GROWING GOURMET - Anto2ni.it

524 GLOSSARY
scierotium. scierotia: a resting stage of mycehum
typified by a mass of hardened
mycelium resembling a tuber and from which
mushrooms, mycelia, or conidia can arise.
Sclerotia are produced by both ascomycetes
and basidiomycetes.
sector: usually used to describe fans of mycehum
morphologically distinct from the type
of mycelium preceding and bordering it.
senescence: the state whereby a living organism
declines in vigor due to age and becomes susceptible
to disease.
septum, septa(pl.) structural divisions between
cells, i.e. cell walls.
septate: cells with distinct walls.
skeletal hyphae: coarse, inflated cellular network
consisting of thick-walled, unbranched,
cells lacking cross-walls. Skeletal hyphae
give mushrooms a tough, fibrous texture, especially
at the stem base. Except for the basal
cell, they are typically clamp-less.
spawn: any material impregnated with mycehum,
the aggregation of which is used to
inoculate more massive substrates.
species: a biologically discrete group of individuals
which are cross-fertile, and give rise
to fertile progeny.
sporeless strains:Strains which do not produce
spores. Sporeless Oyster strains are highly
sought after given the health problems associated
with growing these mushrooms
indoors.
spores: discrete cells which are used to spread
fungi to new ecological niches, arid are essential
in the recombination of genetic material.
sporocarps: any fruitbody that produces
spores.
sterilization: the rendering of a substrate to a
state where all hifeforms have been made inviable.
Sterilization by heat (steam) is more
commonly employed in mushroom cultivation
than chemical, gas, UV, or radioactive
means. Sterilization usually implies prolonged
exposure to temperatures at or above
the boiling point of water (100° C; 212° F.)
at or above atmospheric pressure.
stipe: the stem of a mushroom.
strain: a race of individuals within a species
sharing a common genetic heritage but differing
in some observable set of features which
may or may not be taxonomically significant.
stroma: a dense, cushion-like aggregation of
mycelium forming on the surface of substrate
which generally does not lead to fruitbody
formation.
subhymenium: the layer of cells directly below
the hymenium.
substrate: straw, sawdust, compost, soil, or any
organic material on which mushroom mycehum
will grow.
super-pasteurization: prolonged pasteurization
utilizing steam. Super-pasteurization
typically is for 12-48 hours at or near to 100°
C. (212°F.) at or near atmospheric pressure.
Super-pasteurization is a method commonly
used to render sawdust substrates, in bulk,
into a form usable for the cultivation of
Shiitake, Oyster, andlor similar mushrooms.
T
taxon (taxa p1.): a taxonomic unit, usually in
reference to a species.
thermogenesis: the natural and spontaneous
escalation of temperature in substrates due to
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