AFTER VIOLENCE: 3R, RECONSTRUCTION, RECONCILIATION ...

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More particularly, studies show how TBC rates decreased more because of improved living standards (nutrition, housing, clothing) than because of artificial strengthening of immune systems through inoculation, and early diagnosis (X-ray)./7/ A disease cannot be detached from patient/8/ and context as an abstract entity with a life-cycle of its own, calling for generalized prevention, therapy and rehabilitation. Key aspects of exposure and resistance may be in the context in a broad sense, not in the disease-patient interface. Causal cycles pass body- mind-spirit, not only the body. And key causes may be far away from the symptoms. Include the full context, and the cycles may even be global (AIDS), and macro-historical (flu). With increasing globalization this becomes even more true. Nor can violence be detached from its space/time context. The context in space is the conflict formation, including all parties involved, proximate and distant, with all goals relevant for the conflict, consciously held values as well as positional interests. A first mistake in conflict practice is to include only parties in a limited violence area; confusing symptoms with causes, like a physician referring to a swollen ankle as an "ankle disease", not as a possible heart disorder symptom. Or to hunger as "insufficient food intake", not as a social problem. Remote, back-stage, parties may be crucial. The context in time is the conflict history, including the history of the future. A second mistake made in conflict practice is to equip conflict history with beginning and end, coinciding with a limited violence interval, from the first eruption of 10
violence till the cease-fire confused with peace. A violence area-interval is then detached from formation and history and reified as in the "Manchurian Incident", the "Gulf War", the "Yugoslav debacle", "Rwanda", and tabulated in research long on data and short on understanding. One reason for this is no doubt epistemological, rooted in empiricism and beyond that in behaviorism: violence is behavior and can be observed; conflict is more abstract. Another is political: violence may escalate not only inside but also "out of area-interval" and become dangerous to others by contagion, like an epidemic disease. Hence the focus on proven carriers of the germs of disease and violence, "terrorists", to be eradicated, like germs. Causal cycles outside area-interval might include very powerful actors who prefer to remain unnamed/unmentioned. Mainstream media tend to fall into all these traps. What kind of discourse would we recommend to accommodate these considerations, focusing not only on the etiology of a given outbreak of violence/war and on meaningful intervention, but also on the aftermath? Here is one tentative answer: [1] Direct (overt) violence is seen as having a pre-, side-, and after-history, in unbounded areas and intervals. [2] These histories can be traced in six spaces: Nature: as ecological deterioration/ecological improvement Human, body, mind, spirit: as traumas-hatred, as glory-love Social: as deepening of conflict/as healing of conflict World(space): as deepening of conflict/as healing of conflict Time: as the kairos of trauma/glory, as the khronos of peace Culture: as deposits of trauma/glory, as deposits of peace 11
Page 1 and 2: AFTER VIOLENCE: 3R, RECONSTRUCTION,
Page 3 and 4: The institutional breakdown, the ab
Page 5 and 6: potential. Violence is not like eat
Page 7 and 8: democracy is an answer. If the cont
Page 9: [1] The impression is given that vi
Page 13 and 14: the underlying structural and cultu
Page 15 and 16: level of participation, a rich, blo
Page 17 and 18: up to net and gross national produc
Page 19 and 20: naive, self-exculpatory German der
Page 21 and 22: There is a special aspect of the da
Page 23 and 24: e proud of. Translated into nationa
Page 25 and 26: Cold War is by now a classical case
Page 27 and 28: and property. Creativity in life-en
Page 29 and 30: discourses good deeds may lead to s
Page 31 and 32: case, substituted the verbal duel o
Page 33 and 34: Scenario 4: Z hurts both X and Y fo
Page 35 and 36: wounds to the spirit never, as psyc
Page 37 and 38: chronologically. To the four cases
Page 39 and 40: soldiers were the limbs and "we" (t
Page 41 and 42: Let us try to summarize. Who/what w
Page 43 and 44: accident. The only recourse might b
Page 45 and 46: The white lynchers, victimized or n
Page 47 and 48: massive, even collective, political
Page 49 and 50: there an underlying, universal, que
Page 51 and 52: structural specificities./55/ Thus,
Page 53 and 54: enemies into court, they did not mi
Page 55 and 56: Christian; South Africa is mixed. C
Page 57 and 58: ereaved and those who know the bere
Page 59 and 60: opportunities. There is the good th
Page 61 and 62:
Restructuration: the peace structur
Page 63 and 64:
exchanges of apologies and forgiven
Page 65 and 66:
and traumas of the past, in a strug
Page 67 and 68:
know only one good German; a dead G
Page 69 and 70:
positions in a deficient structure.
Page 71 and 72:
This approach only works when the v
Page 73 and 74:
forgive you"? Definitely not. Some
Page 75 and 76:
context, landing it in the Self-God
Page 77 and 78:
victim relation is translated into
Page 79 and 80:
has a system analysis epistemology
Page 81 and 82:
[7] The historical/truth commission
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empirical facts: counter-factual hi
Page 85 and 86:
the video and say: "This is the tur
Page 87 and 88:
model would be a village, a town, a
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facilitating reliving on the spot.
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outcome, never that violence again!
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acts in the light of extenuating ci
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y committing crimes of war, against
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CONFLICT = ATTITUDES/ASSUMPTIONS +
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Table 9.1. The praxis triad: DIAGNO
Page 101 and 102:
The democracy, parliamentarian appr
Page 103 and 104:
task of the peace worker is to appr
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ecoming a permanent state of societ
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destroy them; a contradiction, to p
Page 109 and 110:
The best way of building nonviolenc
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during the second half of this cent
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socialism-communism (the last trans
Page 115 and 116:
and death) specificity beyond the n
Page 117 and 118:
war. The working class British (US,
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was also the outcome of insufficien
Page 121 and 122:
the possibility that this was the p
Page 123 and 124:
things, words and exercises? My wou
Page 125 and 126:
76. 77. I am particularly indebted
Page 127:
to your feelings, if you have reaso
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AFTER VIOLENCE: 3R, RECONSTRUCTION, RECONCILIATION ...

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