>:<br />
Cooperatively<br />
Working<br />
Together<br />
Summary<br />
<strong>APHIS</strong><br />
Cooperator<br />
NPPO
Hot Water<br />
Treatment<br />
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
Types of preclearance programs<br />
Vapor<br />
Heat/Forced<br />
Hot Air<br />
Methyl<br />
Bromide<br />
Fumigation<br />
General<br />
Inspections<br />
Mexico Mexico Mexico Chile Mexico<br />
Brazil Japan Jamaica India<br />
Irradiation<br />
Peru Argentina Argentina Thailand<br />
Ecuador Uruguay South Korea Vietnam<br />
Haiti Chile New Zealand<br />
Dominican<br />
Republic<br />
Jamaica South Africa<br />
Guatemala Spain<br />
Costa Rica Netherlands<br />
Nicaragua<br />
Honduras
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
Hot Water Treatment Responsibilities<br />
• Monitor fruit fly program<br />
• Work <strong>with</strong> NPPO to inspect/cut<br />
fruit before treatment<br />
• <strong>APHIS</strong> employees monitor<br />
treatments<br />
• Monitor packing<br />
• Monitor and/or place the seal on<br />
the shipment<br />
• Check and authorize appropriate<br />
paperwork (i.e. 203)<br />
• Mexico<br />
– 89 Treatment facilities<br />
• Brazil<br />
– 19 treatment facilities<br />
• Peru<br />
• Ecuador<br />
• Haiti<br />
• Dominican Republic<br />
• Guatemala<br />
• Costa Rica<br />
• Honduras<br />
• Nicaragua
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
Vapor Heat Treatment/Forced Hot Air<br />
Responsibilities<br />
• Monitor fruit fly program<br />
• Work <strong>with</strong> NPPO to inspect/cut fruit before<br />
treatment<br />
• <strong>APHIS</strong> employees monitor treatments<br />
• Monitor packing<br />
• Monitor and/or place the seal on the shipment<br />
• Check and authorize appropriate paperwork (i.e.<br />
203)<br />
• One program in Mexico
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
Methyl Bromide Fumigation<br />
Responsibilities<br />
• Monitor field mitigation program<br />
• Work <strong>with</strong> NPPO to inspect/cut<br />
fruit before treatment<br />
• <strong>APHIS</strong> employees monitor<br />
treatments<br />
• Monitor packing<br />
• Monitor and/or place the seal on<br />
the shipment<br />
• Check and authorize<br />
appropriate paperwork (i.e. 203)<br />
• Mexico<br />
– Citrus<br />
• Japan<br />
– Apples<br />
• Argentina/Uruguay<br />
– Blueberries<br />
• Chile<br />
– Grapes<br />
– Kiwi<br />
• Jamaica<br />
– Yams
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
• Monitor field program<br />
• Work <strong>with</strong> NPPO to inspect<br />
commodity<br />
• Monitor packing<br />
• Monitor and/or place the seal<br />
on the shipment<br />
• Check and authorize<br />
appropriate paperwork (i.e.<br />
203)<br />
Irradiation<br />
• Mexico<br />
• India<br />
– Guava<br />
– Mangoes<br />
– Mangoes<br />
• Thailand<br />
– Mango<br />
– Longan<br />
– Litchi<br />
– Mangosteen<br />
– Rambutan<br />
– Pineapple<br />
• Vietnam<br />
– Dragon fruit
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
• Monitor field programs<br />
General Inspection<br />
Responsibilities<br />
• Work <strong>with</strong> NPPO to inspect commodity<br />
• Monitor packing<br />
• Monitor and/or place the seal on the shipment<br />
• Monitor safeguarding measures<br />
• Check and authorize appropriate paperwork (i.e.<br />
203)
• Chile<br />
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
– Approximately 155 commodities<br />
• Jamaica<br />
– Approximately 30 commodities<br />
• Argentina<br />
– Stone fruit<br />
– Apples<br />
– Pears<br />
• Korea<br />
– Sand Pears<br />
General Inspection<br />
• New Zealand<br />
– Apples<br />
• South Africa<br />
– Citrus<br />
• Spain<br />
– Citrus<br />
• Netherlands<br />
– Flowers bulbs and perennials
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
Chile<br />
4,300 km long (2,700 mi)<br />
240 km wide (150 mi) at widest point<br />
Various climates:<br />
Driest desert in the world (Atacama)<br />
Mediterranean<br />
Tundra<br />
Geographically an Island:<br />
Desert-North<br />
Andes Mountain Range-East<br />
Pacific Ocean-West<br />
Frigid Tundra-South
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
• <strong>USDA</strong>, Animal <strong>Plant</strong> Health<br />
Inspection Service (<strong>APHIS</strong>),<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
(PPQ) & International Services<br />
(IS)<br />
• National <strong>Plant</strong> Protection<br />
Organization (NPPO) of foreign<br />
country: Servicio Agricola y<br />
Ganadero (SAG)<br />
Agriculture & Livestock Service<br />
• Cooperator La Asociación de<br />
Exportadores de Chile (ASOEX)<br />
Chilean Exporter Association<br />
<strong>Program</strong> Participants
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
Chile <strong>Preclearance</strong> <strong>Program</strong><br />
• Operational since 1983<br />
• Approximately 155 commodities<br />
treated or inspected<br />
• Five (5) inspection sites: 1 brand<br />
new site & 1 new facility<br />
• 250 packing facilities<br />
• Six maritime ports & 1 airport<br />
• The 2007-2008 season Chile<br />
exported 51 million cases of<br />
horticultural products to the US<br />
Value: ~ $3.2 Billion
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
One line of five (5) inspectors<br />
examines one lot so as not to<br />
mix lots and maintain order<br />
and hygiene.
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine
Commodity<br />
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
Chile <strong>Preclearance</strong> Inspection <strong>Program</strong><br />
Lo Herrera Inspection Site<br />
Total Inspected<br />
Total Inspected &<br />
Released<br />
Total Rejected <strong>USDA</strong><br />
Total Rejected<br />
<strong>USDA</strong>/SAG<br />
Lot Cases Lot Cases Lot Cases Lot Cases<br />
Apricots 1 57 50087 49 44726 5 3718 3 1643<br />
Apricots 2 42 26767 36 21834 1 375 5 4558<br />
Avocados 345 590036 341 583345 1 1495 3 5196<br />
Blueberries 1688 451350 1652 441705 21 5329 15 4316<br />
Cherries 157 229575 156 227775 1 1800 0 0<br />
Loquats 1 74 1 74 0 0 0 0<br />
Nectarines 113 391171 306 376923 3 6520 4 7728<br />
Onions 5 5780 5 5780 0 0 0 0<br />
Peaches 335 435446 316 416927 16 14957 3 3562<br />
Pears 7 9664 7 9664 0 0 0 0<br />
Plumcot 1 96 1 96 0 0 0 0<br />
Plums 246 342837 231 321526 6 5233 9 16078<br />
Total Site 3197 2,532,883 3101 2,450,375 54 39427 42 43081
United States Department of Agriculture<br />
Animal and <strong>Plant</strong> Health Inspection Service<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection and Quarantine<br />
Adam J. Silagyi, DPM<br />
<strong>USDA</strong>-<strong>APHIS</strong>-PPQ<br />
Pest Survey Specialist<br />
1911 SW 34th Street<br />
Gainesville, FL 32608<br />
352-372-3505 ext: 465<br />
adam.j.silagyi@aphis.usda.gov<br />
http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/caps/index.html
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