Andhra University Department of Marine Living Resources M.Sc ...

Andhra University
Department of Marine Living Resources
M.Sc. Marine Biology and Fisheries
THIRD SEMESTER
Paper 3.1 : Fishery Science
General Account of systematic classification of fishes. Classification based on
degrees of movement, zones inhabited and manner of reproduction.
Economically important groups of fishes: general and brief account of
elasmobranches, clupeoids, salmonoids, scombroids, gadoids, heterosomata,
sciaenids, carangids. Trichiurids, cat fishes, crustaceans and molluscs.
Natural populations or stocks as biological entities; factors limiting abundance of
stocks. Criteria for distinguishing units or multistock species. Idea of unit stock – its
relevance to tropical marine fish.
Population dynamics; recruitment, growth and mortality. Length – weight
relationship, Condition Factor.
General account of life history of Indian fishes: oil sardines, Indian shad,
mackerel, Bombay duck and Malabar sole.
Food and feeding habits of fishes (general account), reproduction and spawning
(general account); fish eggs and larvae.
Age determination of fishes; general account. Movement and migration in fishes: eel,
salmon, Indian shad. Marking and Tagging of fishes (general account).
Reference Books:
1. Cushing D.H.: Fisheries Biology, University of Wisconsin press, 1968.
2. Cushing D.H.: Marine ecology and fisheries, Cambridge University press, 1975.
3. Jhingran V.G.: Fish and fisheries of India, Hindustan Publ. Corpn., 1991.
4. Nelson J.S.: Fishes of the world, John Wiley, 1976.
5. Royce W.F.: Introduction to fishery sciences, Academic Press, 1972.

Paper 3.2: Aquaculture – 1
Role, status and importance of Aquaculture
Criteria of selection of species for aquaculture.
Culture practices of carps, milkfish and mullets.’
Monoculture, polyculture and integrated farming.
Culture practices of tiger shrimp, Macrobrachium rosenbergi, crabs and lobsters –
Extension activities in aquaculture.
Culture practices of edible oyster, mussel, cephalopod, clams, and Marine finfish.
Culture practices of Seaweeds in India and abroad. Significance of mariculture in India.
References:
1. Bardach J.E. et al., Aquaculture, Wiley – interscience, 1972.
2. IMAI t.: Aquaculture in shallow seas, Amerind Pub. Co. 1977
3. Milne P.H.: Fish & Shellfish farming in coastal waters, FNB Ltd., 1972
4. Pillay TVR & Wm. A.Dill: Advances in Aquaculture, FAO, 1979.
5. Wheaton F.W.: Aquaculture engineering, Wiley-interscience, 1977.
6. Jhingran V.G.: Fish & Fisheries of India, Hindustan Pub. Corp., 1982.
7. Stickney R.R.: Principles of warm water aquaculture, Wiley interscience, 1979.
8. Huet M. & Timmermans: Textbook of fish culture, FNB Ltd., 1986.
9. T.V.R. Pillay: Aquaculture: Principles & Practices, FNB Ltd., 1981.

Paper 3.3: Biochemistry and Physiology
Introduction to Biochemistry. Proteins – Structure, Isolation, Purification, Denaturation –
amino acids – Fish proteins. Lipids – Fish lipids – auto oxidation – rancidity –
antioxidants.
Enzymes – Classification, factors influencing enzyme activity, Role of enzymes in
metabolism.
Biological Oxidation – Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Proteins and Lipids with reference
to fishes.
Physiology of digestion, reproduction and neurosecretions in fin fishes and shell fishes.
Moulting and growth in decapods crustaceans: regulating factors.
Neurohormones and endocrine glands and their functions in finished and shell fishes.
References:
1. Bardach J.E. et al. Aquaculture: Wiley-interscience, 1972.
2. Conn F.E. & P.K.Stump: Outlines of Bio-Chemistry, Willey Eastern Ltd., 1989.
3. Halver J.E.: Fish Nutrition, Academic Press, 1972.
4. Hepher B.: Nutrition of Pond Fishes, Cambridge University Press, 1969.

Paper 3.4: Marine Pollution
Marine Pollution: Definition by GESAMP, major sources of pollution, dynamics,
transport paths and agents.
Toxicology: Lethal and sub lethal effects of pollutants on marine organisms, evaluation
of toxicity tolerance, bioassay.
Enzymatic removal of hazardous organic substances from aqueous effluents.
Sewage: Domestic, Industrial, agricultural and aquacultural discharges, their
composition and fate in the marine environment, toxicity and treatment methods,
sewage disposal system.
Environmental Impact Assessment Methods of aquaculture activities.
Oil pollution: Sources and fate of oil, composition and toxicity of oil, biological effects
treatment procedures.
Thermal and radioactive pollutants: Source and characteristics, strategies for
disposal of RNA and Heated effluents, biological effects and alternative uses of waste
dumping, mining and dredging operations, their effects on the organisms and marine
environment.
Text Books/References:
1. S.E. Nielsen: Tropical Pollution, 1982.
2. A.M.Chakravarthy Biodegradation and detoxification of Environmental pollutants,
CRC Press, 1928.
3. O.Kinne: Marine Ecology, Vol.V.Ocean Management 3&4, John Wiley & Sons,
1984.
4. Johnston R. (Ed.) : Marine Pollution, Academic Press, 1976.
5. Patin. S.A.: Pollution and Biological resources of the Oceans Butterworth & Co.
Ltd., 1982.
6. Ruive M. (Ed.) : Marine Pollution and Fishing News Sea Life, 1972.
7. Venugopalan, V.K.: Pollution and Toxicology, CAS in Marine Biology, 1991.
8. Rita Colwell (Ed.): Biotechnology in Marine Sciences, Academic Press, 1981.
9. Prakesh P.: Textbook of Marine Pollution.
10. Gupta, P.K.: Introduction to Biotechnology.

