AFTER VIOLENCE: 3R, RECONSTRUCTION, RECONCILIATION ...

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esponsible; starting with democracy and human rights. 6. Truth & Reconciliation in South Africa: A New Jurisprudence? Permit me to start on a personal note, reflecting on the fact that I once did six months in prison, in my own home town Oslo, Norway, in connection with objection to military service for refusing to be kill. An unforgettable experience was meeting murderers telling me how they related to their killing: [1] I wish I could do something good for that family, squaring the wrong I did to them, giving them whatever I might earn - - [2] There is nothing I am so afraid of as meeting that family. I am so happy these prison walls keep them out, and me in. These two statements could very well come from the same person. At the same time as they are both very meaningful, they are also contradictory in the sense that it is difficult to enact both. Contradictions abound in criminal violence and its aftermath. Or just in crime. Or just in violence. Or just in law. The statements may be read many ways. One reading points to a basic problem of the legal system: the focus is on the relation between the Perpetrator (P) and the Law, represented by the State (S); not on the relation between P and the Victim (V). Adjudication takes place in the P-S relation, ending with acquittal or conviction. In the latter case S administers pain to P with the double intention of deterring P from doing it again (individual prevention, and of deterring others (general). V is placed on a side-track, irrelevant except for launching the process through an act of accusation, and as a witness. What V suffers is important in deciding the sentence, but is for V and V's nearest kin and friends to bear; like some kind of natural 40
accident. The only recourse might be a civil case against P./48/ When justice has been administered V, like P, supposedly have obtained closure; the case is concluded. The underlying transaction model between the parties to this drama has justice (revenge from above) as a main theme./49/ Here a fourth party enters, the people/public; but we subsume it under the state as the ultimate sovereign legitimizing the state and/or as the ultimate offended party ("the case of P vs the people of -- -). Here are two presentations, as matrix and graph: Table 6.1: Transaction Model I: The Justice Model, Matrix form -------------------------------------------------------- gives to PERPETRATOR VICTIM STATE/PUBLIC -------------------------------------------------------- PERPETRATOR Trauma as Submission Violence Truth Closure -------------------------------------------------------- VICTIM Closure Closure -------------------------------------------------------- STATE/PUBLIC Trauma as Voice&Ear Deterrence Justice Justice Closure Closure Closure -------------------------------------------------------- Figure 6.1. Transaction Model I: The Justice Model, Graph form STATE/PUBLIC Submission Punishment Voice&Ear Closure Truth Justice Justice Closure Closure Closure Trauma, Violence Closure PERPETRATOR VICTIM Closure P does harm to V. The relation is then transformed into a P-S relation where P gives S submission and truth (confession), and S gives V voice&ear. S then does harm to P, punishment, and this second harm is called justice, done unto P, and given to V. As a result closure (the case is closed) is supposed to flow in all 41
Page 1 and 2: AFTER VIOLENCE: 3R, RECONSTRUCTION,
Page 3 and 4: The institutional breakdown, the ab
Page 5 and 6: potential. Violence is not like eat
Page 7 and 8: democracy is an answer. If the cont
Page 9 and 10: [1] The impression is given that vi
Page 11 and 12: violence till the cease-fire confus
Page 13 and 14: the underlying structural and cultu
Page 15 and 16: level of participation, a rich, blo
Page 17 and 18: up to net and gross national produc
Page 19 and 20: naive, self-exculpatory German der
Page 21 and 22: There is a special aspect of the da
Page 23 and 24: e proud of. Translated into nationa
Page 25 and 26: Cold War is by now a classical case
Page 27 and 28: and property. Creativity in life-en
Page 29 and 30: discourses good deeds may lead to s
Page 31 and 32: case, substituted the verbal duel o
Page 33 and 34: Scenario 4: Z hurts both X and Y fo
Page 35 and 36: wounds to the spirit never, as psyc
Page 37 and 38: chronologically. To the four cases
Page 39 and 40: soldiers were the limbs and "we" (t
Page 41: Let us try to summarize. Who/what w
Page 45 and 46: The white lynchers, victimized or n
Page 47 and 48: massive, even collective, political
Page 49 and 50: there an underlying, universal, que
Page 51 and 52: structural specificities./55/ Thus,
Page 53 and 54: enemies into court, they did not mi
Page 55 and 56: Christian; South Africa is mixed. C
Page 57 and 58: ereaved and those who know the bere
Page 59 and 60: opportunities. There is the good th
Page 61 and 62: Restructuration: the peace structur
Page 63 and 64: exchanges of apologies and forgiven
Page 65 and 66: and traumas of the past, in a strug
Page 67 and 68: know only one good German; a dead G
Page 69 and 70: positions in a deficient structure.
Page 71 and 72: This approach only works when the v
Page 73 and 74: forgive you"? Definitely not. Some
Page 75 and 76: context, landing it in the Self-God
Page 77 and 78: victim relation is translated into
Page 79 and 80: has a system analysis epistemology
Page 81 and 82: [7] The historical/truth commission
Page 83 and 84: empirical facts: counter-factual hi
Page 85 and 86: the video and say: "This is the tur
Page 87 and 88: model would be a village, a town, a
Page 89 and 90: facilitating reliving on the spot.
Page 91 and 92: outcome, never that violence again!
Page 93 and 94:
acts in the light of extenuating ci
Page 95 and 96:
y committing crimes of war, against
Page 97 and 98:
CONFLICT = ATTITUDES/ASSUMPTIONS +
Page 99 and 100:
Table 9.1. The praxis triad: DIAGNO
Page 101 and 102:
The democracy, parliamentarian appr
Page 103 and 104:
task of the peace worker is to appr
Page 105 and 106:
ecoming a permanent state of societ
Page 107 and 108:
destroy them; a contradiction, to p
Page 109 and 110:
The best way of building nonviolenc
Page 111 and 112:
during the second half of this cent
Page 113 and 114:
socialism-communism (the last trans
Page 115 and 116:
and death) specificity beyond the n
Page 117 and 118:
war. The working class British (US,
Page 119 and 120:
was also the outcome of insufficien
Page 121 and 122:
the possibility that this was the p
Page 123 and 124:
things, words and exercises? My wou
Page 125 and 126:
76. 77. I am particularly indebted
Page 127:
to your feelings, if you have reaso
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