AFTER VIOLENCE: 3R, RECONSTRUCTION, RECONCILIATION ...

More particularly, studies show how TBC rates decreased more
because of improved living standards (nutrition, housing,
clothing) than because of artificial strengthening of immune
systems through inoculation, and early diagnosis (X-ray)./7/
A disease cannot be detached from patient/8/ and context as
an abstract entity with a life-cycle of its own, calling for
generalized prevention, therapy and rehabilitation. Key aspects
of exposure and resistance may be in the context in a broad sense,
not in the disease-patient interface. Causal cycles pass body-
mind-spirit, not only the body. And key causes may be far away
from the symptoms. Include the full context, and the cycles may
even be global (AIDS), and macro-historical (flu).
With increasing globalization this becomes even more true.
Nor can violence be detached from its space/time context.
The context in space is the conflict formation, including all
parties involved, proximate and distant, with all goals relevant
for the conflict, consciously held values as well as positional
interests. A first mistake in conflict practice is to include
only parties in a limited violence area; confusing symptoms with
causes, like a physician referring to a swollen ankle as an "ankle
disease", not as a possible heart disorder symptom. Or to hunger
as "insufficient food intake", not as a social problem. Remote,
back-stage, parties may be crucial.
The context in time is the conflict history, including the
history of the future. A second mistake made in conflict practice
is to equip conflict history with beginning and end, coinciding
with a limited violence interval, from the first eruption of
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