M.Sc. Marine Biology and Fisheries
FOURTH SEMESTER
Paper 4.1 : Fishing Technology and Fisheries Management
Evolution of fishing crafts: Boat types and their classification, types of boats used in
India.
Evolution of fishing hooks and baits.
Evolution and classification of fishing gears; description of hand-line, troll line and pole
line; description, design and fabrication of trawl nets, purse-seine, gill nets.
Fisheries oceanography: General account of effects of environmental parameters like
temperature, currents, light and salinity on fish biology, behaviour and
abundance.
Stock assessment : Collection of basic data, stock size. yield models.
The effects of exploitation. The over fishing problem. Management techniques, fishing
regulations.
The future of fisheries research; development and management strategies.
Text Books:
1. R.R.Colwell (ed) Biotechnology in Marine Science. 1982
2. Aitikin, A. Fish handling & processing. 2 nd edition, 1982
3. Baranov, F.I Selected works in fishing gear Volume-1: 1978
4. Borgstorm, G Fish as Food Vol.I,III & IV Academic Press 1961, 1965
5. Brandt, A.V. Fish catching methods of the world, 3 rd edition,
Fishing News Books Ltd. 1971
6.connell, J.J Control of fish quality, Fishing News Books Ltd
7. Sanisburry, J.C Commercial Fishing Methods,
1975
Fishing News Books Ltd 1971
8. Cushing, D.H Fishing Biology. University of Wisconsin press 1968
9. Cushing, D.H Marine ecology and fisheries. Cambridge University Press 1975

10. Jhingran, V.G Fish and Fisheries of India Hindustan Publ. Corp. 1991
11. Nelson, J.S Fished of the world John Wiley Publ.
References:
1976
1. Cushing D.H.: Fisheries Biology, University of Wisconsin Press, 1968.
2. Cushing D.H.: Marine Ecology and fisheries, Cambridge University Press, 1975.
3. Jhingran V.G.Fish and fisheries of India, Hindustan Publ. Corpn., 1991.
4. Nelson J.S.: Fishes of the world, John Wiley, 1976.

Paper 4.2: Fish Processing Technology
Chemical composition of fish and shellfish: moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrates,
ash etc.
Microbiology of fresh and processed fish: Morphology of bacteria: growth and
reproduction of bacteria: effect of environmental factors like temperature, pH, oxygen,
moisture, etc.
Common bacteria present in fish; identification and isolation. Bacteria of sanitary
significance.
Handling of fish: spoilage of fish and shellfish; effect of temperature on fish spoilage,
use of ice;
Solid carbon dioxide and liquid nitrogen in fish preservations; containers for packaging
and transportation of fish, handling on board fishing vessels and on shore ;use of
chemical preservatives and irradiation in extending shelf life of fish and shell fish.
Canning : Principles of canning; canning materials; handling and preparation of fish and
shellfish for canning; spoilage of canned fish; chemical and microbiological spoilage and
their prevention.
Curing: Salting of fish-principles and practices; pickling; smoked fish; spoilage of cured
fish.
Freezing of fish: techniques of freezing; different types of freezers; changes during
freezing and storage of fish; effects of freezing on proteins, lipids and bacteria, spoilage
of frozen fish and shellfish; denaturation of proteins, lipid hydrolysis; fat oxidation,
protection of frozen fish; glazing and wrapping; use of anti-oxidants; thawing of frozen
fish, double freezing of fish; storage, transportation and distribution of frozen fish,
industrial methods of freezing fish and shellfish; production and freezing of fish fillets,
minced meat and fish fingers.
Byproducts: processing of low cost fish, minced meat, fish oil, fish meal, fish
sausages, isinglass, glue, fish silage, chitosan, chitin pearl essence, alginates, agar and
corals.
Text Books:

1. R.R. Colwell (ed): Biotechnology in Marine Science, 1982.
2. Aitikin, A: Fish handling & processing 2 nd edition, Min. Agr. Fish and Food, U.K.,
1982.
3. Borgstorm, G. : Fish as Food Vol. I, III and IV, Academic Press, 1961, 1965
4. Brandi, A.V.: Fish catching methods of the World, 3 rd edition, Fishing News
Books ltd. 1984.
5. Connel, J.J.: Control of Fish Quality, Fishing News Books Ltd., 1975.
6. Sanisburry, J.C.: Commercial Fishing Methods, Fishing News Books Ltd., 1971.
References:
1. Connell J.J. : Advances in fish science and technology, Fishing News Books Ltd.,
1980.
2. Nedelec C.: FAO catalogue of small scale fishing gear, FAO (FNB).

