AFTER VIOLENCE: 3R, RECONSTRUCTION, RECONCILIATION ...

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juridical approaches are universal, using Western = universal; - however, human stupidity has to be tempered with human wisdom which, in turn, has to be taken from wherever we find it. Cultural eclecticism is a must in the field of reconciliation, we cannot draw on any one culture alone; - taken combined these approaches may make more sense. The problem is to design good combinations for a given situation, and that obviously requires knowledge, skill and experience. Some of the twelve belong together, in twos and threes: - [1] and [5]: the exculpatory approach: nobody is guilty, and the karma approach: we are all guilty/responsible, together, are perspectives that may have great conciliatory effect; - [2] and [3], reparation/restitution and apology/forgiveness, complete each other, and may work if the case is not too hard; - [4] and [5], the penitence and the punishment approaches, also complete each other, and may release the perpetrator from guilt; - [7] and [8], the historical and theatrical approaches complete each other, providing an image of factual and potential truths; - [9], [10] and [11], the joint sorrow, joint reconstruction and joint resolution approaches are based on the same methodology; - [12], the ho'o ponopono approach is very holistic, in a sense incorporating all the others. As there is some validity to all approaches why not try them all? There is something to do that. The NSC approaches may blunt the trauma and the guilt, and pave the way for more symmetric approaches, with shared responsibility. Ho'o ponopono practiced high and low in society might deepen that. The three "joint approaches" could be initiated at an early stage, at a modest level, to gain experience. At the same time history commissions and theater groups start operating. If somebody has broken the law 90
y committing crimes of war, against humanity and genocide, they will of course have to be brought to justice, facing the State, the Community of States, his/her God. (There is no argument against that in this book, the argument is that the approach does not necessarily lead to reconciliation.) Time has then come for the two approaches that together give the meaning to reconciliation that most people probably have in mind: forgiveness, to the aggressor/ perpetrator who has deserved being forgiven. In a transaction two-way traffic is needed. What flows in the other direction is a combination of a deeply felt apology based on a deep truth, and restitution; in some cases to be televised nationally. But that transaction will only lead to healing-closure- reconciliation in a context of all the other approaches, as a crowning achievement. Done too early it may all fall flat on the ground, particularly if outsiders enter and say, "well, you surely have been through tough times, but it is all over now so why not shake hands and let bygones by bygones!" Trauma, including the trauma flowing from guilt, may fill a person to the brim and beyond, with overflow. Feelings that overwhelming will have to be treated with respect. And respect takes time. In all of this two traditions have crystallized with clear contours: the priest and the judge. They carry prestige in society because they know the book that can open the gates to heaven or hell, to freedom or prison. The other ten approaches are less professionalized if we assume that historians do not have a monopoly on truth, nor playwrights on drama. For all approaches a versatile, experienced peace worker would be meaningful. He is 91
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AFTER VIOLENCE: 3R, RECONSTRUCTION,
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The institutional breakdown, the ab
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potential. Violence is not like eat
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democracy is an answer. If the cont
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[1] The impression is given that vi
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violence till the cease-fire confus
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the underlying structural and cultu
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level of participation, a rich, blo
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up to net and gross national produc
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naive, self-exculpatory German der
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There is a special aspect of the da
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e proud of. Translated into nationa
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Cold War is by now a classical case
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and property. Creativity in life-en
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discourses good deeds may lead to s
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case, substituted the verbal duel o
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Scenario 4: Z hurts both X and Y fo
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wounds to the spirit never, as psyc
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chronologically. To the four cases
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soldiers were the limbs and "we" (t
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Let us try to summarize. Who/what w
Page 43 and 44: accident. The only recourse might b
Page 45 and 46: The white lynchers, victimized or n
Page 47 and 48: massive, even collective, political
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Page 51 and 52: structural specificities./55/ Thus,
Page 53 and 54: enemies into court, they did not mi
Page 55 and 56: Christian; South Africa is mixed. C
Page 57 and 58: ereaved and those who know the bere
Page 59 and 60: opportunities. There is the good th
Page 61 and 62: Restructuration: the peace structur
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Page 65 and 66: and traumas of the past, in a strug
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Page 69 and 70: positions in a deficient structure.
Page 71 and 72: This approach only works when the v
Page 73 and 74: forgive you"? Definitely not. Some
Page 75 and 76: context, landing it in the Self-God
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Page 79 and 80: has a system analysis epistemology
Page 81 and 82: [7] The historical/truth commission
Page 83 and 84: empirical facts: counter-factual hi
Page 85 and 86: the video and say: "This is the tur
Page 87 and 88: model would be a village, a town, a
Page 89 and 90: facilitating reliving on the spot.
Page 91 and 92: outcome, never that violence again!
Page 93: acts in the light of extenuating ci
Page 97 and 98: CONFLICT = ATTITUDES/ASSUMPTIONS +
Page 99 and 100: Table 9.1. The praxis triad: DIAGNO
Page 101 and 102: The democracy, parliamentarian appr
Page 103 and 104: task of the peace worker is to appr
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Page 107 and 108: destroy them; a contradiction, to p
Page 109 and 110: The best way of building nonviolenc
Page 111 and 112: during the second half of this cent
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Page 115 and 116: and death) specificity beyond the n
Page 117 and 118: war. The working class British (US,
Page 119 and 120: was also the outcome of insufficien
Page 121 and 122: the possibility that this was the p
Page 123 and 124: things, words and exercises? My wou
Page 125 and 126: 76. 77. I am particularly indebted
Page 127: to your feelings, if you have reaso
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AFTER VIOLENCE: 3R, RECONSTRUCTION, RECONCILIATION ...

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