AFTER VIOLENCE: 3R, RECONSTRUCTION, RECONCILIATION ...

favor of abolishing the army. Japan has the self-binding Article
9 in the constitution, abolishing not the army but the right to
war. The task of the peace worker obviously is to stimulate a
free, undogmatic debate over all these issues.
Reculturation: the peace culture approach. Again we are
faced with a double problem: to substitute for a culture of
violence a culture of peace, and to build a culture where there is
none. When the society has reached the pathological state of
anomie norms have no compelling force because there are no inner
or outer sanctions (good or bad conscience, reward or punishment--
or the promise/threat thereof).
One simple way of building a culture of peace would be by
introducing practical conflict knowledge and skills from
kindergarten beyond PhD, starting with "two children, one orange;
what do you do" problems (at least 16 qualitatively different
answers). Good, well-written books, many of them, with fifty,
hundred concrete stories of how conflicts from the intra-personal
to the inter-regional levels in fact were solved, with no
violence, are needed.
Above 90% of direct violence around the world is done by men
so demystification of the male mystique is needed. The idea that
male self-realization comes through violence ("tough",
"courageous", "heroic" are positive code-words, "coward",
"chicken" negative ones) is not only found in Iberian style
machismo. A deep challenge of the hero-war linkage is needed.
Certain civilizations see themselves as chosen peoples with
not only a right but a duty to conquer others, driven by glories
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