AFTER VIOLENCE: 3R, RECONSTRUCTION, RECONCILIATION ...
AFTER VIOLENCE: 3R, RECONSTRUCTION, RECONCILIATION ... AFTER VIOLENCE: 3R, RECONSTRUCTION, RECONCILIATION ...
Figure 9.1: The Pyramid, the Wheel, Both-And and Neither-Nor PYRAMID º TOO DOMINANT ³ TOO MUCH N-1 links º ³ º ³ º ³ º hierarchy ³ polyarchy º ³ º ³ ÇÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÅÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄþ º ³ º ³ º ³ º anarchy ³ demo-archy º ³ º ³ º TOO LITTLE ³ º TOO LOOSE ³ TOO TIGHT ÈÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÏÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍþ WHEEL N(N-1)/2 links Thus, four structural problems are recognized: - "too dominant", which politically means too repressive, economically too exploitative and culturally too alienating; - "too much" which means too little space for the individual; --- "too tight" which means some kind of forced togetherness, and - "too little" which means too much distance. A cycle of structural violence could start with people or nations breaking out of tight togetherness, creating distance by introducing some verticality in bigger structures; horizontal aspects get lost and the structure becomes repressive, exploitative and alienating, wars of secession and/or revolution follow, secession is followed by too much distance, and inter- nation/state war and revolution leads to new types of "too tight" relations. And so on and so forth. How do we handle that? Here is a very condensed set of answers to that question, in a sense summarizing the book Peace By Peaceful Means: 94
Table 9.1. The praxis triad: DIAGNOSIS + PROGNOSIS + THERAPY. ---------------------------------------------------------------- Conflict Behavior Contradiction Attitudes/ triangle Assumptions ---------------------------------------------------------------- Problem = Direct Structural Cultural Violence violence violence violence ---------------------------------------------------------------- Diagnosis History of Vertical: Cosmology: (of the roots direct repression/ CMT syndrome of violence) violence; exploitation DMA syndrome History of penetration universalism structural segmentation cum violence; fragmentation singularism; History of exclusion utopianism cultural Horizontal: cum violence; all - too much, final states defining the - too little present interaction ---------------------------------------------------------------- Prognosis Escalation, Continuation Continuation (of how what continuation if no if no happens to till consciousness consciousness the violence) prognoses formation and formation and coincide; efforts to efforts to or no energy build peace build peace ---------------------------------------------------------------- Self-Therapy Nonviolence Creativity Empathy (what you can - negative, Consciousness Consciousness do to reduce marches, ofverticality of individual violence) strikes, Organization collective fasting etc.; Confrontation subconscious; - positive, Struggle trace origins construction Decoupling = trace effects human contact self-reliance modify codes dialogue, Recoupling, build codes joint efforts but carefully Other-Therapy Nonviolence Creativity Empathy (others may - negative, - sowing seeds, - positive, have to do as hostages one party at trying to intervention) - positive, the time identify the facilitators - watering legitimate as links of the seeds goals of all communication - being a parties; like above facilitator - negative, willing to for ideas trying to incur risks participation eliminate in dialogue illegitimate, with explicit unnecessary peace goals goals, limit mediation the conflict arbitration surface ---------------------------------------------------------------- Table 9.1 is meant as an overview of much of peace studies; 95
- Page 47 and 48: massive, even collective, political
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- Page 51 and 52: structural specificities./55/ Thus,
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- Page 79 and 80: has a system analysis epistemology
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Figure 9.1: The Pyramid, the Wheel, Both-And and Neither-Nor<br />
PYRAMID º TOO DOMINANT ³ TOO MUCH<br />
N-1 links º ³<br />
º ³<br />
º ³<br />
º hierarchy ³ polyarchy<br />
º ³<br />
º ³<br />
ÇÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÅÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄþ<br />
º ³<br />
º ³<br />
º ³<br />
º anarchy ³ demo-archy<br />
º ³<br />
º ³<br />
º TOO LITTLE ³<br />
º TOO LOOSE ³ TOO TIGHT<br />
ÈÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÏÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍþ<br />
WHEEL N(N-1)/2 links<br />
Thus, four structural problems are recognized:<br />
- "too dominant", which politically means too repressive,<br />
economically too exploitative and culturally too alienating;<br />
- "too much" which means too little space for the individual; ---<br />
"too tight" which means some kind of forced togetherness, and -<br />
"too little" which means too much distance.<br />
A cycle of structural violence could start with people or<br />
nations breaking out of tight togetherness, creating distance by<br />
introducing some verticality in bigger structures; horizontal<br />
aspects get lost and the structure becomes repressive,<br />
exploitative and alienating, wars of secession and/or revolution<br />
follow, secession is followed by too much distance, and inter-<br />
nation/state war and revolution leads to new types of "too tight"<br />
relations. And so on and so forth. How do we handle that?<br />
Here is a very condensed set of answers to that question,<br />
in a sense summarizing the book Peace By Peaceful Means:<br />
94
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