Paper 4.3.: Aquaculture II
Design, construction and management of aquaculture i.e. pond, cages, pens, rafts and
long lines.
Technical and non technical considerations in site selection.
Engineering survey principles and procedures. Selection of material and equipment.
Finfish and shellfish hatcheries – Seed production.
Diseases in aquaculture organisms, Prevention and treatment methods
Environmental impact assessment in Aquaculture.
Reference Books:
1. Imai T.: Aquaculture in shallow seas, Amerind Pub. Co., 1977
2. Milne P.H.: Fish & Shellfish farming incoastal waters, FNB Ltd., 1972.
3. Pillay TVR & Wm. A. Dill: Advances in Aquaculture, FAO, 1979.
4. Wheaton F.W.: Aquaculture engineering, Wiley- interscience, 1977.
5. Jhingran V.G.: Fish & Fisheries of India Hindustan Pub. Corp., 1982
6. Stickney R.R.: Principles of warm water aquaculture, Wiley – interscience, 1976.
7. A.E. Alilis: Fish and Shellfish pathology, Acad. Pr., 1986.
8. T.V.R.Pillay : Aquaculture: Principles & Practices, FNB Ltd., 1981.

Paper 4.4.: Biotechnological Applications in Aquaculture
Role of biotechnology in aquaculture.
Nutritional Biotechnology – Principles of nutrition – nutritional requirements of cultivable
finfishes and shell fishes at different stages of life – Energitics of fod conversion –
growth promoters – source of food – natural and artificial live feed – collection, culture
and their utilization. Artificial feeds – formulated feeds – feed formulations – methods
and strategies. Importance ad use of antioxidants and antibiotics in feeds – feed
storage.
Reproductive Biotechnology: Breeding biology and endocrine control of reproduction in
fin fishes and shell fishes – in induced breeding – egg incubation and larval rearing.
Principles of genetics – fish cytogenetics – application of genetics in aquaculture
– genetic selection, hybridization, inbreeding and cross breeding, sex control,
cryopreservation, in vitro fertilization, artificial insemination, polyploidy, transgenesis.
Development of disease resistant and high quality strains.
References:
1. Bardach J.E. et al., Aquaculture, Wiley-interscience, 1972.
2. Conn F.E. & P.K.Stump: Outlines of Bio-chemistry, Willey Eastern Ltd., 1989.
3. Halver J.E., Fish Nutrition, Academic Press, 1972.
4. Hepher B.: Nutrition of Pond Fishes, Cambridge University Press, 1969.
5. Hoar W.S. & D.J. Randall: Fish Physiology, Academic Press, 1969.
6. Huet. M & J.Timmermens: Textbook of Fish Culture: Breeding and Cultivation of
Fish, 2 nd edition, Fishing News books, 1989.
7. Jhingran V.G., Fish and Fisheries of India, 2 nd edition, Hindustan Pub., 1991.

Paper 4.5: Environmental Monitoring and Biodeterloration
Global environmental monitoring methods: Status and objectives, limitations for
monitoring critical pollutants.
Role of biotechnology in environmental pollution control: Indicator organisms, Test
organisms, Monitoring organisms, Enzymes.
Coastal developmental activities-environmental issues.
Micro and Macro fouling, corrosion of metals and alloys in the sea, effects of bio-fouling
and bio deterioration on marine structures.
Protection methods against corrosion and fouling Application of biotechnology in
controlling the bio deterioration of wood and synthetic substances in the sea.
Red tides: Cause character and effects on the organisms of Marine environment
Text Books/References:
1. S.E. Nielsen: Tropical Pollution, 1982.
2. A.M.Chakravarthy: Biodegradation and detoxification of Environmental pollutants,
CRC Press, 1928.
3. o.Kinne: Marine Ecology, Vol.V. Ocean Management 3&4 John Wiley & Sons.
1984.
4. Johnston R. (Ed.) : Marine Pollution, Academic Press, 1976.
5. Patin S.A.: Pollution and Biological resources of the Oceans Butterworth & Co.
Ltd., 1982.
6. Ruive M. (Ed.) : Marine Pollution and Fishing News Sea Life 1972.
7. Venugopalan, V.K. : Pollution and Toxicology, CAS in Marine Biology, 1991.
8. Rita Colwell (Ed): Biotechnology in Marine Sciences, Academic Press, 1981.
9. Prakash P.: Textbook of Marine Pollution.
10. Gupta, P.K. : Introduction to Biotechnology.