AFTER VIOLENCE: 3R, RECONSTRUCTION, RECONCILIATION ...

socialism-communism (the last transition does not have to be
violent, though).
19. These points, a battlefield, a national day there, are
obvious imitations or take-overs from religious traditions, and
the genuine children of secularism.
20. This presupposes a clear causal chain of events on which the
precipitating event can be identified and attributed to one and
only one party.
21. PBPM, Part II, ch. 3.2, pp. 90-93.
22. Coser, Burton, Kelman.
23. One observation by the present author: during the Cold War it
was difficult to open eyes and ears for the possibilities of
conflict transformation as everything was seen in a Cold War
perspective. That outlasted the Cold War and is still with us, as
when the problems of mafia/jungle capitalism in Eastern Europe is
seen as a due to communism rather than the alternative socio-
economic formulation operating underground under communism, and
today so far above the ground that it once again escapes with
impunity. But the deformation is gradually tapering off.
Instead there is an image of chaos which carries in its wake open
eyes and ears to new perspectives, even gratitude. As long as it
lasts meaning till a new deformation, like Huntington's clash of
civilizations with its infamous Muslim-Confucian alliance, has
settled and solidified.
24. For one image of what happens in the post Cold War period
consider this typology of conflicts:
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oppress exploit
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